Indian Railways is the fourth largest rail network in the world comprising 115,000 km of track. It carries over 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. Major ongoing projects include the Delhi and Mumbai Metro systems, high speed rail projects, station redevelopments, and the Dedicated Freight Corridor. The Chenab Bridge, part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link project, will be the tallest railway bridge in the world once completed, with a maximum height of 359 meters.

1. BY
VIJAY KUMAR
NORTHERN RAILWAY,
NEW DELHI
CIVIL
ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS
IN
INDIAN RAILWAYS

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned
enterprise, owned and operated by the
government of India through the Ministry of
Railways. It is one of the world's largest
railway networks comprising 115,000 km of
track over a route of 65,000 km and 7,100
stations.
ABOUT INDIAN
RAILWAY

4. In India first railway was built
between Mumbai and Thane in 1852
and the first passenger train ran
between the two stations, covering a
distance of 34 km, on April 16, 1853.

6. Metro Rail Map -Delhi

7. Metro Rail Map -Mumbai

8. Metro Rail Map -Kolkata

9. Metro Rail Map - Chennai

10. Metro Rail Map -Lucknow

11. Rapid Metro Rail Map -Gurgaon

12. Metro Rail Map - Kochi

13. Service provided
• Long Distance Passenger services:
– Indian Railways operates 14,300 passenger trains.
– It transports around 30 million passengers daily.
– Sikkim is the only state not connected by Rail.

14. Service provided
• Suburban Passenger Services:
– Many cities have their own dedicated suburban networks
to cater to commuters.
– Currently, suburban networks operate in Mumbai,
Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, Gurgaon and Jaipur.
– In Hyderabad, Kochi, Lucknow, Nagpur, Navi Mumbai
and Ahmadabad & Gandhinagar , Metro is under
Construction.

15. Service provided
•Freight Services:
– IR carry a huge variety of goods ranging from mineral
ores, agricultural produce, petroleum, milk, vehicles,
etc.

16. Indian Railways
Moving Ahead
Description 1950-51 2013-14
Route Kilometers - Total 53596 65,808
Route Kilometers - Electrified 388 21,614
Number of stations 5976 7,112
Locomotives-Steam 8124 43
Locomotives- Diesel 17 5,633
Locomotives- Electric 72 4,823
No. of employees (in thousand) 914 1,334
Passenger earnings (Rs. In crore) 98.2 36,532
Fuel Consumed - Coal (in thousand tonnes) 9504 1
Fuel Consumed - Diesel oil (in kilo-litres) N.A 27,80,900
Fuel Consumed - Electricity (million KWH) N.A 14,410

17. • Railway Network: India comes fourth with approx. 65,808 km of
rail route after US, Russia, and China.
• Distance Covered: The total distance covered by the 14300 trains
daily on the Indian Railways equals three & half times the distance
to moon.
• Passenger Load: The IR carries over 30 million passengers & 2.8
million tons freight daily.
Facts

18. • There are two UNESCO world heritage sites on IR the
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain Railways of India.
• Longest Platform: Indian Railways owns the longest railway
platform in the world at Gorakhpur ,Uttar Pradesh with a length of
4483 ft (1366.33 m).
• Fastest train in India: New Delhi-Agra Gatiman Express is the
fastest train in India (160 kmph).
Facts

19. Central Plan Outlay-2016-17
(by Heads of Development)
S.N. Sectors Capital Plan Outlay (Cr. of Rs.)
2016-17 2014-15
1 Transportation Railways 1,21,000 56,512
Roads & Bridges 1,00,413 34,529
Others 8,460 9,479
Total 2,29,873 1,00,520
2 Energy Power 94,388 59,930
Petroleum 87,027 79,970
Others 24,462 37,912
Total 2,05,877 1,77,812
3 Social
Services
Housing 17,114 8,651
Urban development 16,605 9,162
Others 66,701 33,054
Total 1,00,420 50,867

20. NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE
(BY BROAD CATEGORIES)
S.No. NON-PLAN
EXPENDITURE BY
BROAD CATEGORIES
Year
2016-17 2014-15
1 Interest Payment & Debt
Services
4,92,670 4,02,444
2 Defence 2,49,099 2,18,694
3 Subsidies 2,50,433 2,58,258
4 General Services 2,18,168 1,67,155
5 Other 2,17,680 1,54,478
Total 14,28,050 12,01,029

21. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
1 Railway Capital (Not met from Revenue) (in
Crore) Cap
34220
2 Depreciation of Reserve Funds (in Crore) DRF 3160
3 Development Funds (in Crore) DF 2515
4 Capital Fund (in Crore) CF 7000
5 Railway Safety Fund (in Crore) SF 10780
Total (in Crore) 57675
(i) Market borrowings by Indian Railway
Finance Corporation for investment in Rolling
Stock & Projects
19760
(ii) Market borrowings by Indian Rail Vikas
Nigam Ltd.
240
(iii) Investment through partnerships 18340
(iv) Institutional Finance 20985
(v) Expenditure outlay against higher credit
target of scrap sale under DRF
4000
Total 63325
Grand Total 121000

22. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
(Figures in Crore of Rupees)
Plan
Head
Particulars TOTAL
11 New Lines (Construction) 11963.37
14 Gauge Conversion 3276.26
15 Doubling 4782.13
16 Traffic Facilities-Yard Remodelling &
Others
1126.45
17 Computerisation 336.88
18 Railway Research 37.00
Contd....

23. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
Contd....

24. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
(Figures in Crore of Rupees)
Plan
Head
Particulars TOTAL
31 Track Renewals 4000.03
32 Bridge Works 588.53
33 Signalling and Telecommunication 957.53
35 Electrification Project 10.00
36 Other Electrical Works excl TRD 280.70
37 Traction Distribution Works 275.67
41 Machinery & Plant 511.88
42 Workshops including Production
Units
2337.68
51 Staff Quarters 375.88
Contd....

25. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
(Figures in Crore of Rupees)
Plan
Head
Particulars TOTAL
52 Amenities for Staff 296.51
53 Passenger Amenities 838.27
62 Inv. in Govt. Comm. Und.-Public Und. 2642.63
Indian Railway Finance Corporation 2596.30
63 Inv. in non-Govt.Und. incl. JVs/SPVs 8409.80
Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation 7600.00
National high Speed Rail Corporation Ltd. 300.00
Contd....

26. Indian Railways
Plan Outlay 2016-17
(Figures in Crore of Rupees)
Plan
Head
Particulars TOTAL
64 Other Specified Works 347.83
65 Training HRD 5.69
71 Stores Suspense 16824.34
72 Manufacture Suspense Net) 27884.75
83 New Lines (Const.)- Dividend free
projects
1500.00
GRAND TOTAL 121000.00

27. Organization Structure
S. PRABHU

28. Railway Zones
Indian Railways is geographically organized into zones. At present there are 17
Zonal Railways.
Zones Headquarter Zones Headquarter
Central Railway (CR) Mumbai Northeast Frontier Railway
(NFR)
Guwahati
East Central Railway (ECR) Hajipur Northern Railway (NR) Delhi
East Coast Railway (ECoR) Bhubaneswar South Central Railway (SCR) Secunderabad
Eastern Railway (ER) Kolkata South East Central Railway
(SECR)
Bilaspur
North Central Railway
(NCR)
Allahabad South Eastern Railway (SER) Kolkata
North Eastern Railway
(NER)
Gorakhpur South Western Railway
(SWR)
Hubli
North Western Railway
(NWR)
Jaipur Southern Railway (SR) Chennai
West Central Railway
(WCR)
Jabalpur Kolkata Metro Kolkata
Western Railway (WR) Mumbai

29. CENTRAL RAILWAY
HEADQUARTERS
SHIVAJI CHATRAPATI
TERMINUS,MUMBAI
INDIAN RAILWAYS HEADQUARTERS
DELHI
WESTERN RAILWAY
HEADQUARTERS, MUMBAI
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
HEADQUARTERS, CHENNAI

30. Other Railway Units
• Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan
• Diesel Locomotive Works, Varanasi
• Diesel Loco Modernisation Works, Patiala
• Integral Coach Factory, Chennai
• Rail Coach Factory- Kapurthala & Rai-bareilly
• Rail Wheel Factory, Bangalore
• Central Organisation For Railway Electrification,
Allahabad
• Research Design and standard Organization, Lucknow
• Central Organisation For Modernisation of Workshops,
New Delhi

31. Railway PSUs
• Rail India Technical and Economic Services Ltd. (RITES)
• Indian Railway Construction Company Ltd. (IRCON)
• Indian Railway Finance Corporation(IRFC)
• Container Corporation of India (CONCOR)
• Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd.(KRCL)
• Centre for Railway Information System (CRIS)
• Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC)
• RailTel Corporation of Indian Ltd. (RailTel)
• Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. (RVNL)
• Indian Railway Welfare Organisation (IRWO)
• Indian Railway Station Redevelopment Corporation Limited (IRSDC)
• Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA)
• Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)
• Kochi Metro Rail Corporation (KMRC)
• Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation (LMRC)

32. Other Organizations
Other main organizations with which Railway has
regular business:
• SAIL.
• Power Grid Corporation Limited.
• The India Thermit Corporation Limited.
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

33. Major Departments
• Operating
• Engineering
• Electrical
• Signal & Telecommunication
• Mechanical
• Commercial
• Accounts
• Security, Medical, Stores, etc.

