This document outlines guidelines for infection control and prevention, including universal precautions for healthcare workers. It discusses modes of disease transmission, proper hand hygiene techniques, use of personal protective equipment, and safe handling of contaminated medical supplies to prevent the spread of infections. The role of healthcare workers is to follow these protocols to minimize transmission and provide educated care for all patients regardless of infection status.

2. OutlineOutline
 Definitions
 Modes of transmission of infections
 Portals of entry of bacteria
 Explain universal precautions
 Explain the worker’s role in preventing
spread of infections
 Proper hand washing techniques
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Summary
‫التعريفات‬
‫العدوى‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫طرق‬
‫البكتيريا‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بوابات‬
‫العالمية‬ ‫التحتياطات‬ ‫شرح‬
‫العدوى‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫منع‬ ‫في‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫دور‬ ‫شرح‬
‫الصحيحة‬ ‫اليدي‬ ‫غسل‬ ‫تقنيات‬
‫الشخصية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬
‫ملخص‬

3. DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
• Infection control – the set of methods used to
control and prevent the spread of disease
• Infections - are caused by pathogens ‫مسببات‬
‫(المراض‬germs)
• Communicable disease ‫المعدية‬ – disease spread
from one person to another
• Infectious disease – disease caused by a
pathogen (germ or bacteria)

4. Contaminated – means dirty, soiled, unclean
Disinfection – cleaning so that germs
(pathogens) are destroyed
Mode of transmission – the way germs are
passed from one person to another
Mucous membranes – membranes that line
body cavities that open to the outside of the
body

5. MODES OFMODES OF
TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION
Body fluids – tears, saliva, sputum (mucus
coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal
secretions, pus or other wound drainage, blood
Touching the infected person or their secretions
Touching something contaminated by the
infected person.
Droplets – coughing, sneezing, laughing,
spitting, talking

6. PORTALS OF ENTRYPORTALS OF ENTRY
• Any body opening of an uninfected person
which allows pathogens to enter
• Nose, mouth, eyes, rectum, genitals and other
mucous membranes
• Cuts, abrasions or breaks in the skin

7. Patient to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Worker to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Visitor to
Worker
Visitor
Patient

8. UNIVERSALUNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
 are infection control guidelines designed ‫تاداشرإرشادات‬
‫العدوى‬ ‫مكافحة‬ to protect workers/patients from
exposure to diseases spread by blood and
certain body fluids.
Always treat blood, body fluids, broken skin and
mucous membranes as if they were infected
Always follow Universal Precautions because
you cannot tell by looking at a person whether
they have a contagious disease

9. • Wash your hands before putting on gloves and
immediately after removing gloves
• Do not touch clean objects with contaminated
gloves
• Bag all disposable contaminated supplies

10. • Wear gloves if you may come in contact
with blood, body fluids, secretions and
excretions, broken or open skin, human
tissue of mucous membranes
• Clean all surfaces that may be
contaminated with infectious waste, such as
beds, wheelchairs and shower chairs

11. WHAT CAN I DO??WHAT CAN I DO??
• Good hand washing is the most effective method
to prevent the spread of infection
• May use an alcohol-based hand cleaner in place
of washing with soap and water
• Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth

12. • Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue every
time you cough or sneeze
• Throw used tissue in a wastebasket
• If you don’t have a tissue, sneeze or cough into
your sleeve
• Always clean your hands after coughing or
sneezing

14. How to Clean HandsHow to Clean Hands
• Remove all wrist and hand jewelry.
• Cover cuts and abrasions with waterproof dressings.
• Keep fingernails short, clean, and free from nail polish.

16. Effective Hand washing TechEffective Hand washing Tech
• Wet hands under tepid running water
• Apply soap or antimicrobial preparation
o solution must have contact with whole surface area of hands
o vigorous rubbing of hands for 10–15 seconds
o especially tips of fingers, thumbs and areas between fingers
• Rinse completely
• Dry hands with good quality paper towel.

18. How to use waterless handruHow to use waterless handru
• Make sure all visible dirt is removed from
your hands
• Apply a dime sized amount of waterless
hand sanitizer to the palm of one hand or
use a waterless hand sanitizer wipe
• Rub hands together covering all surfaces of
hands and fingers
• Rub until waterless hand sanitizer is absorbed
• Remember, waterless sanitizers are not effective if
dirt is visible on your hands

19. Your 5 moments forYour 5 moments for
HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENE

20. Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
• Gloves, aprons, gowns, eye protection, and
face masks
• Health care workers should wear a face mask,
eye protection and a gown if there is the
potential for blood or other bodily fluids to
splash.

21. • Masks should be worn
o if an airborne infection is suspected or confirmed
o to protect an immune compromised patient.

22. GlovesGloves
Gloves must be worn for:
• all invasive procedures
• contact with sterile sites
• contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes
• all activities assessed as having a risk of exposure to
blood, bodily fluids, secretions and excretions, and
handling sharps or contaminated instruments.
Hands should be washed before and after gloving

23. Safe Use and Disposal ofSafe Use and Disposal of
SharpsSharps
• Keep handling to a minimum
• Do not recap needles; bend or break after use
• Discard each needle into a sharps container at the point
of use
• Do not overload a bin if it is full
• Do not leave a sharp bin in the reach of children

24. GENERAL GUIDELINESGENERAL GUIDELINES
• Wear gloves when handling soiled linens
• Fold or roll linen so that the dirtiest area is
inside
• Hold and carry dirty linen away from your
body
• Do not shake dirty linen or clothes

25. • Use appropriate receptacles for disposal
• Do not touch the inside of any disposal
container
• Do not use “re-usable” equipment again
until it has been properly cleaned
• Never use disposable equipment more times
than recommended by the manufacturer

26. SummarySummary
• Know the main guidelines in each of the
clinical environments you are assigned.
• Accept responsibility for minimizing
opportunities for infection transmission.

27. • Educate patients and families/visitors
about clean hands and infection
transmission.
• Ensure patients on precautions have same
standard of care as others:
o frequency of entering the room
o monitoring vital signs