The document discusses income generating activities and rural development programmes in India. It provides details on various programmes implemented over the last four decades like PMRY, SGSY, IRDP and DWCRA to generate employment and reduce poverty. Common income generating activities promoted include dairy, goat rearing, tailoring, bakery etc. Research studies analyze the impact of programmes like SGSY in increasing incomes and empowering women members of self-help groups.

1. WELCOME

2. Income generating activities under
Rural Development Programmes

3. Introduction
 Income generating activities are the prime determinants
of level of income.
 Overall economic development strategies incorporated
in the Government’s five-year development plans.
 Also reduce poverty among the masses, later on
(perhaps in the 1960s) programmes specifically
designed and addressed to the cause of poverty
alleviation among the rural poor.

4. Conti..
 In the last four decades a number of such programmes
have been and still are being implemented in the
country.
 Programme for self-employment of the poor has been
an important component of the anti-poverty
programmes implemented through government
initiatives in the rural areas in India.
 India’s anti-poverty strategy comprises of a wide range
of poverty alleviation and employment generating

5. Conti..
 which have been in operation for past several years
and creating employment opportunities, aiming to
increase productive assets.
 Under these programmes, both wage employment
and self-employment are provided to the people below
the poverty line.
 Funding and organizational patterns will also be
rationalized to achieve maximum beneficial impact of
rural masses.

6. Objectives
 To understand the concept of income generating
activities under rural development programmes
(RDP).
 To analyze income generating activity
programmes under rural development
programmes.
 To analyze the rural development programmes .
 To review the related research studies.

7. Concept of income generating activities
 Income generating activities are considered as
the those initiatives that affect the economic
aspects of people lives through the use of
economic tools such a credit and subsidy .
 Freedom depends on economic condition even
more than political . If a person is not
economically free and self earnings , he has to
depend on others and dependents are never free.

8. Conti..
 Income generation confirmed that, overall there is
poor understanding of the main principles of
income generation schemes with routine service
provision
 Income Generation (wealth creation) scheme
calls for loans rather than grants, calls for a fair
market rate of interest for the loans, provides
management training to accompany the loans.

9. Conti..
 Aims at participants who are at the lowest levels of
income in their communities, and provides and guides
the organizing which results in effective groups (like co-
operatives) that handle the credit and loans.
 Agriculture, self-employment and wage employment
are the basic tools to fulfil the desire of economic
independence.
 In the past, agriculture was placed on the top position
as an income generation option and self-employment
and wage employment had the 2nd and 3rd priority
respectively.

10. To analyze income generating programmes under
rural development programmes
 Prim Minister Rojgar Yojana (PMRY)
 Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)
 Pradhan Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY)
 Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
 Training of Rural Youth for Self -Employment
(TRYSEM)
 Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
(DWCRA)

11. Income generating activities :
Dairy activities
Brick making
Bakery unit
Goat and sheep rearing
Poultry unit
Petty shops
Clay modeling

12. Conti…
Piggery unit
Bamboo products making
Ice and ice candy making
Pickle making
Leaf plate making
Power tiller
Husking mill cum wheat grinding
Paddy harvester cum thresher
Tailoring activity

13. Dairy activity
 Central and State Governments are giving considerable
financial assistance for creating infrastructure facilities
for milk production.
 The ninth Five year plan outlay on Animal Husbandry
and Dairying was Rs. 2345 crores.
 The dairy industry plays an important role in the socio-
economic development of India.
 Generates huge employment opportunities for people in
rural places.

15. Bakery unit
 Bakery enterprise is on the market which enables you
to obtain as a lot as you may hold the opportunity to by
selling bakery products.
 You may hold the opportunity to be able of run a
bakery at your own and can get a great amount of
money in return of this all.
 So this is how you will hold the opportunity to be
successful of earn money from running this company.

16. Sheep and goat rearing
 The sheep unit represents a very reasonable livelihood
option for agricultural labourers as it require less
resources and not demand very specialized skills.
 Training institutions should organize training for rural
poor women in small ruminant production technologies
and its importance for income generation.

17.  Efforts should be made by both research and
development institutions to link up rural poor/women
with funding agencies.
 Rearing sheep requires less resource and is
appropriate where capital is scarce.
 Sheep rearing can provide part time self-employment
without affecting the main occupation for small and
marginal farmers.
Contd…

18. Tailoring and embroidery
The tailoring has got its own standard and quality in
stitching. Therefore MTRDS promotes this activity in
the rural women. Every year there are four batches
(15 members) are getting training after training women
starts their own units at their respective villages. The
units are running well.

20. Leaf Plate Making
 Now a day’s people are using leaf plates for all kinds
of occasions. There is a lot of demand for leaf plates
in market.
 SHG women members have been trained in leaf plate
making.
 They are able to meet the basic needs and other
needs like education of children, creation of assets
etc. by this activity.