34. CIVIL
ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS

35. Important Activities of
Engineering Department
• Construction of Infrastructures to cater
passenger and freight operations.
• Maintenance of Railway Properties.
• Research for introduction of new technology in
Railways.
• Production/Manufacturing of Bridges & Track
Items.
• Training & Teaching.

36. Single Line Track

37. Double Line Track
C/L to C/L
distance

38. Laying of Track
Activities Involved
1. Surveying.
2. Fixing of Alignment and Levels.
3. Construction of Bridges/Tunnels
4. Earth work/cutting
5. Preparation of Sub-base.
6. Ballasting.
7. Laying of Sleepers.
8. Fixing of Rails.
9. Leveling and Compaction and Ballasting.
10.Testing & Commissioning.

39. Mechanized Track
Renewal
 Preliminary
Survey.
 Transfer of levels.
 Alignment.
 Dismantling of existing track
 Laying and Fixing of Sleepers
and Rails.
 Screening of Ballast.
 SBCM.
 BRM
 CSM
 DTS
 Rail Renewal.
 Ballasting
 CSM.
 DTS
 BRM
 Welding
 USFD Testing.
 Marking
Video
PQRS/TRTBCMSBCMBRMCSMDTS
BALLAST
HOPPER
POST RENEWAL DURING RENEWAL PRE RENEWAL

40. Layout Plan for PQRS

41. Typical PQRS Rake

42. Working of PQRS
Video

43. Working of BRM
& SBCM
VideoVideo

44. Working of BCM
Video

45. Working of TRT
Video

46. Working of CSM
Video

47. Working of DTS
Video

48. Road Under Bridges
Method of Construction:
Cut and Cover Method Box Pushing
Technique

49. Road Over Bridges

50. MAJOR PROJECTS

51. Major Projects in Hand
Major Projects in hand under Ministry of Railways is as
following:
•Metros: Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Lucknow, Kochi,
Ahmedabad.
•High Speed Railway: Diamond Quadrilateral network,
Mumbai-Ahemdabad & Delhi-Amritsar.
•Redevelopment of Stations: 400 stations of A-1 & A
category stations have been chosen on “As is where is
Basis”.
•Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link. (290 Km)
•Multifunctional Complex: MFC Project 24 Stations.
•New lines – 154 new line projects for construction of 17129 Km
of New Lines.

52. Major Projects in Hand
• Doubling – About 30000 km track.
• ROBs/RUBs: Work completed at 82 ROBs/RUBs in year
2015-16 and work going on at 1350 other locations.
• Chenab Bridge: Chenab Bridge is an under-construction
rail bridge, located between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi
district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India. The 1,315 m
long bridge is being built at a height of 359m. Once
completed, it will be the tallest rail bridge in the world.
• Dedicated Freight Corridor:
• Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor: 1586 km
• Western Dedicated Freight Corridor: 1504 km

53. Dedicated Freight Corridor

54. World Class Stations
•03 Stations of
Northern railway
has been
entrusted to
IRSDC Ltd. for
redevelopment as
World class
stations.
•Anand Vihar
•Bijwasan
•Chandigarh
Anand Vihar Railway Station-
Proposed

55. World Class Stations
Bijwasan Railway Station - Proposed

56. World Class Stations
Chandigarh Railway Station -
Proposed

57. Chenab Bridge
Chenab Bridge is
located between
Bakkal and
Kauri in Jammu
and Kashmir
(J&K), India. The
1,315m-long
bridge is being
built at a height
of 359m. Once
completed, it
will be the
tallest rail
bridge in the
world.

58. Chenab Bridge
Rank Name of Bridge Span [m] Location Country Year
1 Chaotianmen 552 Chongqing China 2009
2 Lupu 550 Shanghai China 2003
3 New River Gorge 518 Fayetteville,WV USA 1977
4 Bosideng 513 Sichuan China 2012
5 Bayonne 504 New York, NY USA 1931
6 Sydney Harbour 503 Sydney Australia 1932
7 Xiangxi 498 Xiangxizhen China 2017
8 Chenab 485 Katra India 2019
The Chenab Bridge, at 359 m above river bed, will be the highest rail
bridge in the world, and longest span BG Rail line with arch span of
467 m (overall 8th Longest single span bridge in the world).

