Transport System in Pakistan - (( Rail Transport))

Contents of Presentation:
 Rail Transport
 History of Railways in Sub-continent & Rail Transport in Pakistan
 Salient Features
 Railway Network & Division
 Division of Pakistan Railway
 Routes & Track
 Railway Station and Junctions
 Dry Ports
 Traffic (Passenger & Freight)
 Passenger
 Freight
 Traffic/Transport Equipment or Assets
 Locomotives
 Coaching Wagons
 Freight Wagons
 Marshalling Yard
 Loco sheds
 Bridges & Tunnels
 Parcel service
 Freight booking Procedure & Documents
 Crises of Rail Transport In Pakistan & Solution of Crises

Rail Transport:
Conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. And
it is categorized as primary mode of conveyance. Its Consisted on: Freight & Passenger
History of Railways in Sub-continent & rail transport in Pakistan
oHistory of Railways in Sub-continent:
1847 Sir Henry Edward Frere, appointed as the Commissioner of Sindh , sought permission from Lord
Dalhousie to begin a survey for a Karachi Seaport and a railway line in 1858. The proposed railway line
would be laid from Karachi (city) to Kotri.
In 1861 the first railway line was opened to the public, between Karachi (city) and Kotri, with a total
distance of 169 km.
oHistory of Railways in Pakistan:
In 1947, 3,133 km of North Western Railways were transferred to India, leaving 8,122 km route to
Pakistan. Of this 6,880 km route were Broad gauge, 506 km were Meter gauge, & 736 km were Narrow
gauge. In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and in 1956 the Jacobabad-
Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was converted into broad gauge. In 1961, the Pakistani portion
of North Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed
between 1969 & 1973. In 2006, Mirpur Khas-Khokhrapar 126 km metre gauge railway line was
converted to broad gauge .

Salient Features:
oThe Pakistan Railways is a Federal Government Department under Ministry of Railways.
oRailway Minister - Khawaja Saad Rafique
oFounded: 14- August, 1947
oHead quarter in Lahore.
o82,176 Person Employed upto Jun, 2012
oRoute wise Pakistan standing on 27 number out of 151 countries.
oFinancial Result:
o558 Railways Stations/Junctions upto 2012
o522 Locomotives upto 2012
o1584 Passenger Wagons upto 2012
o17,611 Freight/Cargo wagons upto 2012
oIn 2011-2012 → Pakistan Railways carried 41,097,192 passengers wagons.
oIn 2011-2012 → 1,323,000 tons of freight carried during 2011-2012 & 61,392 freight wagons.
oAt the end of the year 2012, the Pakistan Railways had a total of 7,791 km route. This
kilometerage consists of two different gauges, i.e., 7,479 km of broad-gauge & 312 km of metre-
gauge.
2010-11 2011-12
Gross Earning/Revenue * Thousand 18,612,068 15,444,393
Expenses * Thousand 31,464,910 31,443,343
Operating Ratio 169.06% 203.59%

Railway Network & Division
oDivision in Pakistan Railway:
Currently Pakistan Railway has Seven Divisions:
1) Lahore 2) Multan 3) Rawalpindi 4) Karachi 5) Sukkur 6) Peshawar 7) Quetta
Functions & Responsibilities:
•Railway Division is responsible for overall control of Pakistan Railways as well as to guide
the overall policy.
•All matters pertaining to Pakistan Railways.
•Maintenance of Railway lines for strategic reasons.
•Negotiations with International Organizations and other Countries and implementation of
agreements, with them.
•Coordination of Development Projects.
•Overall efficiency and safety of Railways.
•Coordination of Rail movements into and from Ports.

