PLEASE DOWNLOAD TO SEE ANIMATION.
In vitro analog of the primitive streak: efficient derivation of highly enriched populations of hepatocytes from various types of human pluripotent stem cells.
May, 2011
Presentation from the ECDC expert consultation on Whole Genome Sequencing organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 19 November 2015
K-mers in metagenomics
K-mers play a critical role in the exploration of metagenomic data. They have been widely used to assign taxonomic attributions to the short genomic fragments characteristic of shotgun (metagenomic) sequencing. These approaches provide an assembly-free method for profiling microbial communities, and have helped elucidate the factors driving microbial community composition across biogeochemical gradients. Advances in sequencing technology are now making it cost-effective to sequence microbial communities at sufficient depths to allow for the assembly of high-quality contigs. This has made it possible to adopt k-mer based approaches to enable reliable binning of contigs originating from a single microbial population within a community. In this session, I will present both an overview of how k-mers can be used to assign taxonomic attributions to short metagenomic reads, and discuss how these approaches have advanced to a point where population genomes can be recovered en masse from even complex microbial communities.
Dr. Douglas Marthaler - Use of Next Generation Sequencing for Whole Genome An...John Blue
Use of Next Generation Sequencing for Whole Genome Analysis of Pathogens - Dr. Douglas Marthaler, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Presentation from the ECDC expert consultation on Whole Genome Sequencing organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 19 November 2015
K-mers in metagenomics
K-mers play a critical role in the exploration of metagenomic data. They have been widely used to assign taxonomic attributions to the short genomic fragments characteristic of shotgun (metagenomic) sequencing. These approaches provide an assembly-free method for profiling microbial communities, and have helped elucidate the factors driving microbial community composition across biogeochemical gradients. Advances in sequencing technology are now making it cost-effective to sequence microbial communities at sufficient depths to allow for the assembly of high-quality contigs. This has made it possible to adopt k-mer based approaches to enable reliable binning of contigs originating from a single microbial population within a community. In this session, I will present both an overview of how k-mers can be used to assign taxonomic attributions to short metagenomic reads, and discuss how these approaches have advanced to a point where population genomes can be recovered en masse from even complex microbial communities.
Dr. Douglas Marthaler - Use of Next Generation Sequencing for Whole Genome An...John Blue
Use of Next Generation Sequencing for Whole Genome Analysis of Pathogens - Dr. Douglas Marthaler, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
With decades of experience in the fields of genomics sequencing, CD Genomics is devoted to providing unprecedented amounts of microbial metatranscriptomic data. Our strong expertise in the informative and unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing service is guaranteed by state-of-the-art high throughput sequencers, flexible sequencing strategies, and professional bioinformatics pipelines.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biomedical Research (2014).
Session: 2.1.3- Next Generation Sequencing. Technologies and Applications. Part III: NGS Applications II.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) & High Technology Unit (UAT) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
QIAseq Technologies for Metagenomics and Microbiome NGS Library PrepQIAGEN
In this slide deck, learn about the innovative technologies that form the basis of QIAGEN’s portfolio of QIAseq library prep solutions for metagenomics and microbiome sequencing. Whether your research starts from single microbial cells, 16s rRNA PCR amplicons, or gDNA for whole genome analysis, QIAseq technologies offer tips and tricks for capturing the genomic diversity of your samples in the most unbiased, streamlined way possible.
The direct microinjection of DNA into the cytoplasm or nuclei of cultured cells is sometimes used as a transfection method. It is highly efficient at the level of individual cells. The most significant use of this technique is introduction of DNA into the oocytes, eggs and embryos of animals, either for transient expression analysis (e.g. in fish or Xenopus) or to generate transgenic animals (e.g. mice, Drosophilathis). The procedure is time consuming and only a small number of cells can be treated. Originally, this technique was used for the transformation of cells that were resistant to any other method of transfection. Stable transfection efficiencies are extremely high, in the order of 20%, and very small quantities of DNA are sufficient.