59. General Arrangement
Contd..
Chenab Bridge
1315M
JAMMU END SRINAGAR END
485m

60. Progress of Major Items
Chenab Bridge
Major Items Quantity
Progress (Upto
March’16)
Balance
Expected time
of completion
RCC 55, 294 cum 23, 081 cum 32, 213 cum Jan 17
Earthwork in
Excavation
10, 29, 059
cum
8,40, 993 cum 1,88, 066 cum May 16
Shotcrete 75, 650 sqm 57, 072 sqm 18, 578 sqm June 16
Rock Bolts 1, 29, 033 mts 48, 723 mts 80, 310 May 16
Structural
Steel Work
25, 000 MT Total 5, 534 MT 19, 466 MT
Commisioning
Aug 18
Welding 25, 000MT 1, 800 MT 23, 200 MT Feb 18
Total Cost of Project : Rs. 1200 Crore.
 Financial progress: Rs. 484.58 crore upto March 2016.

61. Slope Stabilization
Start Finish
S50-S70 Oct-14 Jun-16
Construction Program - Critical Path
Foundation Works
Start Finish
S50 July-16 Jan-17
Erection of Deck
Start Finish
S10-S45 Nov-17 Jun-18
S70-S45 Nov-17 Jun-18
Fabrication & Erection of Arch
Start Finish
Mar-16 Mar-18
Commissioning & Handover
Start Finish
Jun-18 Aug-18
Chenab Bridge
VIDEO
ANIMATION
VIDEO (SLOPE
STAB.)

62. ACHIEVEMENTS
(Northern Railway)

63. Achievements
Northern Railway
• Pir Panjal
Railway Tunnel:
Pir Panjal Railway
Tunnel is an
11.215 km
railway tunnel on
USBRL project
Completed in
2013.

64. Achievements
Northern Railway
•Anand Vihar
Terminal: This station
was officially
inaugurated on 19
December 2009. The
terminal, spread over
42 hectares is one of
the largest railway
stations and will cater
to all East–bound
trains from Delhi after
the second phase
becomes operational.

65. Achievements
Northern Railway
Railway Station Katra
Railway Station Srinagar

66. Important Railway Bridges
The Pamban Bridge is a railway
bridge on the Palk Strait which
connects the town of Rameswaram
on Pamban Island to mainland
India.
PAMBAN BRIDGE
1914

67. Important Railway Bridges
Vembanad Rail Bridge
is located in the state of
Kerala and connects
Edappally and
Vallarpadam in Kochi.
Vembanad rail bridge is
the longest rail bridge
in India with the total
length of 4.62 km.
VEMBANAD BRIDGE
2011

68. Important Railway Bridges
The Upper Son bridge
also known as Nehru Setu
rail bridge is the second
longest railway bridge in
India with total length of
3.065 km. It is in Bihar.
NEHRU SETU RAIL BRIDGE
1900

69. Important Railway Bridges
New Railway bridge on
holy Godavari river is a
Arch bridge of total
length 2.7 Km at
Rajahmundry, Andhra
Pradesh.
GODAVARI ARCH BRIDGE
1997

70. Railway Buildings
Nirmal Park Officers Railway Colony in
Mumbai
Officers Club-Nirmal Park

71. Railway Buildings
Multi-Functional Complexes
Multi-Functional Complexes
Salem Railway Station

72. Beauty of Indian Railway
KALKA-SHIMLA SECTION
HIMALAYAN RAILWAYS-DARJEELING
GODAVARI ARCH BRIDGE

73. Beauty of Indian Railway
DOODH SAGAR
NORTH EASTERN RAILWAYS (MANIPUR)
RATNAGIRI (KONKAN RAILWAY )
PAMBAN BRIDGE

74. CONTRACTING
COMPANIES

75. Construction
Companies of Railway
• Larsen & Toubro
Limited
• Gammon India Ltd.
• HCC infrastructure
• Patel Engineering Ltd.
• Reliance Infrastructure
• Punj Lloyd
• AFCONS
• Bridge & Roof
•Tata Projects
•IRB Infrastructure Developers
Limited
•GMR Infrastructure
•ECI Engineering & Construction
Company
•Nagarjuna Construction Company
Ltd (NCC)
•Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd
•Simplex Infrastructures Limited