o Routes & Tracks:
Pakistan Railways is a two-gauge system i.e., broad-gauge and metre-gauge. The gauge-
wise length and track length as on 30th june, 2012 is under:
And Double line track consists of 1,283 kilometers
Note:
•The percentage of wooden, cast iron, steel and concrete sleepers laid in the track at the
end of the year 2011-2012 was approximately 27.%, .26%, and 47% respectively.
•Broad Gauge/Indian Gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in), is a broad track gauge commonly used
in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina and Chile.
•Metre Gauge 1,000 mm (3 3 3⁄8 in)
•A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a railway that has a track gauge
narrower than the 1,435 mm (4 8 1⁄2 in) of standard gauge railways.
Route in km Track in km
Broad-gauge → 7,479 11,366
Metre-gauge → 312 389
7,791 11,755

oRoutes:
A railway route connecting two or more places or other railway routes.
oDomestics Route and International Route
Domestics Route:
Karachi-Lahore
Karachi-Faisalabad
Karachi-Rawalpindi
Karachi-Peshawar
Rawalpindi-Quetta
Lahore-Quetta
Lahore-Rawalpindi
Karachi-Quetta
Lahore-Faisalabad
Lahore-Sialkot
Lahore-Khanewal

oDomestics Route and International Route
 International Routes
Current:
Pakistan to India → Pak & Ind Interna onal Route is Most Opera ve ( Samjhota Express)
Pakistan to Iran → Pakistan Iran is also Opera ve route to the Zahedan City, Iran
Proposed:
Pakistan to China → There is no link with China however, Prime Minister of Pakistan
disclosed that in near future Pakistan will link its both seaports Karachi and Gawadar sea
port with China via Railway Track.
Pakistan to Turkey →An Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service was
proposed
Pakistan to Turkmenistan → via Afghanistan (proposed)
Pakistan to Afghanistan → Currently there is no rail link to Afghanistan ,
owever Pakistan Rail has proposed to help build an Afghan Rail Network

oRailway Station and Junctions
Railway Stations:
Railway Stations is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload
passengers and/or freight/cargo. It generally consists of a platform next to the track and
a station building (depot) providing related services such as ticket sales and waiting
rooms. The smallest stations are most often referred to as 'stops' or, in some parts of the
world, as 'halts'.
Freight Stations/Good Stations:
Goods or freight stations deal exclusively or predominantly with the loading and
unloading of good.
A station where goods are not specifically received or dispatched, but simply transferred
on their way to their destination between the railway and another means of transport,
may be referred to as a transshipment railway station.
Junction:
A point at which two lines or separate routes diverge from each other.

oImportant Railway stations in Pakistan: (Freight Stations and Junction)
Karachi City Railway Station
•04 Platforms & 04 Tracks & Cargo and Parcel service is also available here
Karachi Cantt Railway Station
•08 Platforms & 08 Tracks & Cargo and Parcel service is also available here.

Lahore Junction Railway station
•The Lahore Junction railway station has all the facilities. 11 Platforms & 11 Tracks
& Cargo and Parcel service is also available here.
Rawalpindi Railway Stations
•Opened in 1881, 05 Platforms available. Cargo and Parcel service is also available.
Sialkot Junction Railway Station
•Opened in 1880, 03 Platforms & 05 Tracks available. Cargo and Parcel service is
also available here
Faisalabad Railway Station
•A large amount of cargo is exported and imported into Faisalabad with many
deliveries a day from all parts of the Pakistan.07 Plate Form.

Peshawar Cantonment Railway Station
•The routes are Peshawar from linked to Lahore, Karachi, Rawalpindi, Multan, Hyderabad, Rohri,
Attock, Mianwali, Larkana, Mardan, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Khanewal,
Nawabshah and Nowshera. Cargo and Parcel service is also available here.
Quetta Railway Stations
•Quetta is connected to Lahore by a 727 miles long railway line. Similarly, it is also connected by
rail with Peshawar (986 miles) and Karachi (536 miles) . It is also connected by railway with
Zahedan, which is a city in neighboring Iran. Cargo and Parcel service is also available here.
Khanewal Junction railway station
•The routes are Khanewal from linked to Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Quetta, Multan,
Faisalabad, Sargodha, Jhang, Hyderabad, Sibi, Sukkur, Attock, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Gujrat,
Gujranwala, Rohri, Jacobabad, Nawabshah and Nowshera.
Other Important Railways Stations & Junctions:
• Jacobabad Junction railway station, Khairpur Railway Stations, Sukkur Railway Stations, Rohri Junction railway
station, Sibi Railway Station, Multan Railway Station, Chiniot Railway Station, Larkana Railway Station etc.