This technique provides direct nuclear delivery of DNA avoiding the endogenous pathway and also ensures that the DNA is delivered intact. Microinjection is suitable for the introduction of large vectors such as YACs into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs. DNA delivered in this manner must be very pure so it needs a lot of preparation as it is necessary to avoid fragmentation. Shearing can also occur in the delivery needle, and large DNA fragments are often protected by suspension in a high salt buffer and/or mixing with polyamines and other protective agents. Now transfection of cultured cells is automated with computer-controlled micromanipulation and microinjection processes as well as the automated production of injection capillaries and the standardization of cell preparation procedure.
Single Cell Insights: Studying Environmental Microbial Communities Cell by CellQIAGEN
Dissecting complex microbial communities has incredible potential in the quest to decipher the world around us and find new sources of enzymes, antibiotics and other drugs. The challenge that remains is how to gain a deeper understanding of the roles and interactions of individual microbes. Single cell sequencing has emerged as an innovative investigational approach that provides a view of the cell-by-cell community by separating out individual microbes prior to sequencing. This issue of Single Cell Insights reviews peer-reviewed journal articles that describe applications and methodologies for single cell sequencing of environmental microbial communities.
COVID-19: Biology, Transmission, and DetectionAlejandroAlRuiz
A short PowerPoint for those interested in learning more about the biology of SARS-CoV-2, how it is transmitted, and what are the current methods of detection. This PowerPoint also demonstrates how we can begin to teach about SARS-CoV-2 in our classrooms.
Next generation Sequencing or massive parallel sequencing is a high throughput approach to sequence genetic material using the concept of massively parallel processing. It is also called second generation sequencing.This enables researchers a wide variety of applications & study biological systems.
It is a circular DNA molecule 4.6 million base pairs in length, containing 4288 annotated protein-coding genes (organized into 2584 operons), seven ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons, and 86 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.
With decades of experience in the fields of genomics sequencing, CD Genomics is devoted to providing unprecedented amounts of microbial metatranscriptomic data. Our strong expertise in the informative and unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing service is guaranteed by state-of-the-art high throughput sequencers, flexible sequencing strategies, and professional bioinformatics pipelines.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biomedical Research (2014).
Session: 2.1.3- Next Generation Sequencing. Technologies and Applications. Part III: NGS Applications II.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) & High Technology Unit (UAT) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
QIAseq Technologies for Metagenomics and Microbiome NGS Library PrepQIAGEN
In this slide deck, learn about the innovative technologies that form the basis of QIAGEN’s portfolio of QIAseq library prep solutions for metagenomics and microbiome sequencing. Whether your research starts from single microbial cells, 16s rRNA PCR amplicons, or gDNA for whole genome analysis, QIAseq technologies offer tips and tricks for capturing the genomic diversity of your samples in the most unbiased, streamlined way possible.
The direct microinjection of DNA into the cytoplasm or nuclei of cultured cells is sometimes used as a transfection method. It is highly efficient at the level of individual cells. The most significant use of this technique is introduction of DNA into the oocytes, eggs and embryos of animals, either for transient expression analysis (e.g. in fish or Xenopus) or to generate transgenic animals (e.g. mice, Drosophilathis). The procedure is time consuming and only a small number of cells can be treated. Originally, this technique was used for the transformation of cells that were resistant to any other method of transfection. Stable transfection efficiencies are extremely high, in the order of 20%, and very small quantities of DNA are sufficient.
This technique provides direct nuclear delivery of DNA avoiding the endogenous pathway and also ensures that the DNA is delivered intact. Microinjection is suitable for the introduction of large vectors such as YACs into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs. DNA delivered in this manner must be very pure so it needs a lot of preparation as it is necessary to avoid fragmentation. Shearing can also occur in the delivery needle, and large DNA fragments are often protected by suspension in a high salt buffer and/or mixing with polyamines and other protective agents. Now transfection of cultured cells is automated with computer-controlled micromanipulation and microinjection processes as well as the automated production of injection capillaries and the standardization of cell preparation procedure.
