The document discusses automation and its various types, including industrial automation, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It outlines the benefits of automation like increased productivity and quality, as well as drawbacks such as high initial costs and potential job displacement. Additionally, it emphasizes the future potential of fully automated factories to enhance economic growth while presenting a balanced view on the social implications of automation.

2.  AUTOMATION
 TYPES OF AUTOMATION
 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY
 WHAT IS PLC?
 WHAT IS SCADA?
 SENSORS
 ASSEMBLY LINES
 ACTUATOR &DRUM BRAKE ASSEMBLY
 QUALITY GAUGES
 MAINTENANCE OF THE COMPANY
 FUTURE SCOPE
 CONCLUSION

3. Automation is basically the delegation of human control
functions to technical equipment aimed towards
achieving:
 Higher productivity.
 Superior quality of end product.
 Efficient usage of energy and raw materials.
 Improved safety in working conditions etc.

4.  Building automation
Example: lifts, smoke detectors
 Office automation
Example: printers, cctv cameras
 Scientific automation
Example: rocket launching
 Light automation
Example: street solar lightening
 Industrial automation
Example: automated bottle filling stations , steel factories etc

5.  The use of Computerized or robotic devices to
complete manufacturing tasks.
PLANT
FIELD
INSTRUME
NT
CONTROL SYSTEM
HARDWA
RE
CONTROL
SOFTWAR
E
CONTROL

6.  Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer that
monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program and controls
outputs to automate a process or machine.
 The automation of many different processes, such as controlling
machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small
computers called a programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

7.  To reduce human efforts .
 To get maximum efficiency from machine and control them with
human logic .
 To reduce complex circuitry of entire system .
 To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled
systems.

8. UNDERSTANDING OF PLC
(Example )Machine can be controlled by PLC without human efforts

9. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A PLC
PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
U O
T D
P U
U L
T E
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.

10. PLC
INPUT OUTPUT
PUSH BUTTONS
1. INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a
logic signal
Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons.
2. OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that can
be used by actuators.
Ex. : lamps, alarm.
COMPONENTS (INPUT /OUTPUT)

11. 3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC systems
 The CPU consists of following blocks :
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
Internal memory of CPU
Internal timers ,counters and Flags .
 The various operations performed are :
Scanning I/O bus traffic control,
Program execution,
Peripheral and External device communication,
Data handling and self diagnostics.
PROCESSOR
4. MEMORY is the component that stores information, programs and data in
a PLC.
COMPONENTS (CPU ,MEMORY)
Types of memories used in PLCs are read only memory (ROM) and
random access memory (RAM).

12. 5. POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC
components. POWER
SUPPLY
6. PROGRAMMING DEVICE
The programming terminal is used for programming
the PLC and monitoring/sequencing PLCs
operation.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
COMPONENTS (POWER SUPPLY, PROGRAMMING
DEVICE)

13.  CHECK INPUT STATUS
First the PLC takes a look at each
I/O to determine if it is on or off.
 EXECUTE PROGRAM
Next the PLC executes the program
one instruction at a time.
 UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS
Finally the PLC updates the status of
the outputs .It updates the outputs
based on which inputs were on during
the first step.
PLC OPERATION

14. Ladder logic is a programming language used to develop software for
PLC used in industrial control applications.
RUNGES
RAIL RAIL
PLC PROGRAMMING

15. ELEMENTS OF LADDER LOGIC
NORMALLY OPEN NORMALLY CLOSED
(CONTACT) (CONTACT)
COILS

16. A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
AND Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
OR Gate
A
B
Y

17. NOR Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
NAND Gate
B
Y
A

18.  Manufacturing / Machining
 Food / Beverage
Textile Industry
 Travel Industry
 Aerospace
 Printing Industry
AREAS OF APPLICATION

19.  Replacing Human Operators
Dangerous Environments
Beyond Human Capabilities
 Fast
 Easily programmed and have an easily understood
programming language.
 Improves Productivity
 Improves Quality
ADVANTAGES

20. Initial Costs Are High
 There's Too Much Work Required In
Connecting Wires
 Unemployment Rate Increases
DISADVANTAGES

21. 21SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 Supervisory
 Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
 Control
 Monitoring
 Limited
 Telemetry
 Remote/Local
 Data acquisition
 Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
 Sends it to different sites through telemetry
 Analog / Digital
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

22. 22SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
 Saves Time and Money
 Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter ride)
 Reduces man-power needs
 Increases production efficiency of a company
 Cost effective for power systems
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control over a particular system
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

23. 23SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
Main SCADA applications:
 Water and Wastewater
 Power
 Oil and Gas
 Research facilities
 Transportation
 Security systems
 Siren systems
 Irrigation
 Communication control
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY

24. 1. Sensors
2. Solenoids
3. Load cells
4. Limit switch
5. Relay

25.  Assembling of complex items such as automobiles,
transportation equipments, household appliances &
electronic goods.
 Different operations are:
1. rework station
2. Bladder screw assembly
3. Low pressure testing
4. High pressure testing………

26.  Actuator assembly is used to describe actuator
mechanism.
 It consists of a typical power supply, actuator arm ,
actuator mechanism.
 Drum brake assembly components include:
1. Backing plate
2. Brake drum
3. Springs & pins

27.  Used to make measurements in order to display
certain information, like time, thickness.
 Types:
 Pressure gauge
 Hydraulic gauge
 Bore gauge

28.  1. coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
Device used for measuring physical geometrical
characteristics of an object.
2. Micrometers
Precise measurement of components.

29.  . Maintenance is the discipline and profession for the optimization of
equipment, procedures, and departmental budgets to achieve
better maintainability, reliability, and availability of equipment
 Types
1. Preventive
2. Predictive
3. Time-based
4. Condition-based

30.  Because of relatively small production volumes and
huge applications, industrial automation uses new
technologies that are present in the market.
 In the coming time there would be fully automated
factories established which would not only reduce and
save time and energy but also leads to increase in
countries economic growth.

31.  The PLC have in recent years experienced an unprecedented
growth as universal element in industrial automation .It can be
effectively used in applications ranging from simple control like
replacing a small number of relays to complex automation
problems.Today the PLCs are used for control & automation job
in a single machine & it increases up to full automation of
manufacturing / testing process in a factory. It is said that
countries that have embraced automation enjoy a higher standard
of living than those that have not. At the same time, a concern is
often aired that automating tasks jobs from people that used to
build things by hand. Regardless of the social implications , there
is no doubt that productivity increases with the proper application
of automation techniques.
CONCLUSION