1. Construction of Joka- Majherhat Phase-I
Metro corridor considering the
requirement of MRTS in city of Kolkata
By
Rajesh Prasad, IRSE
Chief Project Manager/RVNL

2. CONTENTS
Kolkata : A few highlights
Various modes of Transport
Problems of high vehicular growth
Why to have more Metro in megacity like Kolkata?
Cost Analysis for Viaduct vis-à-vis Underground.
Role of RVNL for implementation of Metro
Corridors in Kolkata
Planning and Execution of Joka – BBD Bag Part
Section
Drawing Management System
Launching of Segments.

3. KOLKATA : City of Joy
Also known as –
 Cultural Capital of India
 Literary Capital of India
 City of Creative Energy
 City of Architecture
City of Brides of India
City of Football in India
Paris of East of India

4.  City of Job Charnock (1690)
(3 villages - Kalikata, Sutanuti & Gobindpur)
 “City of Processions” Jawahar Lal Nehru
 “A Dying City” Rajiv Gandhi
 “ City of Joy” Dominique Lapierre
 “Don’t worry Kolkata” Usha Uthup

5. KOLKATA : (Calcutta - Gateway to Eastern Region)
 Kolkata was the capital of India till 1912.Kolkata was the capital of India till 1912.
 The second train in India from Howrah to Hooghly in 1854The second train in India from Howrah to Hooghly in 1854
 The first Tramways ServicesThe first Tramways Services in Indiain India (horse drawn) in(horse drawn) in
Kolkata in 1873Kolkata in 1873
 The first u/g Metro Railway in India started in Kolkata inThe first u/g Metro Railway in India started in Kolkata in
19841984
 The circular Railway in 1990.The circular Railway in 1990.
 A city with all different modes of transportation.A city with all different modes of transportation.
 84 KMs Metro network was sanctioned by Ministry of84 KMs Metro network was sanctioned by Ministry of

6. KOLKATA
being turned into CITY OF SORROW

7.  Tram Service
 Water Transport
 Bus Service
 Circular Railway
 Metro Railway

8. Tram Service at a glance
 In eighties 275 cars
used to carry 0.75
million passengers.
 As per RITES - 2004
trams carry 1.90 lakh
passenger on an
average week day.

9.  68 KMs double track of
standard gauge in operation
of which only 25 kms are in
reserved right-of-way.
 Tram tracks have become
major source of problem
due to inadequate
maintenance, non-
investment of capital and
mixed traffic operation.
 6 KMs removed in July 2011
Joka - B.B.D. Bag Metro
Section.
Tram Service at Kolkata

10. Water Transport System at and around Kolkata
 In Kolkata and Howrah, water
ferries are used through the
extensive ghats like Fairlie
Ghat, Howrah Ghat, Shibpur
Ghat, Prinsep Ghat, Cossipore
Ghat.
 There were plans to start
utilizing the canals running
through the city as water-
transport network.

11. BUS SYSTEM
 Kolkata State Transport Corporation
(KSTC)
 Kolkata Tramway Company (KTC)
 West Bengal Surface Transport
Corporation (WBSTC)
 North Bengal State Transport
Corporation (NBSTC)
 South Bengal State Transport
Corporation (SBSTC)
 Private Bus Syndicates
 Other Hired/Charted Bus Operators.

12. The construction of Circular
Railway from DDJ to Princep Ghat
(13.42 km) was sanctioned in the
year 1983 - 84 at a total cost of Rs.
35.49 Crore. The construction work
was taken in hand in July '1983
and full of stretch of 13.42 km was
opened for passenger traffic in
June '1990.
Section between Princep Ghat and
Majerhat was opened in 2006.
Circular RailwayCircular Railway

13. Existing Metro net work

14.  North-South Axis (Dum Dum to Tollygunge) 16.45 Kms was sanctioned on 1.6.1972.
 1st Commercial run of the 1st Underground Metro Rly in India commenced on
24.10.1984 (between Esplanade and Bhowanipur (now Netaji Bhavan)
 Section wise opening in stages :-
Section Distance Opening Date
 Esplanade - Netaji Bhavan 3.40 km 24.10.1984
 Dum Dum - Belgachia 2.15 km 12.11.1984
 Tollygunge -Netaji Bhavan 4.24 km 29.04.1986
 Belgachia - Shyambazar 1.62 km 13.08.1994
 Esplanade -Chandni Chowk 0.71 km 02.10.1994
 Chandni Chowk - Central 0.60 km 19.02.1995
 Shyambazar - Girish Park 1.93 km 19.02.1995
 Dum Dum - Tollygunge 16.45 km 27.09.1995