23. TO ANALYZE THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMES
 Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana
 Swarna Jayanthi Swarozgar Yojana

24. Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
 PMRY was launched on 2nd October 1993 to assist
educated unemployed youth to set up self-
employment ventures .
 The target for the year 2004-05 and 2005-06 under
the yojana has been enhanced from 2.20 lakh
beneficiaries to 2.50 lakh beneficiaries per annum.

25. Objective of PMRY
 The PMRY aimed to provide employment to more
than a million persons by setting up of 7 lakh
enterprises by the educated unemployed youth.

26. Salient features of PMRY scheme :
1. This is centrally sponsored scheme.
2. The development commissioner (small scale
industries) under ministry of small scale, rural and
agro industries .
3. The respective commissioners or directors of
industries implement the scheme at the state level
4. The implementation agencies at the grass root level
are district industries center
5. The DCSSI has setup a special PMRY division in the
headquarters under the able guidance of an IAS
officers .

27. Conti..
 It also devised a complete feedback information by
the means of getting monthly, quarterly, and annual
progress report.
 Similarly at the state level, state level PMRY
committee meetings monitors the progress of the
scheme every quarterly.
 The yearly targets for number of beneficiaries for
each state is fixed by DCSSI.

28. Parameters of PMRY:
 Age
 Educational qualification
 Family income
 Residence
 Defaulter
 Activities covered
 Project cost

29. Conti..
 Subsidy and margin money
 Collateral
 Rate of interest and repayment schedule
 Training and other assistance
 Implementing agency
 Linkages of targets with recovery
 reservation

30. How the scheme is implemented
 Fixing of targets
 Allocation of targets by states
 Allocation of financial targets to banks
 Calling for PMRY applications
 Constituting the force committee
 Providing training to the selected candidates
 Monitoring and reviewing of PMRY

31. Income generating activities under this
programmes :
Si no NAME OF THE ACTIVITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT
1 Power tiller (2 no) 2,26,000
2 Milch cow (cross breed)10 number 2,55,000
3 Bamboo products 65,000
4 Brick making 87,000
5 Clay modeling 70,000
6 Ice and ice candy manufacturing 4,00,000
7 Husking mill cum wheat grinding 3,50,000
8 Bakery unit 3,50,000
9 Piggery 2,50,000

32. Income generating agriculture and other
activities :
Si no Name of the activities Financial support
1 Papaya cultivation 20000
2 Leman cultivation 20000
3 Vegetable cultivation 30000
4 Pumpset(up to 5H.P.) 25000
5 Milch cow 42000
6 Piggery 30000
7 Ginger cultivation 30000
8 Turmaric cultivation 30000

34. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar
Yojana(SGSY)
 SGSY has been launched from April 1999 to eradicate
unemployment problems and give economic
assistance to the rural poor and downtrodden peoples
by restructuring various self employment programmes.

35. Objective of SGSY:
 To bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgaries) above
the poverty line by providing them income –generating
assets a mix of bank credit and government subsidy .

36. IMPLIMENTING AGENCIES :
 District Development agencies (DRDAs)
 Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
 Banks
 Line departments
 Non –government organizations (NGOs)

37. Funding pattern:
The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarazgar Yojana
(SGSY)is financed on 75:25 cost sharing basis
between the central and state governments.

38. Salient features of Swaranjayanti Gram
Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY):
 It is a holistic programme for promoting self
employment of rural poor.
 Covers all aspects of self-employment of rural poor
organizations of rural poor into Self Help Groups
(SHGs)
 It ensures poor families to have monthly income of
at least Rs2000 .
 It is particularly focus on the most deprived groups
among the rural poor.

39. Conti..
 It is coordinated and consolidated efforts of all the
concerned agencies , block, panchayath, bank,
NGO,etc
 The scheme provides for the creation of Risk Fund
with 1%, consumption of loan not exceeding Rs2000
per Swarozgari.
 The bankers play Avery critical role in the
implementation of SGSY programme right from the
identification of activities, formation and evacuation.

40. Income generating activities adopted by Swa- Shakti
SHG members
Sl.
No . Income generating activities
1 Sheep and goat rearing
2 Dairy
3 Weaving
4 Bakery
5 Leaf plate making
6 Vegetable vending
7 Pickle making

41. Key activities for Self Help Group under SGSY:
Si no
NAME OF THE ACTIVITY TENTATIVE PROJECT
COST
1 Power tiller (2 no) 2,26,000
2 Milch cow (cross breed)10 number 2,55,000
3 Bamboo products 65,000
4 Pati shilpa 87,000
5 Clay modeling 70,000
6 Ice and ice candy manufacturing 4,00,000
7 Husking mill cum wheat grinding 3,50,000
8 Bakery unit 3,50,000
9 Piggery 2,50,000

42. Research studies

43. Analysis of Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana
in Salem and Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu .
Aralu prakash, R.2004.