Single Cell Insights: Studying Environmental Microbial Communities Cell by CellQIAGEN
Dissecting complex microbial communities has incredible potential in the quest to decipher the world around us and find new sources of enzymes, antibiotics and other drugs. The challenge that remains is how to gain a deeper understanding of the roles and interactions of individual microbes. Single cell sequencing has emerged as an innovative investigational approach that provides a view of the cell-by-cell community by separating out individual microbes prior to sequencing. This issue of Single Cell Insights reviews peer-reviewed journal articles that describe applications and methodologies for single cell sequencing of environmental microbial communities.
COVID-19: Biology, Transmission, and DetectionAlejandroAlRuiz
A short PowerPoint for those interested in learning more about the biology of SARS-CoV-2, how it is transmitted, and what are the current methods of detection. This PowerPoint also demonstrates how we can begin to teach about SARS-CoV-2 in our classrooms.
Next generation Sequencing or massive parallel sequencing is a high throughput approach to sequence genetic material using the concept of massively parallel processing. It is also called second generation sequencing.This enables researchers a wide variety of applications & study biological systems.
It is a circular DNA molecule 4.6 million base pairs in length, containing 4288 annotated protein-coding genes (organized into 2584 operons), seven ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons, and 86 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.
SEM, SEO e SEA. Principi di Marketing sui motori di ricerca Mediamorfosi Srl
Slide del Workshop sul Marketing Digitale ad opera di Mediamorfosi. Principi di SEM (Search Engine Marketing) con focus sulle sue declinazioni SEO e SEA.
Five Pillars of Fate: Ancient Greek Astrologyantoine garth
This information is preliminary material from "The Five Pillars of Fate" book, based on the work of 2nd century astrologer Vettius Valens and his Anthology.
Five of what are known as the "arabic parts" are the foundation of this astrological system which provides the most accurate method of predicting fame in the natal chart. Indeed, not only fame, but the general nature of a native's fate and fortune.
Chapter one of "The Five Pillars of Fate" is available free when you register at http://ancientsky.com
Derivation of highly enriched cultures of differentiated cells from human par...Nikolay Turovets
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) & Medical Research Council (MRC)
Human SCNT Workshop.
14 June, 2010, San Francisco, CA
Workshop report: http://www.cirm.ca.gov/files/PDFs/Publications/Human_SCNT_Workshop_Report.pdf
PLEASE DOWNLOAD TO SEE ANIMATION.
San Diego Research Ethics Consortium,
Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
Workshop, Parthenogenetic stem cell lines: Ethical considerations.
8 July 2011, La Jolla, CA
Determination and comparison rate of expression markers of osteoblast derived...IJERD Editor
Nowadays high accident rates, fractures leading to permanent bone disorders and the impossibility of bone transplant have made scientists to look for new methods of repairing injured bones. Considering the application of stem cells in bone tissue engineering, there exists the necessity to investigate various culture methods and suitable fields and scaffolds. Thus, we decided to induce adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast cells in two systems of pellet culture and monolayer and compare osteogenic markers. Methods: Stem cells have been separated via mechanical and enzymatic methods and cultured in monolayer and pellet culture models with osteogenic medium. Then, RNA was separated from differentiated cells, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and amplified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was transferred to electrophoresis gel. The intensity of the bands was measured by Image-J software and analyzed by SPSS.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
Models of Human Diseases Conference (2010) Tetrahymena model by Dr. R. Pearl...Medical Education Advising
The Ciliate Protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila as an important animal model organism
Dr. R.E. Pearlman, York University
Models of Human Diseases Conference
June 29, 2010
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
In Vitro Analog of the Primitive Streak (ANIMATED)
1. Turovets Nikolay, PhD Director of Research and Therapeutic Development International Stem Cell Corporation May, 2011 Efficient derivation of highly enriched populations of hepatocytes from various types of human pluripotent stem cells In vitro Analog of the Primitive Streak: www.turovets.com
2. Differentiation days Developmental signaling Derivation of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: the first step is a key of purity Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com hpSC Definitive endoderm (DE) derivation DE-specification toward hepatocyte fate Hepatocyte development Hepatocyte Maturation 0 3 8 13 18 … Activin A Wnt3A FGF4 BMP2 HGF OSM Dex
4. Differentiation signaling Derivation of high-purity definitive endoderm using an in vitro analog of the primitive streak Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com Extracellular matrix Definitive endoderm Pluripotent stem cells
5. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition is engine of cell migration in the 3D-differentiation system Differentiation days Developmental signaling Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com hpSC Definitive endoderm (DE) derivation DE-specification toward hepatocyte fate Hepatocyte development Hepatocyte-like cells maturation 0 3 8 13 18 … Activin A Wnt3A FGF4 BMP2 HGF OSM Dex
6.
