This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
The first stage of labor and birth occurs when you begin to feel regular contractions, which cause the cervix to open (dilate) and soften, shorten and thin (effacement). This allows the baby to move into the birth canal. The first stage is the longest of the three stages.
This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
The first stage of labor and birth occurs when you begin to feel regular contractions, which cause the cervix to open (dilate) and soften, shorten and thin (effacement). This allows the baby to move into the birth canal. The first stage is the longest of the three stages.
Normal Labour & Nursing Management of First stage of LabourNeha Parmar
Definition of normal labor, Terminology , events of labour, causes of labour, signs , stages of labour , signs and symptoms of labour, diagnosis in first stage of labour, Partograph, difference between true labour and false labour ,nursing management of first stage of labour.
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
this is the first part of my FACE PRESENTATION.this ppt contains all the required content for a face presentation and mechanism of labour in face presntation and also for diagnosis i uploaded another ppt. the main objective of my ppt is the viewers shouldn't get bored of what we say this is simplified yet professional .. have a look at it and enjoy, thank you.
Normal Labour & Nursing Management of First stage of LabourNeha Parmar
Definition of normal labor, Terminology , events of labour, causes of labour, signs , stages of labour , signs and symptoms of labour, diagnosis in first stage of labour, Partograph, difference between true labour and false labour ,nursing management of first stage of labour.
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
this is the first part of my FACE PRESENTATION.this ppt contains all the required content for a face presentation and mechanism of labour in face presntation and also for diagnosis i uploaded another ppt. the main objective of my ppt is the viewers shouldn't get bored of what we say this is simplified yet professional .. have a look at it and enjoy, thank you.
Pre-labor rupture of membranes (PROM), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor.
Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina.
If it occurs before 37 weeks it is known as PPROM (‘preterm’ prelabour rupture of membranes) otherwise it is known as term PROM.
Breast & it's problems and treatment made by sonal Patelsonal patel
Breast & it's problems and treatment - Anatomy of Breast and Physiology of lactation , Breast Diseases - 1. bening breast problems, Breast Cancer, bening neoplastic lump made by sonal Patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional ...sonal patel
Antenatal Care Guideline- gestational Age Assessment,Early USG, Nutritional Supplements,, Food Acquired Infections,medicine, alcohol,smoking, Sexual Intercose avoid, Exercise, Clinical Screening in PPT made by sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, C...sonal patel
methods of Chromosomal Evaluation in Amniocentesis- Define, Time for test, Complications,and Chorionic Villus sampling ( CVS) , Risk of Procedure, Steps of Procedure in PPT -Define, Time for test made By sonal Patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiol...sonal patel
Amenorrhea - Define, Cause, Sign and Symptoms, Type- Pathological and Physiological Amenorrhea and It's Treatment and management, Cushing Syndrome - Define, Causes, Sign And Symptoms in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Abruptio placenta- Define, cause, sign and symptoms, Risk Factors, Incidence,pathology, Classification, Prevention and Treatment, management in PPT made by sonal Patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detecte...sonal patel
ABO-Rh Isoimmunisation in that The Basics of Blood, antibody can Be Detected,ABO Blood Group System,Rh Blood Group System,Pathogenesis Of Rh Isoimmunisation, Prevention and Management of ABO incompatibility in PPT made By Sonal Patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital ...sonal patel
Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding is type of Abnormal bleeding from the genital tract- Factore, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment in that one type DUB- Define, sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Management, hormonal Therapy in PPT made By sonal Patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth...sonal patel
Birth defect system according to System wise in that Respiratory System Birth defect, Cardiovascular System Birth defect,Digestive System Birth defect, Extremity Birth defect made by sonal Patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development o...sonal patel
Embryology-all basic definition,Stage wise development of fetus,development of Zygote stage ,development of Embrionic Stage ,development of Fetus Stage all are according week development,Amnione,chorion,Fetal layer, Umbilical Cord developmentmade By sonal Patel
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
5. Time, place & preparation
• Time of induction: Preferably early
morning
• Place of induction: where facility for
intervention and fetal monitoring is
available
• Preparation of Patient : Enema may be
given to patients prior to induction
8. Contraindications of
induction of labor
• Contracted pelvis and CPD
• Malpresentations
• Previous classical caesarean section &
hysterotomy
• Uteroplacental factors: unexplained
vaginal bleeding,vasa previa,placenta
previa
• Cord presentation,cord prolapse
• Active genital herpes infection,HIV
• Pelvic tumor
9. Factors to assess prior
to induction
Maternal
To confirm the
indication
Exclude the
contraindication
Assess Bishop
score
Assess pelvic
adequacy
Fetal
Ensure fetal
gestn age
Ensure fetal
presentation
Confirm fetal
well being
13. • Misoprostol (a prostaglandin E1 analogue) has several potential
advantages: it is stable at room temperature, it is relatively
inexpensive and it can be given via several routes (oral, vaginal,
sublingual, buccal). These properties make misoprostol an ideal
agent for induction of labour, particularly in settings where the
use of prostaglandin E2 is not possible owing to lack of
availability, facilities for storage, or financial constraints.
• Since the use of a powerful uterotonic such as misoprostol can
lead to adverse maternal and perinatal effects, it is important
to review the effectiveness and the side-effects of misoprostol
use in cervical priming and induction of labour. This commentary
evaluates three Cochrane reviews that sought to determine the
effectiveness and safety of misoprostol administered orally (3),
buccally (sublingually) (4), or vaginally (5) for third-trimester
cervical ripening and induction of labour.
14. Membrane sweeping
• Its possible only if the
cervix has ripened to allow
the passage of one finger.
• Insertion of a gloved
finger through the cervix
and it’s rotation against
the wall of the uterus.