oDry Ports:
The containerization of cargo and the establishment of Dry Ports were steps that further facilitated
multimodal movement of goods. Pakistan Railways foresee that the cargo transportation in future is
going to rely heavily on container traffic. At present, there are six dry ports running under the
management of Pakistan Railways.
1) Lahore Dry Port Established in 1973
2) Karachi Dry Port Established in 1974
3) Quetta Dry Port Established in 1984
4) Peshawar Dry Port Established in 1986
5) Multan Dry Port Established in 1986
6) Rawalpindi Dry Port Established in 1990
In addition to the above, there are four Dry Ports established and running under the management of
private sector
1. Sialkot Dry Port Established in 1986
2. Faisalabad Dry Port Established in 1994
3. Pak-China Sust Dry Port
4. NLC Dry Port at Thokar Niaz Beg Lahore
5. NLC Dry Port at Quetta
6. DP World Lahore/ Prem Nagar Dry Port

 Traffic (Passenger & Freight) :
oPassenger:
•Passenger traffic comprises 50% of the total revenue annually.
•During the year 2011-2012, the Pakistan Railways carried 41,097,192 passengers making a total of
16,093,350,581 passenger-kilometers, averaging 392 kilometers per passenger. These figures include passengers
travelling on reduced fare tickets but excluding those travelling on free passes.
•During the year 2011-2012, Average Rate Charged per Passenger per Kilometer 69.27 in Paisa.
•Out of 41,097,192 passengers carried during 2011-2012 29,730 (0.07%) travelled in Air-conditioned sleeper,
121,299 (0.30%) in Air-conditioned sitter, 17,590(0.04%) in First class sleeper, 436,457 (1.26%) in Air-conditioned
(Standard) class, 37,347,474 (90.88%) in Economy class 2,814,488 (6.85 %) in the Second Class and 330,154
(0.80%) in Air-Conditioned Business Class.
oFreight:
•Pakistan Railway earned Rs. 1583.284 million in freight traffic from 01-07-2011 to 30-06-2012.
•The Freight Business Unit operates over 200 freight stations on the railway network. The Unit serves the Ports of
Karachi and Bin Qasim as well as all four provinces of the country and generates revenue from the movement of
agricultural, industrial and imported products such as petroleum oil & lubricants (POL), wheat, coal, fertilizer, rock
phosphate, cement and sugar. About 39% of the revenue is generated from the transportation of POL products,
19% from imported wheat, fertilizer and rock phosphate. The remaining 42% is earned from domestic traffic.
•1,323,000 tons of freight carried during 2011-2012.
•61,392 freight wagons were loaded during 2011-2012 on the entire These figures also include wagons received
from foreign Railways.
•2011-12, Comparative loading of all divisions is as under:
Division Karachi Sukkur Multan Lahore Rawalpindi Peshawar Quetta Total
2011-12 11,056 3,620 5,238 36,087 1,708 2,671 1,012 61,392

 Traffic/Transport Equipment or Assets:
oLocomotives
A locomotive or engine is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train.
On 30th June, 2012, Pakistan Railways had total 522 (12 steam locomotives, 494 Diesel Electric
locomotives and 16 Electric locomotives on entire system.)
DE Locos → 494
Electric Locos → 16
Steam Locos → 12
(5 BG + 7 MG)
Electrified Track consists of 544 Kilometers as detailed below:
•Lahore-Khanewal Section =>285.46 km route and 521.22 km track &
•Lahore-Moghalpura-Lahore Cantt => 7.60 km route and 22.78 km track.
Note: Pakistan Railways hade 522 locomotives in its possession, just 152 are operating, according to
spokesman Dildar Hussain.

