After discussing as a class what the artifacts of the regions may demonstrate of the people in the area, this PowerPoint is the culmination of two different classes conclusions.
The Indus Valley Civilization began during the Bronze Age between 2500 BC and 1500 BC in the Indus River valley region spanning modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had highly developed urban planning with large residential areas, wells, bathrooms, and an effective drainage system. The people practiced burial rituals, usually in a north-south orientation, and buried individuals with jewelry. The civilization declined around 1800 BCE for reasons that are still unclear but may have included flooding of the Saraswati River or other catastrophic events disrupting the agricultural economy and civic order.
1) The Indus Valley Civilization utilized many natural resources from the Indus River basin including timber for construction, fresh water for drinking and irrigation, and marine resources. Clay from the river was used to make bricks for building.
2) The Indus traded extensively, importing materials like carnelian, jade, turquoise and exporting goods such as cotton cloth, beads, and gems. Major trading partners included Mesopotamia and cities in Oman.
3) Ancient Egypt's primary natural resource was the Nile River which provided water, transportation and fertile soil. They also exploited stone, copper, flint and grew crops like papyrus and flax. Like the Indus, Egypt engaged in
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 6500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were home to over 50,000 people each and featured advanced architecture including defensive walls, well-planned streets, and sophisticated water and drainage systems. The Indus people cultivated wheat, barley and cotton and engaged in extensive trade. Though the civilization declined between 2000-1800 BCE for unknown reasons, it was highly advanced for its time period.
The document summarizes key aspects of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the discovery of major sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa and their advanced features like standardized town planning with broad streets and drainage systems. It outlines residential and public buildings, including the Great Bath. The civilization engaged in agriculture, trade, crafts like metalworking, and had social hierarchies reflected in ornaments. The document provides insights into the developed nature of this early civilization while its eventual decline remains unknown.
The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization in India, which is divided into Early (c. 3300-2600 BCE), Middle (c. 2600-1900 BCE), and Late (c. 1900-1200 BCE) periods. Some key sites of the Indus Valley Civilization included Dholavira, Mohenjo-daro, and Harappa. The Indus Valley Civilization developed urban planning, sewage systems, standardized weights and measures, and engaged in trade. However, the Indus script remains undeciphered, and many aspects of Indus Valley society and culture remain unknown.
Technology Of Indus Civilization Final PresentationJoyce Lee
1. The document discusses the advanced technologies used in the Indus Civilization including standardized weights, shell inlay, perforated pots, copper bangles, and grid-planned cities with wells and draining systems.
2. Archaeologists have found evidence that the Indus people had skills in bead making, metallurgy, pottery, urban planning and access to clean water which shows their technological abilities were highly developed.
3. Artifacts like seals, weights, shell artwork and carefully constructed cities indicate the Indus Civilization had sophisticated tools and technical knowledge.
The Indus River Valley civilization was protected by deserts and mountains. They had a monarchy form of government led by rulers called Rajahs and priests. The society had a merchant class and engaged in extensive trade of goods. While they did not prefer war, they made tools and weapons from bronze. The civilization eventually declined due to earthquakes, floods from monsoon rains, and the shifting of the Indus River which disrupted trade.
The Indus Valley Civilization began during the Bronze Age between 2500 BC and 1500 BC in the Indus River valley region spanning modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had highly developed urban planning with large residential areas, wells, bathrooms, and an effective drainage system. The people practiced burial rituals, usually in a north-south orientation, and buried individuals with jewelry. The civilization declined around 1800 BCE for reasons that are still unclear but may have included flooding of the Saraswati River or other catastrophic events disrupting the agricultural economy and civic order.
1) The Indus Valley Civilization utilized many natural resources from the Indus River basin including timber for construction, fresh water for drinking and irrigation, and marine resources. Clay from the river was used to make bricks for building.
2) The Indus traded extensively, importing materials like carnelian, jade, turquoise and exporting goods such as cotton cloth, beads, and gems. Major trading partners included Mesopotamia and cities in Oman.
3) Ancient Egypt's primary natural resource was the Nile River which provided water, transportation and fertile soil. They also exploited stone, copper, flint and grew crops like papyrus and flax. Like the Indus, Egypt engaged in
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 6500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were home to over 50,000 people each and featured advanced architecture including defensive walls, well-planned streets, and sophisticated water and drainage systems. The Indus people cultivated wheat, barley and cotton and engaged in extensive trade. Though the civilization declined between 2000-1800 BCE for unknown reasons, it was highly advanced for its time period.
