The document discusses infrastructure design and safety. It covers topics like pedestrian and vehicle accidents, stopping sight distance, vehicular and non-motorized traffic, accessibility standards, and best practices. Case studies from Mumbai and Gurugram are presented analyzing modal share of accidents, population growth, and accident hotspots. Design recommendations for intersections like Iffco Chowk in Gurugram and Bristol Chowk are provided to minimize conflict points between modes. The need for sustainable transport systems prioritizing pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport is highlighted.

1. INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN & SAFETY
By,
Prof. Dr. Sewa Ram
Department of Transport Planning,
School of Planning & Architecture,
New Delhi

2. Pedestrian –Vehicle Accident

4. Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)

6. 6
Low density -- High speed -- More stopping
distance

7. 7
High density -- Low speed –Less stopping
distance

8. Vehicular Traffic NMT
ALONG THE ROAD
Accessibility

9. 45 CM
AT BUS STOP
Accessibility

10. AT RAILWAY TERMINAL
Safe Accessibility

11. Unsafe Design

12. Best Practices

15. Traffic Safety Measures

16. One-lane chicane (likely located in British Columbia, Canada)
|Source=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/drdul/sets/72157594185949280/ Traffic Calming Flickr Photoset]
Pinch Points in Pavement

17. National Road Safety Updates
Latest developments Indian Roads Congress
 Urban roads are currently being designed as per codes of
practice issued by Indian Road Congress
 The set of codes for urban roads is an attempt to make a
bridge between the current research on safe urban roads and
safe road design in our cities.
 The new codes focuses on the requirement of pedestrians,
non-motorized users and the public transport uses in urban
areas.

18. National Road Safety Updates
Need for:
 The sustainable transport systems
 Infrastructure design – critical elements: pedestrian, bicyclists
and non-motorized cycle rickshaws.
 Universal accessibility
 Speed management and traffic calming techniques
 Environmental friendly modes

19. CASE STUDY – MUMBAI

20. Modal share of road traffic fatalities in Mumbai.
Modes Fatalities by type of
road user (%)
Pedestrian 58
Bicycle 2
Motorized two-wheeler 29
Car 4
Bus 0
Truck 0
Unknown & other 7
Source: Average of data 2008-2012, adapted from (Mani, A. and Tagat, A., 2013);

21. Proportion of pedestrian fatalities according to NCRB (2015)
City Percent pedestrian
fatalities
Agra 0
Amritsar 0
Bhopal <1
Delhi 5
Ludhiana 3
Mumbai 10
Vadodara 6
Vishakhapatnam 17
Source: Average of data 2008-2012, adapted from (Mani, A. and Tagat, A., 2013);

22. Source: Mumbai – Pune Expressway Road Accident Study, 2014
Source: http://udayindia.in/2015/06/20/do-we-care-for-road-
safety-in-india/
Source: Mumbai – Pune Expressway Road Accident Study, 2014
Mumbai has the highest density of cars in India.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jan/03/death-
road-mumbai-india-car-crash-capital

23. Source: http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/thane/road-safety-
week-17-more-road-accidents-2015-year-navi-mumbai-81409
Source: http://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-mumbai-roads-
have-become-a-drivers-nightmare/15094057
Source: http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/thane/road-safety-week-17-
more-road-accidents-2015-year-navi-mumbai-81409
Source: http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-news-safety-
pedestrian-kurla-commuters-foot-overbridge/17649178

24. CASE STUDY – GURUGRAM

25. Population growth rates of Gurugram
GURUGRAM FACTS AND FIGURES
Population 2031 43 lakh
Employment (2031) 59 lakh
PCTR (2011) 1.2
DATA 2011
ATL 7 km
Personalized Modal Share 60%
Walk/cycle Mode( NMT) 33%
Total Road length 220 km
Interstate Buses 125
Private Mini Bus 100
CNG Intra city 40
NMT Share 5%-20%
Intersections having volume More than
10,000 PCU per hour and accident prone
area
IFFCO Chowk
NH8 Manesar industrial
estate
Rajiv Gandhi Chowk
Shukrali Chowk
Shankar Chowk

26. Source: SPA Delhi, 2017 and RITES Surveys, 2004
S.
No.
Mode % of total person trips _
2004
% of total person trips _
2017
With walk
trips
Without
walk trips
With walk
trips
Without
walk trips
1 2 wheeler 18.5 25.2 22 26
2 Car 15.4 20.9 35 39
3 Auto
Rickshaw
5.6 7.7 10 13
4 Bus 18 24.6 12 13
5 Train 2.9 3.9 2 1
6 Cycle 9.5 12.9 2 3
7 Cycle
Rickshaw
3.6 4.8 2 2
8 Walk 26.5 - 12 -
Modal Split for Gurugram Residents

27. 40%
20%
20%
13%
7%
ACCIDENT SPOTS
nr. Karol bagh
metro stn.
T point MTNL
office
NRP no. 157
pusa road
Inf petrol pump
Rajendngr
72%
28%
Type of Accident
Injured
Fatal
62%
38%
Day/ Night
Day
Night
ACCIDENT DATA ANALYSIS

29. CASE STUDY – IFFCO CHOWK, GURGAON

30. N
Walking Path Modal Conflict Points
 For a safe pedestrian movement, conflict points need to be minimized
 There are nine main modal conflict points that will be addressed in this study
Conflict
Points
Legend
0 5 1
0
1
5
2
0
30
Pedestrian Risk Index
A 0-1.5
B 1.5 – 4.0
C 4.0 – 6.0
D 6.0 – 8.0
E 8.0 – 10.0
F >10.0

31. Section 1: Underpass
6.0
metres
2.6 m
Minimum lateral clearance = 3.3 metres
Design lateral clearance = 4-6 metres
Minimum Vertical clearance = 2.6
metres
Design Vertical clearance = 2.6 metres
Footer = 0.3 metres
Raiser = 0.15 metres
Landing = 1.2 metres
Slope of cycle ramp = 1 in 2
Width of stairs 1 = 2.5 m
Width of stairs 2 = 3.0 m

32. Section 2: Stairs with cycle ramp
0.75
m
3.0 m
0.75
m
2.0 m
RoadFootpath

33. Section 3: Stairs with Lift
2.5 m
1.5 m 2.0 m 2.0 m
Footpath Cycle track
Road
Lift

34. CASE STUDY – BRISTOL CHOWK, GURGAON

35. Type of
conflict
No
Severe 16
Moderate 17
Minor 8
Total 41
Severe
Moderate
Minor
i. Vehicular-Pedestrian Conflicts: Geometric
(Due to road geometry)
Conflict severity factors-
• Speed of vehicle
Speed 0-30 30-60 60-90
Minor Moderate Severe
Rapid Metro
(Sikandarpur)

36. Type of
conflict
No
Severe 8
Moderate 7
Minor 4
Total 19
Severe
Moderate
Minor
Conflict severity factors-
• Speed of vehicle
Speed 0-30 30-60 60-90
Minor Moderate Severe
ii. Vehicular-Pedestrian Conflicts: Behavioral
(Due to the driving & pedestrian behavior)
Rapid Metro
(Sikandarpur)

37. MULTI MODAL INTERCHANGE

38. To City
To Metro
To ISBT
To RRTS

42. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Dr. Sewa Ram, Ph.D., M.Plan (Transport), B.Tech. IIT Delhi
9810567049
Professor, spatphod@gmail.com, drsewaram@gmail.com
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
(Institute of National Importance)