This document outlines infection control practices including definitions, modes of transmission, universal precautions, and proper hand hygiene techniques. It defines key terms like infection, communicable disease, and contaminated. Modes of transmission include body fluids, touching infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, and droplets from coughing or sneezing. Universal precautions require treating all body fluids as potentially infectious. Proper hand hygiene, including washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based sanitizers, is the most effective way to prevent spread of infection. Personal protective equipment like gloves and gowns should be worn during any activities with risk of exposure to body fluids.
Environmental cleaning depends on Infection Control risk Assessment as High, Moderate & Low Risk Areas. This document includes Procedures & Practices in Hospital for Environmental Cleaning & Disinfection based on cheapest hospital grade disinfectant i.e Clorox / Household Bleach available for especially third world countries.
Environmental cleaning depends on Infection Control risk Assessment as High, Moderate & Low Risk Areas. This document includes Procedures & Practices in Hospital for Environmental Cleaning & Disinfection based on cheapest hospital grade disinfectant i.e Clorox / Household Bleach available for especially third world countries.
This presentation was created to help improve awareness of students in healthcare setting and/or healthcare workers regarding infection prevention and control.
**Disclaimer: Some materials (pictures) may have copyright.
The health of patients is important to hospitals making it imperative to properly dispose of biomedical waste. Having the proper biomedical waste containers is part of keeping patients safe from illnesses they could contract while in the hospital.
This presentation was created to help improve awareness of students in healthcare setting and/or healthcare workers regarding infection prevention and control.
**Disclaimer: Some materials (pictures) may have copyright.
The health of patients is important to hospitals making it imperative to properly dispose of biomedical waste. Having the proper biomedical waste containers is part of keeping patients safe from illnesses they could contract while in the hospital.
MATERIALS AND ITS TYPES
machinary , equipments and linen using in hospitals and their care
EQUIPMENTS AND ITS TYPES
CARE OF LINEN
CARE OF RUBBER GOODS
CARE OF STAINLESS STEEL GOODS
CARE OF GLASS EQUIPMENTS
CARE OF PLASTIC ITEMS
CARE OF FURNITURE
CARE OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENTS
MAINTANENCE OF WARD INVENTORY
Hi All,
Now you can download my Presentation easily. I changed my Privacy setting.. I wish I can make more presentations for the young salesmen, but I am so busy these days and couldn't reply everyone who need my presentation. So here you can download now and present it to your teams etc.
Regards,
Shahzad Chohan
Research shows that washing hands with soap and water could reduce deaths from diarrheal disease by up to 50%. Researchers estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, 1 million deaths a year could be prevented. A large percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. OOuuttlliinnee
Definitions
Modes of transmission of infections
Portals of entry of bacteria
Explain universal precautions
Explain the worker’s role in preventing
spread of infections
Proper hand washing techniques
Personal Protective Equipment
Summary
3. DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONNSS
• Infection control – the set of methods used to
control and prevent the spread of disease
• Infections - are caused by pathogens (germs)
• Communicable disease – disease spread from
one person to another
• Infectious disease – disease caused by a
pathogen (germ or bacteria)
4. Contaminated – means dirty, soiled, unclean
Disinfection – cleaning so that germs
(pathogens) are destroyed
Mode of transmission – the way germs are
passed from one person to another
Mucous membranes – membranes that line
body cavities that open to the outside of the
body
5. MMOODDEESS OOFF
TTRRAANNSSMMIISSSSIIOONN
Body fluids – tears, saliva, sputum (mucus
coughed up), urine, faeces, semen, vaginal
secretions, pus or other wound drainage, blood
Touching the infected person or their secretions
Touching something contaminated by the
infected person.
Droplets – coughing, sneezing, laughing,
spitting, talking
6. PPOORRTTAALLSS OOFF EENNTTRRYY
• Any body opening of an uninfected person which
allows pathogens to enter
• Nose, mouth, eyes, rectum, genitals and other
mucous membranes
• Cuts, abrasions or breaks in the skin
7. Patient to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Worker to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Visitor to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
8. UUNNIIVVEERRSSAALL
PPRREECCAAUUTTIIOONNSS
are infection control guidelines designed to
protect workers/patients from exposure to
diseases spread by blood and certain body
fluids.
Always treat blood, body fluids, broken skin and
mucous membranes as if they were infected
Always follow Universal Precautions because
you cannot tell by looking at a person whether
they have a contagious disease
9. • Use practical, common sense
• Wash your hands before putting on gloves and
immediately after removing gloves
• Do not touch clean objects with contaminated
gloves
10. • Wear gloves if you may come in contact with
blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions,
broken or open skin, human tissue of mucous
membranes
• Bag all disposable contaminated supplies
• Clean all surfaces that may be contaminated
with infectious waste, such as beds, wheelchairs
and shower chairs
11. WWHHAATT CCAANN II DDOO????
• Good hand washing is the most effective method
to prevent the spread of infection
• May use an alcohol-based hand cleaner in place
of washing with soap and water
• Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth
12. • Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue every
time you cough or sneeze
• Throw used tissue in a wastebasket
• If you don’t have a tissue, sneeze or cough into
your sleeve
• Always clean your hands after coughing or
sneezing
13.