The document summarizes key aspects of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the discovery of major sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa and their advanced features like standardized town planning with broad streets and drainage systems. It outlines residential and public buildings, including the Great Bath. The civilization engaged in agriculture, trade, crafts like metalworking, and had social hierarchies reflected in ornaments. The document provides insights into the developed nature of this early civilization while its eventual decline remains unknown.
The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization in India, which is divided into Early (c. 3300-2600 BCE), Middle (c. 2600-1900 BCE), and Late (c. 1900-1200 BCE) periods. Some key sites of the Indus Valley Civilization included Dholavira, Mohenjo-daro, and Harappa. The Indus Valley Civilization developed urban planning, sewage systems, standardized weights and measures, and engaged in trade. However, the Indus script remains undeciphered, and many aspects of Indus Valley society and culture remain unknown.
Technology Of Indus Civilization Final PresentationJoyce Lee
1. The document discusses the advanced technologies used in the Indus Civilization including standardized weights, shell inlay, perforated pots, copper bangles, and grid-planned cities with wells and draining systems.
2. Archaeologists have found evidence that the Indus people had skills in bead making, metallurgy, pottery, urban planning and access to clean water which shows their technological abilities were highly developed.
3. Artifacts like seals, weights, shell artwork and carefully constructed cities indicate the Indus Civilization had sophisticated tools and technical knowledge.
The Indus River Valley civilization was protected by deserts and mountains. They had a monarchy form of government led by rulers called Rajahs and priests. The society had a merchant class and engaged in extensive trade of goods. While they did not prefer war, they made tools and weapons from bronze. The civilization eventually declined due to earthquakes, floods from monsoon rains, and the shifting of the Indus River which disrupted trade.
The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River around 2500 BCE. The Harappan civilization constructed cities out of mud bricks laid on a grid system with infrastructure like plumbing and sewage. Though the writing system of this civilization remains undeciphered, the cities were uniform in culture. The planning and culture of the early Indus cities still influence India today.
The Indus Valley Civilization was located along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. It developed an advanced urban planning system including standardized bricks and an effective sanitation system. The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks and had a literate population that developed one of the first writing systems.
The Indus Valley Civilization existed between 2700-2500 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some of the earliest cities included Harappa and Mohenjodaro, which had advanced town planning with structural buildings. The civilization engaged in economic activities like agriculture and trade, as evidenced by granaries and dockyards. They also developed arts and crafts while religious practices are not well understood before the civilization eventually declined.
The document summarizes the key civilizations that arose in India, China, and Southeast Asia. It describes the Indus civilization in India beginning around 3000 BCE based around irrigation in the Indus River valley. In China, the Shang civilization arose around 1500 BCE along the Yellow River valley, evidenced by bronze artifacts and oracle bone writings. Maritime kingdoms developed in Southeast Asia starting around 200 BCE, engaging in rice farming and international trade as evidenced by archaeological remains in port cities.
a 5 min presentation on Indus Valley civilization discussing its history, some geographical details, the lifestyle, religous beliefs and livelihood of the people.
The document provides information about the Indus Valley civilization, including its emergence around 2500 BCE in the Indus River valley region of South Asia. It describes the geography of the Indian subcontinent and key features like the Indus and Ganges rivers. Details are given about the sophisticated cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, their urban planning and infrastructure. The document also notes that little is known about Indus society due to the undeciphered writing system and discusses theories for the civilization's decline, including invasion by outsiders like the Aryans.
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban societies in world history. It flourished between 3300-1300 BC in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid out in grids and advanced sewage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of materials like carnelian and lapis lazuli. While the precise reasons are unknown, the Indus Valley Civilization began a gradual decline around 1800 BC due to ecological changes like drought or flooding, and may have faced invasion from Aryan groups, leading to the abandonment of major cities by 1300 BC.
The Indus Valley Civilization began around 2500 BCE and was one of the earliest civilizations, discovered in 1856. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had populations of around 40,000 people and were carefully planned with grid-like streets and drainage systems. Around 1500 BCE, Aryan groups migrated into the region, bringing their Vedic religion and social structures like the caste system. This helped contribute to the decline of the Indus civilization, though their cultures blended together to influence early Indian society.
The Indus River is one of the major rivers in Asia, flowing through Pakistan, India, and Tibet. It is over 3,000 km long and has historically supported important civilizations and agriculture along its banks. However, concerns exist that deforestation, pollution, climate change, and other human impacts are negatively affecting the river's ecosystem and agriculture. Efforts are needed to restore the river in order to ensure its long-term sustainability and benefits to people.