7.
8.
9. Human pluripotent stem cells undergoing differentiation toward definitive endoderm in the 3D-differentiation system demonstrate appropriate gene expression dynamics Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
10. Human pluripotent stem cells undergoing differentiation toward definitive endoderm in the 3D-differentiation system demonstrate appropriate developmental transitions Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
11.
12. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates absence of undifferentiated (OCT4-positive) cells in the DE cultures collected from the 3D-ECM of the differentiation system Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
13. flat plastic dish 3D-differentiation system Other cell types in population Definitive endoderm Definitive endoderm Other cell types in population 92% 51% 49% 8% 3D- differentiation system enables the derivation of high-purity DE from human pluripotent stem cells CXCR4 CXCR4 Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
14. Differentiation days Developmental signaling Early hepatocyte progenitors derived in the 3D-differentiation system have appropriate hepatocyte morphology and start expression of AFP and albumin on day 6 of differentiation Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com hpSC Definitive endoderm (DE) derivation DE-specification toward hepatocyte fate Hepatocyte development Hepatocyte-like cells maturation 0 3 8 13 18 … Activin A Wnt3A FGF4 BMP2 HGF OSM Dex
15. Upon addition of HGF to the culture medium differentiated cultures derived in the 3D-differentition system exhibited AFP gene expression 5 times higher than cultures derived in flat plastic dish days of differentiation 3D-differentiation system flat plastic dish Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com hpSC Definitive endoderm Early AFP-expressing hepatocyte progenitors + HGF/ hepatocyte maturation factor 0 3 8
16. Marker expression by early hepatocyte progenitors derived in 3D-differentiation system Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
17. Differentiation days Developmental signaling Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com hpSC Definitive endoderm (DE) derivation DE-specification toward hepatocyte fate Hepatocyte development Hepatocyte-like cells maturation 0 3 8 13 18 … Activin A Wnt3A FGF4 BMP2 HGF OSM Dex
18. Highly enriched cultures of hepatocyte-like cells derived in 3D-differentiation system possessed functions associated with human hepatocytes: glycogen storage (PAS test) and ICG uptake and release ICG test PAS test glycogen storage Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
19. Highly enriched cultures of hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived in 3D-differentiation system demonstrate P450 activity Pentoxyresorufin O-Dealkylase (PROD) assay CYP7A1 CYP7A1 HLC HepG2 Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
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21.
22. Cell Transplantation , 2011 doi: 10.3727/096368911X582723 Derivation of High-Purity Definitive Endoderm from Human Parthenogenetic Stem Cells Using an in vitro Analog of the Primitive Streak Turovets N., Fair J., West R., Ostrowska A., Semechkin R., Janus J., Li Cui, Agapov V., Turovets I., Semechkin A., Csete M., Agapova L. Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com
23. Team University of California, San Diego, CA Marie Csete, M.D., Ph.D. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA Jeffrey Fair, M.D. Organovo, San Diego, CA Li Cui, Ph.D. West Labs Scientific, Kalamazoo, MI Richard West International Stem Cell Corporation, Oceanside, CA Nikolay Turovets, Ph.D. Larissa Agapova, Ph.D. Alina Ostrowska, Ph.D. Jeffrey Janus Irina Turovets Vladimir Agapov Olga Kochetkova Nikolay Turovets, PhD www.turovets.com