76. Consultants
 GMP International GmbH.
 Intercontinental Consultants &
Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.
 Sener Ingeniera Y Sistemas S.A.
 Balaji Rail Road System Limited.
 John McAslan + Partners.
 Delhi Integrated Multi-Model
Transit System Ltd. (DIMTS)
 Mott MacDonald.
 RCC (Infrastructure) Consultants
Pvt. Ltd.
 Aarvee Associates Architects,
Engineers & Consultants Pvt.
Ltd.
 Ernst Young Private Ltd .
 Rail India Technical Economic
Services (RITES).
 M R Technofin Consultants
Pvt. Ltd. (MRTCPL)
 Vogue Construction and
Consultancy Services (P) Ltd.

77. JOB
OPPORTUNITIES

78. Career
How to get into Railway ?
IES Examination : for Class ‘A’ services
RRBs Examination : for Group ‘C’ Services

79. Qualification Required
Qualification Required to get into
Railway ?
IES Examination : Engineering Graduate
from any recognized Institute/University.
RRBs Examination : Engineering Graduate,
Diploma in Engineering, ITI, Graduation in
any discipline etc.

80. Career Progression
An Engineering Graduate recruited through
UPSC examination can reach upto top most
post i.e CRB.
RRBs Examination : Candidates recruited
through RRBs can also be reach upto SAG
level by group ‘B’ exam.

81. Challenges offered
• Technical accuracy.
• Leadership Quality.
• Research individual.
• Managerial Capability.
• Perseverance
• Teaching Abilities.
• Visualization.
• Critical Thinking.

82. Plan Expenditure
Plan Expenditure Prepared by Govt. of India
based on 5 Year Plan.
It involves Expenditure on current development
and investment outlay.
It involves the following heads:
• Capital Expenditure
• Revenue Expenditure

83. Non-Plan Expenditure
 Estimated expenditure provided in the budget for
routine functioning of the government.
 Non- Plan expenditure is all expenditure other than
plan expenditure of the Govt. for protecting the lives
and properties of the people and protecting the
country from foreign invasions.
 For this, the government has to spend on police,
Judiciary, military, etc.
 It involves the following heads:
• Capital Expenditure
• Revenue Expenditure

84. Rated Output of
Track Machines
1. PQRS (Plasser Quick Relating System) is a mechanical
relaying equipment being used for track renewal.
2. Track Relaying Train (TRT) is a system for complete
mechanisation of Track renewal process.
PORS-201
Drive Hydraulic
Speed 14 kmph
Lifting capacity 9 tonnes
Rated Output 5 km per Month
TRT-909 Track Relaying Train
Travelling Speed: Towed - Up to 80 km/h
Length 90.2 m without locomotive
Rated Output 7 km per Month

85. Rated Output of
Track Machines
3. BCM (Ballast Cleaning Machines) is for cleaning of ballast
by removing muck, thereby improving drainage of track
and elasticity of the ballast bed.
4. Shoulder Ballast Cleaning Machine (FRM-80) is used for
cleaning of shoulder ballast to improve the drainage of
track.
Plain Track BCM (RM - 80)
Speed (self Propelled) 40 kmph
Rated Output 56 km per Month
Max. axle load 80.5 tonnes
Shoulder Ballast Cleaning Machine (Plasser make – FRM 80)
Rated Output 15 km per Month
Max. axle load 20 tonnes
Speed (self Propelled) 40 kmph

86. Rated Output of
Track Machines
5. BRM (Ballast Regulating Machine) used to shape and
distribute the gravel track ballast.
6. Continuous Action Tamping Machine (CSM) used to pack
the ballast under track to make the tracks more durable.
track.
Ballast Regulating Machine (Model 56-3)
Rated Output 65 km per Month
Max. axle load 12.97 tonnes
Speed (self Propelled) 60 kmph
Continuous Action Tamping Machine (09-32 CSM)
Number of revolutions of vibratory shaft 2100 rpm (approx.)
Vibration frequency of tamping tools 35 Hz.(approx.)
Amplitude of oscillation of tamping tools 10 mm
Rated Output 55 km per Month

87. Rated Output of
Track Machines
7. Dynamic Track Stabilizer (DTS) is a self-propelled vehicle
designed to carry out stabilization of ballast in order to
give better maintainability of track.
Dynamic Track Stabilizer (DTS)
Standard range of pressure variation 40 to 100 bar
Rated Output 30 km per Month
Speed (self Propelled) 60 kmph
Effective loads 165 to 355 KN.
Laying of New Railway Track

88. `