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
The Indus Valley Civilization was located in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large cities built with mud-brick houses along with sophisticated water and drainage systems. Trade was important, with goods imported and exported. While little is known about their culture and beliefs, the advanced nature of the IVC cities and infrastructure has led historians to describe it as one of the most advanced civilizations of its time. Preserving remains is important for continued research and study of this still mysterious Bronze Age society.
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age culture that developed around cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro along the Indus River around 2,000 BCE. It had sophisticated urban planning with standardized brick homes and streets laid out in grids. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a complex hydraulic infrastructure to support agriculture. It declined around 1,500 BCE possibly due to climate change and invasion by Indo-European peoples known as the Aryans. The Aryans gradually settled across northern India and established new social hierarchies like the caste system to organize society.
Mohen jo Daro Indus valley by ALI HYDER GADHI BALOCH ALI HYDER GADHI
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2600-1900 BC along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities of the civilization were Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The people developed sophisticated urban planning with standardized brick buildings, roads, and drainage systems. They traded extensively and produced crafts such as pottery, seals, toys, and jewelry. The civilization declined around 1900 BC for unknown reasons but left lasting cultural influences.
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C. in modern-day Pakistan and western India along the Indus River valley. The largest and most familiar archaeological site of this civilization is Mohenjo Daro. The Indus Valley civilization was one of the four ancient urban civilizations but was not discovered until the 1920s, and much of its ruins remain unexcavated. It developed sophisticated cities, an early form of writing that has yet to be deciphered, and extensive trade networks.
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which arose around 2700 BCE along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Two major cities of the civilization were Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, which had planned streets laid out in a grid pattern and structures like granaries, wells, and public baths. While much remains unknown about the Indus Valley civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeologists have uncovered evidence that its people engaged in agriculture, crafts like pottery, and may have mysteriously disappeared due to ecological disasters or invasions by other groups.
Comparative study of indus & vedic civilizationatul bhosekar
The Indus civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley, while the Vedic civilization developed later from 1500-500 BCE following the decline of the Indus civilization. The Indus civilization had well-planned urban areas while the Vedic civilization was more rural. Society changed from female-dominated and egalitarian in the Indus period to male-dominated and hierarchical with the caste system in the Vedic period. Religious practices also evolved from local nature worship to the developing Vedic rituals and scriptures.
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2,500 BC in what is now Pakistan and western India. It was first discovered in Harappa, and is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization. The document outlines topics that will be discussed, including the discovery of the civilization, its origins and geography, the nature of urbanization, trade and commerce, and theories about its decline.
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
Cities developed as centers of trade and cultural diffusion. Central governments were needed to oversee irrigation projects, ensure a steady food supply, create and uphold laws, defend citizens, and collect taxes. Complex religions involved gods controlling nature with priests conveying the gods' will, and it was important for everyone to keep the gods happy. Job specialization emerged as rapid technological advances made mastery of all skills impossible, so people focused on the tasks they were best at and artisans developed efficient techniques in their fields. Social classes ranked people based on their job importance, with priests and warriors typically considered most important. Writing originated with priests to create calendars and record offerings but was later used by governments to keep public records.
Confucianism was founded by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BC. It is an ethical and philosophical system recorded in The Analects that describes five basic hierarchical relationships and emphasizes virtues like benevolence and righteousness. Confucianism was influential as the official philosophy in China for over 2000 years and taught that individuals are educated through family relationships and the ruler leads by moral example.
The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River around 2500 BCE. The Harappan civilization constructed cities out of mud bricks laid on a grid system with infrastructure like plumbing and sewage. Though the writing system of this civilization remains undeciphered, the cities were uniform in culture. The planning and culture of the early Indus cities still influence India today.
The Indus Valley Civilization was located along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. It developed an advanced urban planning system including standardized bricks and an effective sanitation system. The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks and had a literate population that developed one of the first writing systems.
The Indus Valley Civilization existed between 2700-2500 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some of the earliest cities included Harappa and Mohenjodaro, which had advanced town planning with structural buildings. The civilization engaged in economic activities like agriculture and trade, as evidenced by granaries and dockyards. They also developed arts and crafts while religious practices are not well understood before the civilization eventually declined.