15. POPULATION AND VEHICLE GROWTH

16. K M Area– Population
( in Lakhs)
54.56
57.84
68.46
78.74

17. Kolkata – Population
As per INDIA 2011
Area (Sq. Km) Population
North 24 Parganas 4094 89.30 Lakhs
South 24 Parganas 9660 69.09 Lakhs
 In 2000 Kolkata - 13.1 million
 In 2015 Kolkata – 17.1 million

18. Kolkata – Population
 The density of population is
33,000 per square kilometer.
 Overcrowding has reached
virtually intolerable proportions
in many sections of the city.
 Kolkata has experienced a high
rate of population growth for
more than a century.

19. Kolkata (KMA)– Vehicles
Total No. of vehicles as on 31 March 2010 – 18.75 Lakhs
More than 10000 new vehicles are being registered in Kolkata per month

20. COMPARISION OF THREE METRO CITIES
(AREA AND ROAD LENGTH)
Source –Transport Department

21. About Existing Roads of Kolkata
• Road space of Kolkata is about-6%. But effective Road
space available for traffic movement is 5% only.
• Road space of
Delhi - 23%,
Mumbai - 18%
Chennai - 14%

22. Traffic Congestion is a normal
phenomenon
Frequent traffic congestion at most traffic junctions along the Metro Corridor of Kolkata

23. Air Pollution
STANDARD RPM & NOX = 60,SPM = 140
Daily average
micro gms / m3
Source -PCB

24.  Present Average Noise levelPresent Average Noise level
 Peak Noise level recordedPeak Noise level recorded
 Permitted Noise levelPermitted Noise level
Noise Pollution
Contd..
 70 dB70 dB
 80 dB80 dB
 60 dB60 dB

25. Noise Pollution
Location Noise Level (dB)
Howrah Bridge Approach 97
Moulali, Bara Bazar 95
Hazra, Jadavpur, New Market 80
Zone Day Night
Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence Zone 50 50
 Noise Pollution Standards

26.  Widening of RoadsWidening of Roads
Limited ScopeLimited Scope
due to lack ofdue to lack of
road spaceroad space
Remedies to the Traffic ProblemsRemedies to the Traffic Problems

27.  Construction of Flyover-Construction of Flyover-
Limited scope due to financialLimited scope due to financial
and space involvementand space involvement
Remedies to the Traffic Problems in KolkataRemedies to the Traffic Problems in Kolkata

28. Remedies to the Traffic ProblemsRemedies to the Traffic Problems
 Surface Metro SystemSurface Metro System
Not Possible due to non availabilityNot Possible due to non availability
of large open, continuousof large open, continuous
strech of landstrech of land
• Frequent CrossingFrequent Crossing
will pose problemwill pose problem

29. Grade Separated Mass Rapid Transit SystemGrade Separated Mass Rapid Transit System
(Most appropriate solution)(Most appropriate solution)

30. Metro Rail - Advantages
 Requires 1/5th energy per passenger km compared
to road-based transport system.
 Causes less noise, no air pollution and eco friendly
transport system.
 Occupies no road space if underground and only
about 3.0 mtrs width of the road if elevated
 More reliable, comfortable
and safer than road based
systems
 Reduces journey time.