oCoaching Wagons
A passenger car (known as a coach or carriage in the UK, and also known as a bogie in India/Pakistan) is a piece of
railway rolling stock that is designed to carry passengers. The term passenger car can also be associated with a
sleeping car, baggage, dining, railway post office.
Total number of coaching vehicles on Pakistan Railways at the end of the year 2011-2012 was 1,823. This includes
1,584 vehicles meant for the conveyance of passengers and 239 vehicles for the conveyance of luggage, parcels, mails,
automobiles, horses, etc., as well as departmental vehicles and does not include 225 coaching brake-vans. Air-
conditioned passenger coaches operating between important towns are also included in it.
Passenger Coaches → 1584
Other Vehicle (conveyance of luggage, parcels, mails, automobiles, horses etc) → 239
Brake Vans → 225

oFreight/Cargo Wagons
The number of freight wagons owned by the Pakistan Railways
at the end of the year 2011-2012 was 17,611 comprising 5,551
covered wagons 6,637 open wagons 3972 special type wagons
(for carriage of liquids, explosives, machinery, live-stock, timber,
etc.), 969 departmental wagons. This does not include 484
brake-vans.
Out of these 12,297 of these wagons are 4-wheelers, the rest
Are mostly 8-wheelers.
Description BG MG Total
Covered wagons 5,540 11 5,551
Open wagons 6,606 31 6,637
Special Type wagons 3,957 15 3,972
Departmental wagons 960 9 969
Brake Vans. 482 2 484
Important Note:
Railway is providing for carrying of various cargoes in 20', 40' and 60' also which provides the extra facility to
place 03X20' or 01X40' & 01X20'. These 60' are called Chinese flat bed wagons.
Other than Chinese Flat Bed wagons, below existing stock is also available in Pak Railways.
MBKF 280 for 01X40' or 02x20'
ZBKF 65 for 60' or 03X20' OR 01X40' & 01X20'
BFC 109 FOR LOADING OF 40' PR 02X20'
C/E → Covered Empty-4 Wheeler for 24 ton capacity of loose/ CFS cargo
B/C → Boggy Covered-8 Wheeler for 44 ton capacity of loose/CFS cargo
FRC 485 → For loading of 20' containers
T/W → Tank wagon for Lubricants/ Edible Oils
KC → Covered but open from top use for wheat, coal, sulphate etc.

KC→ Covered but open from top
for 22.4 capacity
BKF→ Bogie Carrier Covered-8
Wheeler for 45.7 ton capacity
BKF /C → Bogie Flat Wagon
Container, 43.7 ton capacity
KW→ Half Covered but open from
top Container, 21.3 ton capacity
Flat Wagon 12 wheeler, 67.1 ton
capacity
TW→ Tank Wagon/Special Cargo
Loading, 19.3 tons and 19.348 l capacity

C/E → Covered Empty-4 Wheeler for 24
ton capacity of loose/ CFS cargo
BC → Boggy Covered-8 Wheeler
for 44 ton capacity
ZBKF for 60’ or 03X20' or 01X40' & 01X20‘, Covered
but open from top and 61 tons capacity
Flat Wagon 8 wheeler, 44 ton capacity
BRH → Bogie Limestone/Cement Hopper, 43.53 t
capacity

 Marshalling yard
A marshalling yard is a place where goods trains and other loads (such as wagons coming in
from a nearby goods shed) are received, sorted out according to a plan, and new trains
formed and dispatched onwards.
 Loco Shed:
Loco Shed, is a name given to places where locomotives are stored when not being used, and also
repaired and maintained. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds", or, for short,
just sheds. There are often workshops for day to day repairs and maintenance, although locomotive
building and major overhauls are usually carried out in the locomotive works.
oPakistan Locomotive Factory:
The Pakistan Locomotive Factory was established at Risalpur in 1993 at a total cost of Rs.2284 million including
foreign exchange component of Rs.1496 million. It is a modern factory and is equipped with state of the art
plant & machinery. Pakistan Locomotive Factory, Risalpur is also utilized for development of spare parts for
Pakistan Railways and manufacturing/repair works.

 Bridges & Tunnels
o Bridges
There are 13841 bridges including 532 major and 13309 minor bridges over the Transport system in Pakistan Railway.
Most of the bridges were constructed well before the partition when Railway system was introduced in the
subcontinent in 1861. Though all of them need replacement as the maximum age of a bridge is 100 years, 159 of them
are in a dilapidated condition and may cause catastrophe any time, said a senior official of Pakistan Railways.
o Tunnels
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for entrance and exit, commonly at
each end.
Pakistan railways has built many tunnels in its hilly areas of Balochistan and Khojak is the longest. Sibi to Quetta, The
train passes through 21 tunnels. Khojak Tunnel was constructed in 1891 and is a 3.91 kilometers long railway tunnel
and is situated in Balochistan. It was featured on the old Rs. 5 banknote.