The document summarizes the key civilizations that arose in India, China, and Southeast Asia. It describes the Indus civilization in India beginning around 3000 BCE based around irrigation in the Indus River valley. In China, the Shang civilization arose around 1500 BCE along the Yellow River valley, evidenced by bronze artifacts and oracle bone writings. Maritime kingdoms developed in Southeast Asia starting around 200 BCE, engaging in rice farming and international trade as evidenced by archaeological remains in port cities.
a 5 min presentation on Indus Valley civilization discussing its history, some geographical details, the lifestyle, religous beliefs and livelihood of the people.
The document provides information about the Indus Valley civilization, including its emergence around 2500 BCE in the Indus River valley region of South Asia. It describes the geography of the Indian subcontinent and key features like the Indus and Ganges rivers. Details are given about the sophisticated cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, their urban planning and infrastructure. The document also notes that little is known about Indus society due to the undeciphered writing system and discusses theories for the civilization's decline, including invasion by outsiders like the Aryans.
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban societies in world history. It flourished between 3300-1300 BC in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid out in grids and advanced sewage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of materials like carnelian and lapis lazuli. While the precise reasons are unknown, the Indus Valley Civilization began a gradual decline around 1800 BC due to ecological changes like drought or flooding, and may have faced invasion from Aryan groups, leading to the abandonment of major cities by 1300 BC.
The Indus Valley Civilization began around 2500 BCE and was one of the earliest civilizations, discovered in 1856. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had populations of around 40,000 people and were carefully planned with grid-like streets and drainage systems. Around 1500 BCE, Aryan groups migrated into the region, bringing their Vedic religion and social structures like the caste system. This helped contribute to the decline of the Indus civilization, though their cultures blended together to influence early Indian society.
The Indus River is one of the major rivers in Asia, flowing through Pakistan, India, and Tibet. It is over 3,000 km long and has historically supported important civilizations and agriculture along its banks. However, concerns exist that deforestation, pollution, climate change, and other human impacts are negatively affecting the river's ecosystem and agriculture. Efforts are needed to restore the river in order to ensure its long-term sustainability and benefits to people.
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
The Indus Valley Civilization was located in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large cities built with mud-brick houses along with sophisticated water and drainage systems. Trade was important, with goods imported and exported. While little is known about their culture and beliefs, the advanced nature of the IVC cities and infrastructure has led historians to describe it as one of the most advanced civilizations of its time. Preserving remains is important for continued research and study of this still mysterious Bronze Age society.
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age culture that developed around cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro along the Indus River around 2,000 BCE. It had sophisticated urban planning with standardized brick homes and streets laid out in grids. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a complex hydraulic infrastructure to support agriculture. It declined around 1,500 BCE possibly due to climate change and invasion by Indo-European peoples known as the Aryans. The Aryans gradually settled across northern India and established new social hierarchies like the caste system to organize society.
Mohen jo Daro Indus valley by ALI HYDER GADHI BALOCH ALI HYDER GADHI
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2600-1900 BC along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities of the civilization were Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The people developed sophisticated urban planning with standardized brick buildings, roads, and drainage systems. They traded extensively and produced crafts such as pottery, seals, toys, and jewelry. The civilization declined around 1900 BC for unknown reasons but left lasting cultural influences.
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C. in modern-day Pakistan and western India along the Indus River valley. The largest and most familiar archaeological site of this civilization is Mohenjo Daro. The Indus Valley civilization was one of the four ancient urban civilizations but was not discovered until the 1920s, and much of its ruins remain unexcavated. It developed sophisticated cities, an early form of writing that has yet to be deciphered, and extensive trade networks.
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which arose around 2700 BCE along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Two major cities of the civilization were Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, which had planned streets laid out in a grid pattern and structures like granaries, wells, and public baths. While much remains unknown about the Indus Valley civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeologists have uncovered evidence that its people engaged in agriculture, crafts like pottery, and may have mysteriously disappeared due to ecological disasters or invasions by other groups.
Comparative study of indus & vedic civilizationatul bhosekar
The Indus civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley, while the Vedic civilization developed later from 1500-500 BCE following the decline of the Indus civilization. The Indus civilization had well-planned urban areas while the Vedic civilization was more rural. Society changed from female-dominated and egalitarian in the Indus period to male-dominated and hierarchical with the caste system in the Vedic period. Religious practices also evolved from local nature worship to the developing Vedic rituals and scriptures.
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2,500 BC in what is now Pakistan and western India. It was first discovered in Harappa, and is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization. The document outlines topics that will be discussed, including the discovery of the civilization, its origins and geography, the nature of urbanization, trade and commerce, and theories about its decline.