31. KOLKATA METRO BEING
EXECUTED BY RVNL
SALIENT FEATURES

32. SEORAPFULI
BARRACKPUR
TITAGARH
RISHRA
KHARDAH
SODEPUR
KONNAGAR
AGARPARA
DANKUNI
UTTARPARA
BELA NAGAR
BELGHARIA
BISARPARA
NEW BARRACKPUR
BIRATI
RAJCHANDRAPUR
BALLY
BALLY HALT
BELUR
LILUAH
TIKIAPARADASNAGAR
RAMRAJATALA
HOWRAH
PADMAPUKUR
BRACE BRIDGE
MAJHERHAT
NEW ALIPORE
TOLLYGUNGE
LAKE GARDENS
DHAKURIA
JADABPUR
BAGHA JATIN
GARIA
NARENDRAPUR
SEALDAH
GURUDAS HALT
BIDHAN NAGAR RD.
DUM DUM
DUM DUM CANT.
DURGA NAGARBARANAGAR RD.
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DUM DUM ROAD       
       
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HIND MOTOR
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SHRIRAMPUR
SOUTH 24
PARGANAS
      
GOBRA
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SANTRAGACHI
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BALLYGUNGE
PARK CIRCUS
BALLY GHAT
DAKSHINESWAR
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SHALIMAR
KOLKATA

SHOBHABAZAR
PARK
STREET
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RABINDRA
SAROBAR
MAHANAYAK
UTTAM
KUMAR
NEW
GARIA
SHAHID
KHUDIRAM
NETAJI
SHAHID
SURYASEN
GEETANJALI
KAVI
NAZRUL
RABINDRA
SADAN
MAIDAN
J.D PARK
NETAJI
BHAVAN
KALIGHAT
ESPLANADE
CHANDNI CHOWK
M.G ROAD
CENTRAL
GIRISH PARK
SHYAM BAZAR
BELGACHIA
NOAPARA
BARANAGAR
BIMAN BANDAR
DAKSHINESWAR
B.B.D BAGH
JOKA
PROP.BARANAGAR-BARRACKPORE
P
R
O
P
.
N
O
A
P
A
R
A
-
B
A
R
A
S
A
T
M
E
T
R
O
E
X
T
N
.
JOKA
KM.-1.16
BEHALA
CHOWRASTA
KM.4.87
MAJERHAT
KM.8.26
KHIDDIRPUR
KM.10.740
PARK ST.
KM.13.42
HASTINGS
KM.11.55
MOMINPUR
KM.9.456
THAKURPUKUR
BAZAR KM.1.45
SAKHER BAZAR
KM.2.97
BEHALA
BAZAR
KM.6.08
TARATALA
KM.7.25
KM.0.00
KM.15.56
KM.15.86
ESPLANADE
PANIHATI
KHARDAH
TITAGARH
RAMKRISHNA PALLI
SHANTI NAGAR
JESSOR RD
DUM DUM
CANT 2.60KM
5.0KM
4.55KM
2.5KM
KAMARHATI
2.5KM
4.5KM
6.0KM
8.0KM
10.0KM
12.5KM
AGARPARA
RUBY HOSPITAL
SCIENCE CITY
E.W CORRIDOR
D
E
P
O
T
SATYAJIT ROY
MUKUND PUR
KALIKA PUR
V I P BAZAR
CHINGRIGHATA
NICCO PARK
SECTOR V
RAJARHAT
NEW TOWN
HALDIRAM
CONVENTION
CENTER
(2.0Km EX.BARANAGAR)
(0.0Km) (5.2Km EX.DUM DUM)




(0.0Km)
(2.09Km EX.DMI)
(UP 6.15Km)
(DN 6.4Km)
BIRATI
(UP 7.75Km)
(DN 8.00Km)
NEW BARRACKPUR
(UP 10.75Km)
(DN 11.00Km)
MADHYAMGRAM
(UP 13.35Km)
(DN 13.60Km)
HRIDAYPUR
(UP 15.80Km)
(DN 16.05Km)
BARASAT
(UP 17.88Km)
(DN 18.13Km)
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         Under operation -22.3 Km
Dumdum-Kavi Nazrul
New Metro Rail Projects
by RVNL
Joka-BBD Bag, 16.75 km
Noapara- Baranagar-
Dakshineswar-Barackpur
-14.50 km
Dumdum- Barasat via
Airport -18.13 km by
Metro Railway Kolkata
Recently commissioned-2.90 Km
Kavi Nazrul – Kavi Subhash
Dumdum-Noapara by
Metro Railway Kolkata
Howrah Maidan
Salt lake Sec-v
E-W CORRIDOR Under
Construction by KMRCL
NEW TOWN
New Garia- Dumdum- via
New Town 32.00 km
BARANAGAR
AIRPORT
BARANAGAR
NEW GARIA
NEW TOWN
AIRPORT
NEW GARIA
METRO RAIL IN
KOLKATA

33. (1) Route alignment:
 Noapara(Ex.) to Baranagar (2.627Km) &
Baranagar to Dakshineswar (2Km).
 Baranagar to Barrackpore (12.5 Km) Metro
Corridor.
 Joka to BBD Bag Via Majerhat (16.72Km)
Metro Corridor.
 DumDum Airport to New Garia (32Km) Metro
Corridor.

