Inductive and deductive method of teaching
It is generally starts from the specific to general. This method is generally known as Statistical Method, Scientific Methods and Empirical Method It quite popular method for framing generalisation. In this method we proceed from Known/ Concrete to Unknown/ Abstract
"Inductive & Deductive method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference.
Introduction
Objectives
Need of Lesson Planning
Approaches to Lesson Planning
Course and Unit Planning
Daily and Weekly Planning
Steps in Lesson Planning
The Lesson Plan Format
Self-Assessment Questions
References
"Inductive & Deductive method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference.
Introduction
Objectives
Need of Lesson Planning
Approaches to Lesson Planning
Course and Unit Planning
Daily and Weekly Planning
Steps in Lesson Planning
The Lesson Plan Format
Self-Assessment Questions
References
an introduction and concept of micro-teachingGunjan Verma
Micro-teaching is a teacher training and faculty development technique whereby the teacher reviews a recording of a teaching session, in order to get constructive feedback from peers and/ or students about what has worked and what improvements can be made to their teaching technique.
Teaching of a small unit of content to the small group of students (6-10 number) in a small amount of time (5-10 min.) is called microteaching.
analytic method is a method of discovery,logical,develops thinking and reasoning abilities of students.
synthetic method is a method of elegant presentation.
one should begin with analytic method and proceed with deduction.
The Complete List of Teaching Methods and Strategies.pdfChloe Cheney
Here is a complete list of teaching methods are strategies. Knowledge of both is essential to building a career in the teaching field. Learn this all and how to prepare for a lecture.
"Heuristic Method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
an introduction and concept of micro-teachingGunjan Verma
Micro-teaching is a teacher training and faculty development technique whereby the teacher reviews a recording of a teaching session, in order to get constructive feedback from peers and/ or students about what has worked and what improvements can be made to their teaching technique.
Teaching of a small unit of content to the small group of students (6-10 number) in a small amount of time (5-10 min.) is called microteaching.
analytic method is a method of discovery,logical,develops thinking and reasoning abilities of students.
synthetic method is a method of elegant presentation.
one should begin with analytic method and proceed with deduction.
The Complete List of Teaching Methods and Strategies.pdfChloe Cheney
Here is a complete list of teaching methods are strategies. Knowledge of both is essential to building a career in the teaching field. Learn this all and how to prepare for a lecture.
"Heuristic Method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
VARIOUS METHODS ARE USED IN TEACHING LECTURE METHOD,LECTURE CUM DEMONSTRATION ,HEURISTIC ,PROJECT, ETC.
LESSON PLANNING AND UNIT PLANNING ARE ALSO EXPLAINED IN THIS PPT.
The term “Schema” was first used in psychology and was defined as “an active organization of past reactions or experiences”. A Schemata is a generalized description or a conceptual system for understanding knowledge-how knowledge is represented and how it is used.
Culture gives information that can serve to explain why people behave in a certain way. Culture will help us to understand the reasons behind people’s behaviours. The culture into which a child is born acts in more fundamental ways as the means of knowing. As knowing is a meaning making process the meanings to the concepts are provided by the language of the society and the cultural context. Language is a good indicator of how a culture is.
Relative Roles of Knower and the Known in knowledge transmission and construc...Kshetrimayum Sajina Devi
Knowledge creation involves systematisation of various facts through dynamic interaction between individuals and the environment. The capability to increase and utilize the knowledge is considered most advantageous to an individual. The process of knowing is a personalised individual task that is influenced by experience and unintentional contextual cues.
It helps in developing the power of expression of the students.
It is help to ascertain the personal difficulties of the students.
It provide a check on preparation of assignments.
It can be used by teacher to maintain discipline in class.
It is used to promote thinking skill of the student.
It is used to draw attention in the class.
The process of knowing is explicate and explains to a large extent the meaning and also the nature of knowledge. Knowing happens through perception, reason, emotion, and codification.
Knowledge is an organized set of statement of fact or ideas, presenting a reasoned judgment or an experimental result, which is transmitted to others through some communication medium is some systematic form. Knowledge consists of new judgments (Research and Scholarship) or presentation of older judgments as exemplified in text books, teaching and learning and collected as library and archival material
Knowledge construction is a dialectical process, which involves systematisation of various facts through dynamic interactions between individuals and the environment. Knowledge creation is a spiral that goes through seemingly opposing concepts such as order and chaos, micro-macro, part-whole, mind and body, tacit and explicit, deduction and induction, and creativity-efficiency. There is need to understand that knowledge creation is a transcending process through which entities (individuals, groups, and institutions) go beyond the boundary of the old into a self-acquiring new knowledge. Learners work with their knowledge such that they link their new knowledge to their existing knowledgebase.