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
Cities developed as centers of trade and cultural diffusion. Central governments were needed to oversee irrigation projects, ensure a steady food supply, create and uphold laws, defend citizens, and collect taxes. Complex religions involved gods controlling nature with priests conveying the gods' will, and it was important for everyone to keep the gods happy. Job specialization emerged as rapid technological advances made mastery of all skills impossible, so people focused on the tasks they were best at and artisans developed efficient techniques in their fields. Social classes ranked people based on their job importance, with priests and warriors typically considered most important. Writing originated with priests to create calendars and record offerings but was later used by governments to keep public records.
Confucianism was founded by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BC. It is an ethical and philosophical system recorded in The Analects that describes five basic hierarchical relationships and emphasizes virtues like benevolence and righteousness. Confucianism was influential as the official philosophy in China for over 2000 years and taught that individuals are educated through family relationships and the ruler leads by moral example.
From the Sumerians through the Phoenicians and Persians, these are some of the innovations developed by the peoples and empire of this river valley region.
This document summarizes the revolutions that spread across Europe in 1830 and 1848 in response to conservative rule. In 1830, the Belgian people overthrew Dutch rule and established an independent liberal nation, while Polish nationalists rebelled against Russian, Prussian, and Austrian domination but were crushed. The revolutions of 1848 saw widespread unrest in Austria, Italy, Germany, and elsewhere as liberals and nationalists demanded constitutions, representative governments, and independence from foreign control. However, conservative forces were often able to regain control with military force and suppress revolutionary activities.
The document summarizes the Latin American wars for independence from Spanish rule in the early 19th century. It describes growing discontent among creoles, mestizos, and mulattos under Spanish rule. It also discusses how the invasion of Spain by Napoleon inspired independence movements. Key leaders like Bolivar and San Martin led revolts across South America, while Hidalgo, Morelos, and Iturbide did so in Mexico. These revolts ultimately led to independence for nations like Mexico, Central American countries, and countries across South America. However, the new nations did not always bring desired social changes.
The document provides an overview of major Chinese dynasties from Shang to Qing. It discusses the origins and developments of each dynasty, including the Shang establishing cities and writing, the Zhou establishing a feudal system, the Qin developing a centralized government, the Han introducing Confucianism and expanding trade through the Silk Road, the Tang reaching a cultural high point and inventing gunpowder, the Song establishing a large bureaucracy, the Yuan conquering China under Kublai Khan, the Ming trying to erase Mongol influence, and the Qing taking power from the Manchus but eventually being weakened by foreign intervention.
ANCIENT INDIAN ARCHITECTURE -INDUSVALLEY CIVILIZATION AND VEDIC AGENajiaSyefa
history of indian architecture - indusvalley civilization , the vedic age , timeline of evolution of religion in india and how it affected the architecture of the ancient india.
The tale of civilizations11 /ICSE 5th class syllabusindianeducation
This document provides an overview of early civilizations and their development. It describes how early humans discovered fire and domesticated animals, allowing them to gain more control over nature. Agriculture further increased independence and confidence. Major early scientific developments included the invention of the wheel, discovery of metals and tools. River valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and the Indus River valley civilization in India developed more advanced cultures with systems of government, religion, architecture, professions and trade. The Indus River valley civilization spanned several large cities along the Indus River between 1700 BC to 2500 BC, but later declined for unknown reasons.
The beginnings of human society, global 9th 2014 15nissangoldberg
Archaeologists and anthropologists study prehistoric times through excavating artifacts and observing human cultures. Archaeologists have divided prehistory into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age based on tools. Early human discoveries include Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, and Lucy. Neanderthals, Cro-Magnons, and cave paintings at Lascaux provide insights into Paleolithic nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. The Neolithic Era introduced agriculture, animal domestication, and settled villages. Early civilizations emerged in river valleys with cities, governments, jobs specialization, social classes, religions, and writing systems.
Cultural and heritage tourism focuses on experiencing and learning about the cultural aspects of destinations, including historical, artistic, scientific, and lifestyle elements. This includes festivals, performing arts, traditions, gastronomy, religious sites, and more. Some key challenges to cultural heritage conservation in less developed areas include financial constraints, private ownership of historic buildings that limits preservation, and human habitation that can degrade heritage sites over time through pollution and wear.
The document provides an introduction to world history, including key terms and concepts. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson. It also outlines some of the biggest achievements in world history, such as the invention of tools, language, and wheels. Additionally, it introduces the four early river valley civilizations that arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China due to fertile land and water resources.