44. Employment status of the respondents
Si no Employment status Prior to SGSY After SGSY
Frequen
cy
Percenta
ge
Frequen
cy
Percenta
ge
1 Unemployed 26 21.66
2 Under employed 94 78.33
3 Employed 84 70.00
4 Changed from wage
earner to self employed
36 30.00

45. Additional employment opportunities derived by the
respondents
Si no Additional employment
opportunities created
Frequency Percentage
1 Upto 100 man days 21 17.50
2 101-200 man days 52 42.33
3 201-300 man days 30 25.00
4 More than 300 man days 17 14.17

46. Monitory benefits derived by the respondents
Si no Incremental income Frequency Percentage
1 Rs 1000-Rs 2000 35 29.16
2 Rs 2001-Rs 4000 68 55.66
3 Rs 4001- Rs 6000 17 14.66

47. Non monitory benefits derived by the respondents
Si no Non-monitory benefits Frequency Percentage
1 Increased their communication
skill
51 42.50
2 Respect from society and
family members
68 56.66
3 Increased confidence level 30 25.00
4 Cropping pattern and intensity
changed
17 14.06
5 Household consumption of
dairy products
14 11.66

48. A critical analysis of Swa-Shakti Programme in
Karnataka .
Arunakumar Bevenahalli
,2005.

49. Income generating activities adopted by Swa- Shakti
SHG members
Si no Income
generating
activities
Challakeri
(n=60)
Chitradurg(n=60
)
Total (n=120)
No . % No . % No. %
1 Sheep and goat
rearing
18 30.33 20 33.33 38 31.67
2 Dairy 17 28.33 20 33.33 37 30.83
3 Weaving 10 16.67 10 8.33
4 Bakery 10 16.67 10 8.33
5 Leaf plate making 10 16.67 10 8.33
6 Vegetable vending 5 8.33 10 16.67 15 12.5
Total 60 100.0
0
60 100.00 120 100.0
0
n=120

50. Status of income of SHGs members before and after
joining SHGs
n=120
Si
no
Responden
ts
Percentag
e
Income (Rs)
Before joining
SHG
After joining SHG
1 7 5.82 3001-4000 6001-7000
2 5 4.51 3001-4000 7001-8000
3 28 23.32 4001-5000 8001-9000
4 50 41.65 6001-7000 9001-10000
5 19 15.91 7001-9000 10001-15000
6 11 9.15 8000-10000 15001-20000

51. Empowerment of rural women through income
generating activities in Gadag District of North
Karnataka.
Bharathamma,G.U.,2005.

52. Reasons for taking the income generating
activities:
Si no Reasons Frequency Percentage
1 Poor economic condition 85 70.80
2 There is no other source of
income
64 53.7
3 To pass time 21 17.5
4 Traditionally practiced 19 15.8
5 To buy assets 3 2.5
n=120

53. Benefits derived from the income generating
activities
Benefits Frequency Percentage
a)Monetary (Rs./month)
Rs .300 to 1500 87 72.5
Rs .1501 to 3000 27 22.5
Rs .>3000 6 5.0
b)Non –monetary benefits
Increased communication ability 115 95.8
Increased confidence level 100 83.3
Respect from the society 92 76.7
Respect from the family members 81 67.5
Enhanced household consumption of
products
75 62.5
n=120

54. Women Empowerment Through
Self Help Groups: A Case Study in
the North Tamil Nadu.
Vinayagamoorthy ,A., 2007

55. Sl.no Name of village Number of
SHGs
Total
member
s
1 Ponneri (vellori district) 6 130
2 Koodamalai (T.V. Malai
district)
8 138
3 Papparpatti(Dharmapuri
district)
6 130
Total 20 398
Locale of Study

56. Monthly Income of the Members Before and After Joining
SHGs
Before Joining SHGs After Joining SHGs
Sl.
No.
Monthly
Income Rs.
No. of
Respondents
Percentage No. of
Respondents
Percentage
1. Less than 1000 16 11.95 5 3.73
2. 1000-2000 25 18.66 26 19.40
3. 2000-3000 42 31.34 45 33.58
4. 3000-4000 4 2.96 14 10.45
5. 4000-5000 10 7.46 33 24.63
6. 5000-6000 5 3.75 6 4.48
7. Above 6000 2 1.49 3 2.23
8. Non-earning
members
30 22.39 2 1.49
Total 134 100.00 134 100.00

57. Monthly Family Expenditure of the Members Before
and After Joining SHGs
Before Joining SHGs After Joining SHGs
Sl.
No.
Monthly
Income Rs.
No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
%
1. Less than
1000
45 33.58 21 15.67
2. 1000-2000 56 41.79 35 26.12
3. 2000-3000 25 18.66 44 32.84
4. 3000-4000 5 3.73 25 18.65
5. Above 4000 3 2.24 9 6.72
134 100.00 134 100.00

62. CONCLUSION
Rural Development Programmes like PMRY,
SGSY, IRDP, TRYSEM and DWCRA are good
programmes especially for the upliftment of the
rural people to enhancing their income level. Hence,
it is believed that some of these programmes are
now helping rural poor to become more and more
independent and free from economic dependence.

63. Thank you