14. HHooww ttoo CClleeaann HHaannddss
• Remove all wrist and hand jewelry.
• Cover cuts and abrasions with waterproof dressings.
• Keep fingernails short, clean, and free from nail polish.
15. EEffffeeccttiivvee HHaannddwwaasshhiinngg TTeecchhnniiqquuee
• Wet hands under tepid running water
• Apply soap or antimicrobial preparation
o solution must have contact with whole surface area of hands
o vigorous rubbing of hands for 10–15 seconds
o especially tips of fingers, thumbs and areas between fingers
• Rinse completely
• Dry hands with good quality paper towel.
16. HHooww ttoo uussee wwaatteerrlleessss hhaannddrruubb
• Make sure all visible dirt is removed from
your hands
• Apply a dime sized amount of waterless
hand sanitizer to the palm of one hand or
use a waterless hand sanitizer wipe
• Rub hands together covering all surfaces of
hands and fingers
• Rub until waterless hand sanitizer is absorbed
• Remember, waterless sanitizers are not effective if
dirt is visible on your hands
18. PPeerrssoonnaall PPrrootteeccttiivvee EEqquuiippmmeenntt
• Gloves, aprons, gowns, eye protection, and
face masks
• Health care workers should wear a face mask,
eye protection and a gown if there is the
potential for blood or other bodily fluids to
splash.
19. • Masks should be worn
o if an airborne infection is suspected or confirmed
o to protect an immune compromised patient.
20. GGlloovveess
Gloves must be worn for:
• all invasive procedures
• contact with sterile sites
• contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes
• all activities assessed as having a risk of exposure to
blood, bodily fluids, secretions and excretions, and
handling sharps or contaminated instruments.
Hands should be washed before and after gloving
21. SSaaffee UUssee aanndd DDiissppoossaall ooff
SShhaarrppss
• Keep handling to a minimum
• Do not recap needles; bend or break after use
• Discard each needle into a sharps container at the point
of use
• Do not overload a bin if it is full
• Do not leave a sharp bin in the reach of children
22. GGEENNEERRAALL GGUUIIDDEELLIINNEESS
• Wear gloves when handling soiled linens
• Fold or roll linen so that the dirtiest area is
inside
• Hold and carry dirty linen away from your
body
• Do not shake dirty linen or clothes
23. • Use appropriate receptacles for disposal
• Do not touch the inside of any disposal container
• Do not use “re-usable” equipment again until it has
been properly cleaned
• Never use disposable equipment more times than
recommended by the manufacturer
24. SSuummmmaarryy
• Know the main guidelines in each of the
clinical environments you are assigned.
• Accept responsibility for minimizing
opportunities for infection transmission.
25. • Educate patients and families/visitors
about clean hands and infection
transmission.
• Ensure patients on precautions have same
standard of care as others:
o frequency of entering the room
o monitoring vital signs
Editor's Notes
Keep in Mind that transmission is not one-way and does not discriminate!
Patients can Transmit to workers, visitors and other patients and vice versa. Any infectious person puts everyone in her immediate surroundsing s at risk!
Soap solution must have contact with whole surface area of hands—vigorous rubbing of hands for 10–15 seconds (especially tips of fingers, thumbs and areas between fingers).
A link to drawings showing the procedure - Effective Handwashing Technique
Links to drawings and directions for this procedure - How to use waterless handrub
Click on to start video (link to the file)
Personal protective equipment includes the use of gowns, gloves, aprons, eye protection and face masks.
The use of these equipment is usually based on assessment of the risk of micro-organism transmission to the patient or to the carer as well as the risk of contamination of the health-care practitioner’s clothing and skin by the patient’s blood, bodily fluids, secretions or excretions.
1. Gloves are now an everyday part of clinical practice. There are two main indicators for wearing gloves in the clinical setting:
• to protect the hands from contamination with organic matter and micro-organisms;
• to reduce the risk of transmitting microorganisms to both patients and staff.
2. Even if a student is required to wear gloves this does not replace the need for cleaning one’s hands.
3. Gloves must be worn for:
- all invasive procedures;
- contact with sterile sites;
- contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes;
- all activities assessed as having a risk of exposure to blood, bodily fluids, secretions and excretions, and handling sharps or contaminated instruments.
4. Gloves should be worn only once and should be put on immediately before the care activity, removed immediately afterwards and changed between patients and pisodes of care;
5. Gloves must be disposed of as clinical waste and hands must be decontaminated by washing appropriately.
Students should be aware of the significant problem for health-care workers caused by needle stick injuries, which are as prevalent as injuries from falls and handling and exposure to hazardous substances.