The document summarizes the emergence of early civilizations. It notes that the first civilizations developed around four major river valleys in Asia and Africa, including the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, the Nile River in Egypt, the Indus River in India, and the Yellow River in China. These river valleys provided water for agriculture and transportation to support large populations. As populations grew, governments organized to manage irrigation, defense, and other projects. Religion and government became closely intertwined, with rulers seen as representatives of the gods. Specialized occupations developed in cities, and systems of writing were invented for record keeping by officials, priests, merchants and others.
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished around 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had advanced architecture with standardized brick sizes and street layouts, as well as water and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of materials like copper, bronze and ivory. Though no religious buildings have been found, seals depict gods and evidence suggests religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. The Indus people developed innovative techniques in metallurgy, craft-making, and agriculture along the Indus River.
The document provides an introduction to world history, including key terms and concepts. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson. It also outlines some of the biggest achievements in world history, such as the invention of tools, language, and wheels. Additionally, it introduces the four early river valley civilizations that arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China due to fertile land and water resources. Key terms related to these early civilizations are also defined.
The Stone Age | River Valley Civilisation MDZAFARHASIB
Here you will learn about the stone age and the rive valley civilisation . Why the early civilisation lived beside the river ? You will get to know all basic concept about history.
***Want video on this click below
https://youtu.be/r5WEHcLjRSs
Righting a Sinking Ship - Transforming Municipal Cemeteriesgmcassoc
The document summarizes the process of transforming Austin's municipal cemeteries through a master planning process. It discusses how in 2012, issues with cemetery management were acknowledged and a planning process began to address community concerns. Over 70 community outreach efforts were made to develop the draft master plan, which provides guidelines for managing each cemetery and recommendations for funding, programming, and oversight. The plan aims to repair deteriorated conditions, engage the community, and activate the cemeteries in a respectful manner.
TOWN PLANNING unit 1. on town settlement for better urban planningRiyaVerma969022
Town planning aims to maximize economy, convenience and beauty in the layout of land, buildings and transportation routes. Ancient Indian texts like the Vedas and manuals discussed principles of town planning like prioritizing river banks as settlement sites and orienting main streets east-west. Ancient Indian towns commonly followed grid, radial or organic patterns, with features like a boundary wall and streets arranged in rectangular blocks or oriented towards a central hub. Dandaka and Swastika type plans divided land into rectangular or diagonal plots.
Indus valley civilisation | Detail Analysis | Early civilisation MDZAFARHASIB
The document provides details about the Indus Valley Civilization:
(1) It developed over 5,000 years ago along the Indus River valley and extended throughout parts of modern day Pakistan and North India. (2) Important sites include Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Dholavira, which had well-planned cities with drainage systems and baked brick homes. (3) The civilization began declining around 1900 BCE possibly due to environmental factors like drought or flooding.
The document discusses cultural heritage tourism. It begins with introducing the topic and defining cultural heritage tourism as traveling to experience authentic places and activities that represent the stories and people of the past and present. This includes historic, cultural, and natural resources. The document then covers benefits of cultural heritage tourism, trends in the industry, five principles of cultural heritage tourism, and a four step process to develop cultural heritage tourism.
INDUS VALLEY and its historic background.pptAliAzharRajput
1. The Indus River Valley Civilization consisted of two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were centrally planned with fortresses, a grid layout, and advanced infrastructure like baked brick homes, water and sewage systems, and granaries.
2. Both cities displayed a uniform culture and advanced architecture, agriculture, crafts and trade networks, though the language remains undeciphered, suggesting a highly organized society and economy.
3. The civilization began declining around 1750 BCE due to environmental factors, and was ultimately replaced by Aryan groups entering the region by 1500 BCE.
The document outlines the 5 key components of social studies: geography, history, culture and society, civics and government, and economics. It provides definitions and examples for each component. Geography includes the 5 themes of location, human-environment interactions, place, regions, and movement. History involves studying the past, famous people, and important events. Culture and society examines the traditions, beliefs, and behaviors of groups. Civics and government looks at leadership, laws, and how countries are run. Economics focuses on money, finances, industries, and spending. Related vocabulary terms are also defined for each component and theme.
local history history of local history.pptxSimranBharti23
This document provides an overview of local history. It defines local history as writings focusing on specific small geographical areas, often produced by non-professional historians. It describes the development of local history in the 18th-19th centuries when local elites wrote local histories, and the impact of industrialization which led local educated people to record regional histories. Key tools and methods for writing local history are discussed, including archives, interviews, site visits and clear chronological narratives. The importance of local history is outlined as providing a sense of identity, preserving heritage, and supporting education, community cohesion, and tourism.