34. Salient Feature of Joka-BBD Bagh Metro Corridor
• Total Length (Jaka -BBD Bag) - 16.75Km.
• Elevated – (Joka - Mominpur) - 9.0 Km.
• Underground – (Mominpur-BBD Bag) - 7.75Km.
• Total No of Stations – 13 nos
Elevated- 8 nos Underground- 5 nos
Passenger Interface at –
Majerhat (Suburban and Circular Railway).
Park Street and Esplanade Metro Railway Station.
Depot is to be setup Near Bakarahat Road adjacent to
Chorialkhal.

35.  Raw proposal at the stage of Sanction
 RITES engaged as Consultant for DPR etc.
DDC contract engaged, IIT Delhi made proof consultant
 Clearance taken from State Govt.
(Police, PWD, KMC, Environment etc.)
Contract for Viaduct for Joka – Mominpur awarded in
Dec’2010 and Stations in April 2012
 Decision on removal of tramlines in May’ 2011.

36.  Foundation Stone was laid by her Excellency, President of India, on
22.09.2010.
 Work for Viaduct awarded to M/s Simplex infrastructures on
28.12.10 and stations in April 2012
 CES is DDC for viaduct and Stations and IIT Delhi is the proof
consultant.
 Construction of piles, pile caps, piers and Girder is in progress
between Joka & Majerhat (1185 nos. piles completed, 276 nos. pile
cap completed, 273 nos. pier completed and 233 nos. Girder
erected).

37. JOKA-BBD BAGH
METRO
ALIGNMENT

39. Details of the existing Diamond Harbour RoadDetails of the existing Diamond Harbour Road
DETAILS OF D. H. ROAD AT STATIONS FOR JOKA-MOMINPUR SECTION
(Facing BBD Bag)
Chainage Location ROW LHS C.W. RHS C.W. Median Width Planned
Width
JOKA 0
Start 38.18 6.61 6.94 7.88
2X7.5Center 38.88 6.24 6.45 9.92
End 36.69 5.41 6.74 11.90
MAJERHAT 7607 Center 15.45 40.06 Off the Road Flyover
MOMINPUR 8625
Start 25.99 13.32 5.83 1.06
2X7.5Center 26.33 12.53 5.89 1.07
End 25.87 13.36 8.56 1.06

40. Station Planning
Joka Majerhat Corridor
Name of Station
Chainage
(in km)
Distance from
previous
Station (in m)
Rail level
(RL in m)
Height/
Depth from
Adjacent
Ground
Platform Types
and Nos
Alignment
Description
1. Joka 00 -- 16.249 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Thakurpukar 1.455 1455 17.854 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Sakher Bazar 2.675 1220 17.896 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Behala
Chowrasta
4.128 1453 18.961 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Behala Bazar 5.465 1337 19.916 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Taratala 6.450 0985 17.793 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Majerhat 7.607 1157 18.199 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight
1. Mominpur 8.625 1018 17.730 12.5 Side Platform - 2 Elevated, straight

41. Typical Station Layout
7500 7500
¢
2
5500MIN3000MIN
940
150
50
1090
3000
1520 2100
D=STAIRCASE/ ESCALATOR
d=WORKING SPACE / FOOTPATH
OPTION-2
7.5m CWBUILTUPEDGE
2500Dd
BUILTUPEDGE
2500 D d
23000