Inquiry-based learning is a learning and teaching approach that emphasizes students’ questions, ideas and observations. Instructors actively encourage students to share their thoughts and to respectfully challenge, test and redefine ideas. With inquiry-based learning, instructors and students share responsibility for learning.
Different Facets of Knowledge and Relationship between Local
Information or knowledge limited to a state or community or to a fixed area is called
local knowledge.
Knowledge accepted by all the people of the world and is common to all is referred to as universal knowledge.
Differences Between Information, Knowledge, Belief and Truth
The term information is generally described as the structured, organized and processed data, presented with the context, which makes it relevant and useful to the person who wants it. When raw data turn out to be meaningful after conversion it is known as information. It is something that informs in essence
Concrete knowledge is as the name suggests. It involves only those things, which are visible to the human eye and are obvious to anybody looking at them. Concrete knowledge is empirical knowledge gained by one’s own experience and observation. Sensory organs are the gateway of knowledge, with the help of which a child perceives by seeing, smelling, hearing, and touching. Such knowledge is called concrete knowledge.
Abstract knowledge can be explained as the manner of thinking, and its concentration is on conceptualisation or generalisation. Abstract knowledge involves the much deeper, wider, and multitude of meanings of a single concept or idea, which can arouse other issues that were never seen or discussed before.
Bruner’s theory attaches importance to the prior knowledge of the students. Due to this, the ideas of scientific principles are also given importance in education. It develops the Logical Thinking of the students.
On the basis of this, the memory and imagination power of the students are developed. It provides opportunities for the students to come to a conclusion by doing activities on their own. Due to this, creativity skills are developed in the students.
These ideas of Bruner are given an important place in the education world.
This psychological theory of learning is a good way to make the present modern teaching-learning process effective.
Discussion as a tool for learning - Discussion is often use in classroom. It promotes creativity as well as generate meaningful interaction and understanding for the learner.
Questioning skills helps in having successful relationship between the teachers and students and it will help to gain more information in the teaching learning process.
Analytical approaches to NEP 2020 Teacher Education -
A detail analysis on the NEP 2020 programme for Teacher Education to understand by the reader about the programme
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Inductive method
• It is generally starts from the specific to general. This method is
generally known as Statistical Method, Scientific Methods and
Empirical Method It quite popular method for framing generalisation.
In this method we proceed from Known/ Concrete to Unknown/
Abstract
3. Definitions
• Keynes, “ Inductive method is to establish laws on the basis of
examples or instance.”Miller, “Induction is a process of reaching
general conclusions from particular instances.”William Gee,
“Inductive method is a process of reasoning from particular to general
or from individual to Universal.”
4. Types of Induction Method
•
Experimental Inductive Method, Statistical Inductive Method
• Experimental Inductive Method
In this method Principles, theories and laws are tested by its
application to real life situation or through their real life application in
natural settings.
• Statistical Inductive Method
In this method Principles, theories and laws are formulated on the
basis of statistical analysis.
5. Steps of Inductive method
• Steps of Inductive Method
1. Collection of evidences/ data:by observationsurvey and Inspections2.
Formulation of hypothesis:Student with the help of teacher form hypothesis or
tentative solutions of the problem
• Steps of Inductive Method
3. Discrimination and analysis: Discriminate the factors on the basis of Similarities
and Differences in variables and factors And do analysis of the situation 4.
Generalisation and Abstraction: On the basis of similarities of trends of a
particular Phenomena student reach on generalisation about some principles,
theories and Laws
• Steps of Inductive Method
5.Verification:Students do effort to verify the truth of the principles, laws and
theories in the similar situation at different time.6. Application/
Prediction:Verified principle then recommended to apply in real life situationOr
prediction are made about the phenomena
6. Role of a teacher
• ROLE OF THE TEACHER :A guide, friend and philosopherHelps the students in
developing tools of data collection. Assist students to Generate
Resources(Financial and Material) . Help to formulate Hypothesis: Assist the
students to formulate hypothesis which are feasible and viable as per resources
and time limitations. To organize data: During execution of the project teacher
should help the students to organize raw data in meaningful way..