The document discusses various aspects of ancient Egyptian culture, including their religion, burial practices, and advances in art, writing and science. It describes how the Egyptians built elaborate temples to honor their many gods and how priests performed daily rituals. It also explains that the Egyptians developed an elaborate mummification process and buried the dead with possessions to help them in the afterlife. Finally, it outlines the Egyptians' contributions to art, including detailed paintings and large statues, as well as their early writing systems and knowledge of mathematics, geometry and medicine.
This document discusses the importance of rivers and seas in early civilizations. Rivers provided water for irrigation, allowing for easy transportation of water and the growth of crops. The dependable water supply and fertile soil from annual flooding encouraged people to settle into villages along rivers. As villages grew, not all residents needed to farm for subsistence, allowing specialization of jobs and the formation of social classes. This led to the development of early civilizations with features like centralized governments, public works, writing systems, organized religions, and urban cities. Sumer is highlighted as one of the earliest civilizations, consisting of independent city-states along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia, with cities like Ur serving
History of india and indian national movementManish Kumàr
This document provides an overview of the history of India from prehistoric times through the Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the Stone Age periods (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and tools used. The Mesolithic saw domestication of animals and early farming. The Neolithic brought polished stone tools, farming, domestication of cattle, pottery, painted designs. The Chalcolithic period added copper tools. It then details the Indus Valley Civilization from 2500-1700 BC, including major sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, and elaborates on aspects of their advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and use of burnt bricks.
This document discusses sociology of architecture and culture. It defines culture and its various elements including norms, values, symbols, beliefs, rituals, language, and stories. It also discusses concepts such as cultural identity, diversity, ethnocentrism, relativism, and universals. The document then covers topics of social and cultural change including definitions, characteristics, patterns, and various factors that can drive change such as technological developments, demographic shifts, natural events, and socio-economic changes. Finally, it examines sources of resistance to social change such as habits, religion, misunderstanding, fear of the unknown, and issues with new inventions.
Reconstruction aimed to politically and economically rebuild the South after the Civil War. Lincoln's lenient Ten Percent Plan failed due to congressional opposition. Andrew Johnson also pursued a lenient presidential reconstruction, opposing civil rights for freedmen. Johnson vetoed the Freedman's Bureau Bill and Civil Rights Act of 1866. In response, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, dividing the South into military districts overseen by the Union and protecting freedmen's civil rights. Southern resistance emerged through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violent groups like the KKK. Reconstruction declined due to northern corruption, economic troubles, and the Compromise of 1877 which ended federal protection and allowed white "Redemption" in the South.
The document outlines several long-term causes that contributed to sectionalism and tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. This included economic differences, with the North being more industrial and urban while the South relied on agriculture and slavery. Attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery spreading to new territories, such as the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, failed to resolve the core disagreements and in some cases exacerbated tensions. Key events like the Dred Scott decision and the election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery, increased Southern fears and led several states to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election, marking the start of the Civil War.
The document discusses the three aspects of Reconstruction - political, economic, and social rebuilding - and how they differed. It then examines Abraham Lincoln's lenient reconstruction plan, Andrew Johnson's more lenient presidential reconstruction plan, and the Radical Republican's harsher Reconstruction Act of 1867. The act divided the South into military districts and imposed requirements to rejoin the Union. However, southern resistance through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violence like the Ku Klux Klan undermined Reconstruction. Northerners eventually lost interest due to corruption scandals and economic troubles. The disputed 1876 election was resolved by the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 1 v2.pptxMatthew Caggia
An introduction to Economics. Thinking like an economist is different than more conventional, everyday thinking. We may use the same words but use them differently, or we may use the same ideas and use different terms.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 2 New Look.pptxMatthew Caggia
The document discusses key concepts of economic systems and economic thinking. It explains that people create economic systems to influence choices and incentives. It also discusses that people gain from voluntary trade, that people's choices have consequences for the future, and that economic thinking involves considering marginal changes. The document tests the reader's understanding of these concepts.
This document discusses the song "Strange Fruit" and its history and impact. It describes how teacher Abel Meeropol wrote the poem after seeing a photograph of a lynching, publishing it under a pseudonym. Jazz singer Billie Holiday later set it to music, performing it and bringing attention to its graphic imagery depicting lynchings in the South and condemnation of Jim Crow laws. Though initially a protest song, over time it has come to memorialize a tragic period in history, while still felt as emotionally powerful by listeners today across different genres of music that have covered the song.