• Its strips off the chorionic
membrane from the
underlying decidua
releases PGS
• Placenta previa should be
excluded, Accidental
amniotomy is a
disadvantage.
15. Amniotomy
• AROMstretching of the cervix & separation
of the membranes release of Prostaglandins
• Depends on the state of the cervix and station
of the presenting part
• ADV:High success rate and chance to see the
amniotic fluid
• DIS: cannot be applied in an unfavourable
cervix, possibility of cord prolapse
17. Prostaglandins
• Chemistry:PG is a carboxylic
acid synthetised from
arachidonic acid.
• Source: menstrual fluid,
endometrium, decidua and
amniotic membrane
TYPES
• PGE1 -amnion
• PGE2-amnion
• PGF2-decidua and
myometrium
• PGI2-myometrium
18. Mechanism of action
• It causes change in the
myometrial cell memb
permeablity and alteration
in the membrane bound
calcium
• It also sensitises the
mometrium to the oxytocin
• PGE2 has its collagenolytic
activityalter the ground
substance of cervixcx
ripening
20. How to give Misoprostol?
• Dose of 25 micro gram every 4hrly to a
maximum of 6 doses can be given
intravaginally
• Dose of 50micro gram every 3hrs to a
maximum of 6 doses can be given orally
• Dose of 25micro gram every 2hrs can
be given orally
• Other routes of administration:
1.Buccal
2.rectal
3.sublingual
21. Oral Vs vaginal Misoprostol
ORAL
• Less effective
when compared
to vaginal PG
• Chance of fetal
distress is less
VAGINAL
• More effective when
compared to oral
route
• Chance of fetal
distress is more
22. Dinoprostone
• Vaginal gel 0.5mg can be given
intracervically.
• It can be repeated after 6 hrs for 3
– 4 doses if required
• Vaginal tab 3 mg can be given in
the posterior fornix followed
by 3mg after 6-8 hrs to a
maximum dose of 6mg
• Vaginal pessary releasing
dinoprostone 10mg over
24hrs.It is removed when cx
ripening is adequate
23. Misoprostol Vs Dinoprostone
• Cheap & cost
effective
• Stable at room
temp
• Easy to
administer
• Costly
• Need
refrigeration
24. Advantages Disadvantages
• Misoprostol is
Cheap and has long
half life
• It is stable at room
temp
• Induction-delivery
interval is short
• Failure of induction
is less
• Powerful oxytoxic
effect irrespective
of gestation
• Side eff: Vomiting,
diarrhoea
• Bronchospasm
• Hyerstimulation of
uterus
• Tachysystole
• Fetal distress
• Rupture uterus
26. Oxytocin
• It’s a nanopeptide
synthetised in the supra
optic and paraventricular
nuclei of the hypothalamus.
• Half life of 3-4 mins and
duration of action 20 mins
• Oxytocin is used very
commonly to achieve
induction of labour.
• The objective is to produce
uterine contractions that
effectively produce cervical
change and descent of the
presenting part.
27. Mode of Action
1.It acts throgh the receptor and voltage
gated calcium channelmyometrial
contraction
2.It stimulates amniotic and decidual PG
production
Preparations
• Available in ampoules containing 5IU/ml
• Buccal tab containing 50IU/ml
• Nasal solution containing 40units/ml
Routes of administration:
• 1.I.V infusion
• Intra muscular
• Buccal tablets
• Nasal spray
28. How to give?
Maximum dose of oxytocin 5IU in
500ml of
fluid at the rate of 40drops /min
30. Oxytocin (syntocinon) should be used
with extreme caution in multiparous
women.
Oxytocin (syntocinon) should not be
started for six hours following
administration of vaginal prostaglandins
If a trial of labour is judged safe
then Oxytocin may be used.
Oxytocin should be used with caution
with a previous uterine scar.
Oxytocin should always be used in
conjunction with the partogram once in
established labour.
F
A
C
T
S
31. Advantages
• Cheaper and effective
• Easy titrable
Disadv:
.Needs refrigeration
.Effectiveness less with:
1. less Bishop score
2.IUD
3.lesser weeks of
pregnancy
32. Hazards of oxytocin
• Uterine hyperstimulation:
(Normal:3 contractions in 10 mins
each lasting for 45secs)
(>5 contractions in 10mins each
lasting for 1min)
• Water intoxication:It due to
anti diuretic action(30-
40IU/ml).Manifested by
hyponatremia,confusion,coma
and CCF
• Fetal distress
• Uterine rupture
• Hypotension
33. When to interrupt?
• When there is hyperstimulation
of uterus
• Fetal distress
• Signs of water
intoxication.(Occurs with the
max dose of 100 IU in the
interval of less than 24hrs
.clinically Manifested after
24hrs)
34. Oxytocin Vs Misoprostol
• Safe,cheap and
effective
• Unstable at room
temp
• Easily titrable
• Chance of fetal
distress is less
• More effective
near term
• Less effective
with less Bishop
score and in IUD
• Tablet form is
cheap& effective
• Stable at room
temp,PGE1-unstable
• Not titrable
• Chance of fetal
distress is more
• Effective
irrespective of
gestation
35. Failed Induction Of Labor
• If Amniotomy is still
impossible after a
maximum no. of doses of
Prostaglandins have been
given or
• If the cervix remains
uneffaced and <3cm
dilated after an
Amniotomy has been
performed &
• Oxytocin has been
running for 6-8hrs with
regular contractions
• Possible Causes
1. Placental Sulfatase
deficiency
2. Lack of Essential
Cytokines
37. CONCLUSION
During Induction of Labor,
• B enefits should be weighed,
• R isksshould be assessed,
• A lternatives should be considered,
• N ecessity of intervention adjudged &
• D ecision should be taken accordingly