• ROLE OF THE TEACHER To allocate the duties . Supervise the progress of project
work. Encourages his students to work collectively, and co-operatively. Help his
students to avoid and correct mistakes. He makes it a point that each member of
the group should contributed something to the completion of the project. Help to
draw inferences .Evaluation: Evaluation of the Project work and Reports
submitted by the Group.
• ROLE OF THE TEACHER Maintenance of Record for timely review and Future
Consultation: Teacher should assess the Strength and weakness of the Project
task: Feed back and appraisal: Concluding remarks and Submissions:
7. Advantages
Psychological laws of learning: It is a method of teaching based on psychological laws of
learning.Students centered: It is students centered and provide scope to entertain
Individual Differences( Interest, Capacity and Aptitude).Active Participation: in this method
students Take active ParticipationDevelop spirit of cooperation/ Cooperative Venture: It
imbibes the spirit of cooperation as it is a cooperative venture.
Stimulates interest: Stimulates interest in natural as also man made situations.Arouse
interest: A project can be used to arouse interest in a particular topics as it blends school
life with outside world.Develops Curiosity: By keeping students busy it helps to arouse
Curiosity.Natural Method for Innovative Discoveries:Permanent Learning: Self-acquired
permanent learning
Realistic and practical in nature:
Induction method collect evidences form real life so it is more realistic and practical in
natureDynamic in Nature:This method has dynamic approach to establish and reject
hypothesis. Whole process can be repeated many a time till reframe the Theory.Good
Relationship
8. Limitations
• It is a time consuming method.
It is a very costly method as it involves tours, excursions, purchase of
apparatus and equipments etc.Less Scope:All topics are not able to
teach through this method.Not for all Age Groups:It is not applicable
for all school age groups.Literature is not available:Good textbooks on
these lines have not yet been produced.Wrong generalization:There is
possibility that students may draw wrong generalisationsNon-
conclusive: Method is not absolutely Conclusive due to human factor
there is involvement of probability
9. Deductive method of teaching
• Introduction: Deduction starts with known generalizations or Theory
to verify the Facts/instances/ specific; This method is generally move
from abstract/unknown to concrete/known. It quite popular method
to verify the Theories/instances/specific.
• It is just the opposite of inductive method.
• General to specific.
10. Definitions
• Keynes, “ Deductive method is to reach at specific conclusion
assuming establish laws as basis.”Miller, “Deduction is a method of
using a general principle to reach at specific conclusions.”William
Gee, “By deductive method is meant a reasoning from general to
particular or from Universal to individual.”
11. Steps of Deductive Method
• 1. Presentation of general Principle: Teacher present the theory2.
Establish Relationship: between principles/ Theory and facts3. Collect
Data to test the truth : Students try to discover truthby verifying the
collected data.
12. Merits of deductive method
• Merits of the Method Supplementary to Inductive Method of Teaching: 1. It help
to complete the Inductive method by supplement the process2. Economical: easy
to present established theory and explain the basicconcept3. Less Burden on
Teacher: they just narrate the theory and students memorize it. 4. Mostly used
Method: Small children to know fact even adult learn thorough this method at
pace.5. More Scope: Applicable for all concept, at all stage and for all type of
students.6. No Fear of Wrong Conclusion: No change to reach on wrong
conclusion
• Merits of the Method 7. Weightage to Memory: In this method Students has to
memories the facts without going for deep understanding. 8. Provide Pace: For
completion of curriculum. 9. Suitable for Prediction: Teacher and Students can
predict. 10. Verification of theories and facts: 11. Suitable for Social Sciences:
According to Gide and Rist, “This method is suitable for social sciences especially
for political economy where experiment is impossible, deductive approach is
suitable to draw conclusion.” 12. Time Saving. 13. Save Energy and Efforts:
13. Demerits of the Deductive Method
• 1. Encourage Cramming: 2.Discourage Heuristic Attitude: 3. Lack of
Pupil Participation: 4. Un-psychological: not consider Individual
Differences 5. Unnatural: All Students are not able to think in abstract
without concrete Ideas/Experience.6. Spoon Feeding:7. Difficult to
Understand: Difficult for beginner to understand abstract Idea8.
Unscientific: Because approach in confirmatory not Explanatory9. No
Originality: not a method of discovery, it is a method of
presentation10. Not Nurture Creativity:11.Un- Interesting