The document outlines 10 principles of economics according to a chapter on the main ideas of economics. It discusses that economics studies human behavior in relation to scarcity and trade-offs between unlimited wants and limited resources. It also explains that people respond rationally by acting in their perceived best interest and considering opportunity costs when making decisions. Finally, it discusses how people interact through markets and trade, and how governments and monetary policy can impact an overall economy's production and standard of living.
The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 provided land grants to states to establish colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 encouraged the building of the transcontinental railroad, which was completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah. The Homestead Act and new technologies like the windmill, seed drill, and barbed wire encouraged western expansion by making farming on the Great Plains possible. The Morrill Acts established land grant colleges that still educate farmers today.
6 important events of the Civil War. Many would argue that there are many more important events or there are others that may be more important - and could not disagree - but these events get to t he heart of what we need to know for the EOC.
The document outlines both long term and immediate causes of the Civil War, including the key differences between the economies and views on slavery in the North and South regions, several attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery and new western territories in the 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1850 Compromise, and 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, the violence in "Bleeding Kansas" as both sides fought over the slavery issue in the new state, the 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision denying black citizenship and Congress's right to regulate slavery, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which caused southern states to begin seceding from the Union out of fears he would end slavery.
Supreme Court Cases - For Florida US HistoryMatthew Caggia
The quickest of reviews of the main ideas regarding 10 Supreme Court Cases to prepare, last minute, for the Florida, US History, End of Course (EOC) Exam.
1. Businesses need labor as both a factor of production and to create demand from workers' wages.
2. Labor unions aim to improve wages and conditions for workers by giving them more negotiating power collectively than as individuals. They operate at local, national, and international levels.
3. Collective bargaining involves negotiation between union and management representatives to reach a compromise agreement, and may include mediation or arbitration if negotiation fails. Both sides use various tactics like strikes or lockouts to achieve their goals during disputes.
The Holocaust began in 1933 with the establishment of Dachau concentration camp and the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses. Over the next several years, the Nazi regime passed numerous anti-Jewish laws that stripped Jews of their rights and freedoms. Events like the book burnings of 1933 and Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938 increased the persecution of Jews. The Wannsee Conference in 1942 formalized the "Final Solution" which systematized the genocide of European Jews through ghettos, concentration camps, forced labor camps, transit camps, and killing centers.
Introduction to Demand and the difference between Demand and Quantity Demanded. Including the impact prices have on Quantity and the Determinants of Demand.
2. DAY 1: CONCLUSIONS
• spring thaw brought fresh water to
rivers and tributaries
• Agriculture is possible due to the
flooding rivers
• Flooding from the rivers can be
deadly to people surrounding cities
• mountains provided many resources,
such as timber, animal products and
minerals
• Mountains isolated the region from
other parts of the world
• mountains are perilous to cross
• limited the ability for invasion from
outsiders
• limited cultural diffusion
3. DAY 2: CONCLUSIONS
• Standard Weights
• trade existed
• indicates a centralized government
• may indicate that there is a currency
utilized in this civilization
• variety of material used for the
weights show abundance of minerals
must have been mined
• hanging decorations were used
• stone tools were used as technology
• variety of crafts/tools indicates a class of
craftsmen/artisans in the city
• Stoneworking was an important skill
• Concentration of weights, tools, and
ornaments indicate market may have
existed here
4. DAY 3: CONCLUSIONS
• this civilization had a writing
system
• animals and symbols may be
of religious significance
• depictions may be of stories
or tales important to their
culture
• some skill with
carving/engraving and
stonework was necessary
5. DAY 4: CONCLUSIONS
• public works are indicated by the
system of roads
• geometry and architecture are
evident in their buildings
• a class of masons must have
existed
• irrigation and plumbing/sewage
system existed in people’s homes
• physics must have been known
to facilitate the plumbing
• central planning by an organized
government created the
geometric city plan
6. DAY 5: CONCLUSIONS
• hygiene and appearance must have
been important due to the bathing
facilities
• irrigation and sewage
• good use of space may be the result of
central planning
• communal sewer system is more
evidence of public works
7. DAY 6: CONCLUSIONS
• animals are significant in everyday life and/or
religion
• oxen may be representative of their leaders,
so may images may mean a pride in their
leaders
• skilled artisans in carving/engraving
8. DAY 7: CONCLUSIONS
• possible religious significance used for worship in
the home
• indications of organized religion as these are
found in most homes
• believed in beauty