 Parcels Service:
Consignments (other than passenger's luggage) when tendered by the public for carriage by passenger
trains should be booked under Parcels.
 Handling of Parcel Consignments:
 Examination of parcels before booking
 Declaration of contents of parcels: through Consignment Notes
 Weighment of parcels
 Preparation of Way-bills
 Loading of parcels and luggage
 Delivery of parcels
white coloured way bills are used for booking of ordinary parcels
In case a bicycle/motor cycle, commercial Assistant should see, by personal examination, the maker’s name, number of
the bicycle, its condition and detachable fittings with it and enter these particulars in the Way-bill.

The operations connected with the booking of goods traffic consist of their:
1) Acceptance;
2) Examination;
3) Marking;
4) Weighing;
5) Invoicing/Railway Receipt;
6) Loading;
7) Unloading And Delivery of Goods
1) Acceptance of Goods:
When goods are brought to a station for dispatch by goods train, they should invariably be accompanied by a
Consignment Note (Form T.1303). The Consignment Note for dangerous, explosive and combustible articles should be
required to be tendered by consignors in Form T. 1304.
2) Examination of Goods:
Each package in a consignment tendered for dispatch should be carefully examined by the staff responsible, and the
actual commodity and private marks should be compared with the description entered in the Consignment Note.
3) Marking of goods:
Every package in a consignment should be required to be marked by the sender with his name, destination, initial or
private mark for the purpose of identification.

4) Weighing:
Weighment of outwards goods: Outwards goods should, when the nature of the consignment permits,
be weighed in the presence of the sender or his agent. The particulars of Weighment should be entered
on the Consignment Note.
5) Invoicing/Railway Receipt:
After the goods have been carefully checked, counted, weighed and examined as to condition, and the
freight has been calculated, Invoices or Rail way receipt will be prepared.
Goods offered for dispatch in Local traffic should be booked on form T. 1353. This form is in four foils,
one each marked ’Original’, ‘Invoice’, ‘Receipt’ and ‘Record’.
Goods offered for dispatch in foreign traffic should be booked on form T. 1354. This form is in six foils,
one each for 'Record', 'Receipt’, ‘Border Station’ 'Original for Accounts', 'Junction Invoice' and ‘through
invoice’.
6) Loading of Cargo:
The arrangements for working goods traffic should be so organized as to obtain the best possible results
in terms of wagon loads. In loading goods into wagons, care should be taken to avoid all possible
chances of their being damaged during transit and leaving room for claims based on defective and
careless loading and Seal the wagon properly. The station seal should remain in the custody of the
station Master or Commercial Superintendent.

7) Unloading And Delivery of Goods:
The operations involved in the unloading and delivery of inwards goods are:
a) Notice of arrival of goods:
b) Examination of seals, labels and locks of inwards loaded vehicles;
c) Unloading and tally of the contents of such vehicles;
d) Reweighment of the goods received;
e) The receipt, check and accountal of the inwards Invoices; and
f) Delivery of the goods

Crises of Rail Transport In Pakistan & Solution of Crises
Decline Of Pakistan Railways Over the years, lack of attention, poor policies, increasing expenditures,
misappropriation of funds, pilferage, nepotism . PR is facing losses due to mismanagement, poor
maintenance and weak ticket checks that allow people to get away with not paying for their tickets.
Railways destroying by support of Transport Mafia. Corruption is playing major part decline of Rail
Transport In Pakistan.
Solution:
First of all government should eliminate corruption in railways sector. Government should ask Chinese
for help in order to make it profitable organization because China has made wonderful progress in
railway industry. Another best solution of this problem is the privatization of Pakistan Railway. We can
take the example of PTCL; before privatization PTCL's monthly losses were in billions. Today it is not only
a profitable organization but also providing excellent services to the customers. Corruption in Pakistan
Railways can only be removed by privatization of Pakistan Railways.

Transport System in Pakistan - (( Rail Transport))

Transport System in Pakistan - (( Rail Transport))

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