This document discusses various topics related to improving food resources through agriculture, including: - Major crops grown during rainy and winter seasons in India such as maize, paddy, wheat and mustard. - Stages of farming practices like selecting seeds, nurturing crops, protecting and harvesting crops. - Methods to improve crop production including crop variety improvement through hybridization and genetic manipulation, nutrient management, irrigation, pest control, and storage. - Sources of plant nutrients from air, water and soil including macro and micronutrients. - Sources of food worldwide including fish production from marine and freshwater, cattle farming for milk and labor, and bee-keeping for honey production.

1. Improvement in Food
Resources - Agriculture

2. Rainy season crops

3. Kharif Season
Maize
Paddy
pigeon pea

4. Rabi Season
Wheat Peas Mustard

5. Major Types of Agriculture

6. Stages of
Farming Practices
Choice of seeds
For planting
Nurturing of the
crop
Protection of the
growing crops and
Harvested crops
from loss
Crop Production
Improvement by
Crop variety
Improvement by
Different methods
Crop protection
management
•Hybridization
•Genetic
manipulation
•Nutrient management or
mineralnutrition of plants
•Manures and fertilisers
•Organic farming
•Irrigation
•Cropping patterns
•Insects-pests
control
•Diseases control
•Weeds control
•Scientific storage of
grains

8. Parent 1
(with a desired character)
(e.g., high yield)
Parent 2
(with a desired character)
(e.g., disease resistant)
Offspring
(Hybrid)

9. Sources Plant Nutrients No.
Air Carbon, Oxygen (2)
Water Hydrogen (1)
Soil 1. Macronutrients-
Nitrogen,
Phosphorus,
Potassium,
Sulphur
2. Micronutrients-
Manganese,
Copper,
Molybdenum,
Chlorine, Calcium
(4)
(9)

10. NutritioN Value of aNimal
Product
aNima
l
Produ
ct
PerceN
t (%)
Nutriti
oN
fat Protei
N
Sugar miNera
lS
Water Vitami
NS
milk
(coW)
3.60 4.00 4.50 0.70 87.20 B1.B2,
B12,d
egg 12.00 13.00 * 1.00 74.00 B2,d
meat 3.60 21.10 * 1.10 74.20 B2,B12
fiSh 2.50 19.00 * 1.30 77.20 NiaciN,
d,a

11. Sources of food worldwide

12. Fish Production
Fish is a cheap source
of animal protein for our
food. Fish production
includes the finned true
fish as well as selfish
such as Prawns &
Molluscs .
The water source of the
fish can be either
seawater or fresh water,
such as in rivers and
ponds. Fishing can thus
be done both by capture
and culture of fish in
marine water and
freshwater ecosystem

13. Cattle Farming
Cattle Husbandry is
done for two purpose
milk and drought labor
for agriculture work such
as tilling, irrigation and
carting. Indian such
belong to two different
species, Bos indicus,
Cows, and Bos bubalis,
Buuffaloes.Milk-
producing females are
called mulch animal
(diary animal), while the
ones used for farm
labour are called drought
animal.

14. And Cows still with us.
1525 of VT’s 6800 farms are dairy
Jersey cows bred in VT
helped make VT butter
and cheese famous!
Breeding & other ag research remain
import to VT’s economy and
environment.

15. Bee-Keeping
Honey is widely used and
therefore bee-keeping for
making honey has become
an agriculture enterprise.
Since bee-keeping needs
low investments, farmers
use it as an additional
income generation activity.
The local varieties of bees
used for commercial honey
production are Apis Cerana
Indica, commonly known as
the Indian Bee, A.
dorsata, the rock bee and
A. florae, the little bee.
This is variety commonly
used for commercial honey
production