42. Joka MID
Section
Thakkurrpuk
ur
MID
Section
ShakherBaz
ar
MID
Section
Behala
Chowrasta
MID
Section
Behala
Bazar
MID
Section
TaratalaMID
Section
Majerhat MID
Section
Mominp
ur
Chainage 0.00 0.65 1.46 1.81 2.68 2.99 4.13 4.45 5.46 6.1 6.45 6.72 7.607 8.13 8.625
PF Length 180m 180m 180m 180m 180m 180m 180m 180m
High
point
Low
Point High point
Low
Point High point
Low
Point High point
Low
Point
High
point
Low
Point
High
point
Low
Point High point
Low
Point
High
point
Rail
Level 16.5 14.824 18.4 15.352 17.8 16.172 19.1 16.419 19.8 15.183 17.8 14.98 18.199 14.9 17.73
Ground
Level 3.317 3.35 4.791 4.445 4.189 4.968 5.682 6.129 6.074 6.184 4.588 4.69 6.692 4.63 5.515
Gradient 388 227 115 355 190 389 119 299 139 134 96 276 159 175
Energy saving due to gradient

43. Lithological log indicates the
presence of a clay bed at the top of
the geological succession with
thickness varying from 10-40 mts.
There is a further alternate clay and
sand bed. A group of granular aquifer
is found between 250-650 mts. below
ground level.
Geotechnical Details

44. Zone Number
Approximate Chainage
(km)
Location
Zone-I 0.000 to +1455
Joka Station to Thakurpukur Station
Zone-II +1455 to +2675
Thakurpukur Station to Sakher Bazar Station
Zone-III +2675 to +4128
Sakher Bazar Station to Behala Chowrasta Station
Zone-IV +4128 to +5465
Behala Chowrasta Station to Behala Bazar Station
Zone-V A +5465 to +6260
Behala Bazar Station to Taratala StationZone-V B +6260 to +6600
Zone-V C +6600 to +6900
Zone-VI +6900 to +7744
Taratala Station to Mazerhat Station
Zone-VII +7744 to +8755
Mazerhat Station to Mominpur Station
Zone-VIII 0.000 to -1250
Joka Station to Depot

45. TYPICAL SUBSOIL PROFILE IN JOKA-MAJERHAT SECTION

46. PILE CAPACITY
1200mm diameter piles are being used in the construction.
For bored pile, load bearing capacity is calculated according
to IS:2911 (Part-I/Sec-2)-1979.
A summary of pile capacities along with the shaft length proposed
is presented below:
Pile diameter
(mm)
Pile cut-off
level below
EGL
Horizont
al Pile
capacity
(t)
Vertical Pile
capacity (t)
Pile shaft length
(m)
1200 2.3m 21.8t
Maximum = 606 Maximum = 40
Minimum =384 Minimum =25
Average= 484 Average= 31.5

47. Sequence :Sequence :
 Road Widening
 Barricading on the Central Verge
 Checking of Utility
 Removal / sifting of utilities
 Execution of Metro Corridor (pile, Pile Cap, Pier)
 Setting of Two Casting yards at Pailan

49. Quality Control Lab at PailanQuality Control Lab at Pailan

50. Batching Plant + Casting Yard at PailanBatching Plant + Casting Yard at Pailan

55. Casting of Segments

56. Auto launching in Progress at Joka Site

57. Erection of Launching girder

58. Behala Chowrasta: Launching of Segments

59. Auto launching in Progress at Joka Site

60. ROAD DIVERSION FOR THIRD LAUNCHING GIRDER

61. SKY LINE CHANGING…

62. Managing Drawing and DetailsManaging Drawing and Details
inin
Joka – Majerhat Metro Site.Joka – Majerhat Metro Site.

64.  Precast Post tensioned segmental single cell box girders
of spans varying from 19m to 31m with increments of 3m
for standard spans.
 50m Cast-in-place post tensioned box girder.
 Precast post tensioned I-girder made continuous for 4
spans at cross-over location.
 2-span continuous post tensioned precast segmental box
girder.
STRUCTURETYPESSTRUCTURETYPES

65.  Elastomeric bearings for transferring normal loads.
 Reaction block with/without cable restrainer for seismic
loads.
 POT-PTFE bearings for long spans.
STRUCTURETYPESSTRUCTURETYPES

66.  Concentric piers of 1.95m circular section with heights
varying from 11m to 18m (difference between Rail Top
Level to Top of Pilecap).
 Inverted L-piers up to 2.0m maximum eccentricity between
centre line of track and pier section.
 Portal piers at obligatory locations.
STRUCTURETYPESSTRUCTURETYPES

