The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C. in modern-day Pakistan and western India along the Indus River valley. The largest and most familiar archaeological site of this civilization is Mohenjo Daro. The Indus Valley civilization was one of the four ancient urban civilizations but was not discovered until the 1920s, and much of its ruins remain unexcavated. It developed sophisticated cities, an early form of writing that has yet to be deciphered, and extensive trade networks.

1. Pakistan Studies
University of Gujrat
Muhammad Kashif Ali

4. The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C.
in the western part of South Asia, in what today is
Pakistan and western India. It is often referred to as
Harappan Civilization after its first discovered city,
Harappa.
The nearby city of Mohenjo Daro is the largest and most
familiar archaeological dig in this region.
The Indus Valley was home to the largest of the four
ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India
(modern day Pakistan) and China. This ancient
civilization was not discovered until the 1920's. Most of
its ruins, including major cities, remain to be excavated.

5. This civilization is
still mysterious.
The writing has not
been deciphered or
translated.
This was greater in
area compare to
other civilizations.

6. We do know the
cities were
sophisticated enough
to have brick walls
surrounding them for
protection against
flooding from the
Indus River.

7. Developed written language
Division of labor within the culture
Ruled as a theocracy
Conducted thriving trade

9. Artifacts from Indus Valley Civilization
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

10. Just like the other river
valley civilizations, the
Indus river valley
people were mostly
farmers.
Traditional economy
was farming/agriculture
They did trade with
Chinese and with
Sumerians
(Mesopotamians).

11. Natural Disaster: The river may have changed course,
heavy rain fall due to monsoon
The people may have overworked the land
(overcutting trees, overgrazed, over farmed land)
Invaders (Aryan migrations from 2000 BCE to 1500
BCE)