67.  1200mm dia bored cast-in-situ reinforced concrete pile.
 Pile shaft length varying from 25m to 40m depending upon
various types of soil strata.
STRUCTURETYPESSTRUCTURETYPES

69.  10 types for standard simply supported spans based on
span length and radius of curvature for 320 actual
superstructure configurations. Two extreme radii of
curvature are considered. One is the maximum radius, R
→ ∞ for straight alignment and other is the minimum
radius of 202m.
 5 types for non-standard spans.
DESIGNTYPESDESIGNTYPES

70.  5 types of elastomeric bearings.
 3 different sets of POT-PTFE bearings.
DESIGNTYPESDESIGNTYPES

71.  41 design types for concentric piersand common piers for 275
actual pier configurations based on height of substructure, span
on both side and curvature of alignment. This results in 15 types
of reinforcement arrangement with reinforcement % varying from
1.50% to 5.40%.
 11 design types for inverted L-piers for 30 actual pier
configurations based eccentricity between track centerline and
pier centerline in addition to those mentioned above. This results
in 3 types of reinforcement arrangement with reinforcement %
varying from 1.50% to 2.10%.
(Contd…)
DESIGNTYPESDESIGNTYPES

72.  2 design types for portal piers for 8 piers, one with two legs and
other with three legs.
DESIGNTYPESDESIGNTYPES
 4- and 5-pile groups, in general.

74. M-35
M-35
M-40
M-40
M-50

76. Block Section wise details
• Joka – Thakurpukur (P/26 to P/72)
• Thakurpukur– Sakherbazar (P/73 to P/110)
• Sabherbazar– Behala Chowrasta (P/111 to P/157)
• Behala Chowrasta– Behala Bazar (P/158 to P/200)
• Behala Bazar—Taratala (P/201 to P/232)

77. Erection of Girder - Scheme

78. Erection of Launching girder

79. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Fabrication of reinforcement cage

80. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Lifting of reinforcement cage using lifting beam
Placement of reinforcement cage in shutter

81. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Fixing of HDPE sheathing pipe for HT Strands Fixing of rail for inner trolley

82. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Placement of inner trolley

83. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Segment ready for casting

84. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Segment casting

85. PRECAST SEGMENTS
De-shuttering

86. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Application of curing compound and curing with water

87. PRECAST SEGMENTS
Segment Lifting

100. SEG-1
Pedestal
Bearing
Tendon
SEG-2 SEG-3
1
2
3
4/5

103. LAUNCHING GIRDER BEING AUTO LAUNCHED

105. FIRST LAUNCHING GIRDER
SECOND LAUNCHING GIRDER
Launching Girder- I & II

106. Third Launching Girder
Launching Girder- III & IV
Fourth Launching Girder

107. Auto launching in Progress at Joka Site

108. Casting of Parapet

109. Erection of Parapet

110. Majerhat Station

111. GENERAL SUB-SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF KOLKATA
 Normal Calcutta Deposit
The Upper zone covering the softer components of normally
consolidated subsoil, which in this region extends approximately about
15 metres below ground level.
The second horizon comprises the stiffer or denser components
occurring just beneath the first horizon and extends down to about 50
metres or more below the ground level.
River Channel Deposits
Superimposed features over the typical subsoil deposits of this region
and basically consist of silty sand to sandy silt of considerable thickness.
At a few locations the upper portion of this deposit has exhibited clayey
silt to silty clay, most probably, in lenticular form. The sand deposit has
been generally found to be fine to medium coarse.

112. Lifting of Segments/Erection of girders started in March
2012 within 2 years of sanction.

113. JOKA MAINTENANCE DEPOT :JOKA MAINTENANCE DEPOT :

114. Joka Depot Layout PlanJoka Depot Layout Plan

115. Problem AreasProblem Areas

116. PROBLEM AREAS : Cross Road at Taratala

117. PROBLEM AREAS : Land of C-Comens / KOPT

118. Mint Boundary Wall
PROBLEM AREAS : Land of MINT / KOPT

119. Mint Post Office
PROBLEM AREAS : Land of MINT / KoPT

120. PROBLEM AREAS : Rehabilitation India plus Hutments / KOPT

121. Encroachments for Station