Animal husbandry involves the feeding, caring for, and breeding of domestic animals. It requires planning their shelter, breeding, health management, disease control, and economic use. Common livestock includes cattle, buffalo, horses, goats, sheep, and camels. As population and living standards increase, demand for milk, eggs, and meat is also rising, as is awareness of humane treatment of livestock. Cattle husbandry provides milk and labor, while buffalo milk is especially rich and ideal for products like khoa, rabri, and ghee. Proper shelter, cleaning, and disease prevention are important for animal health and milk production. Poultry farming is also significant in providing protein and includes chickens

1. TOPIC

2. The branch of agriculture that deal with the feeding caring & breeding
of domestic animal is called animal husbandry. Husbanding means to
use a resource carefully & without waste. Thus, animal farming or
animal husbandry requires planning for domestic animals shelter
breeding health disease control &proper economic utlisation. Our
domestic animals or livestock includes those animals which are raised
for farming, e.g., cattle(cow ,bull or ox), buffalo, yak ,horse ,ass, goat,
sheep, camel etc.
As the population increase &as living standard increase, the demand
for milk egg & meat is also going up .also ,the growing awareness of
the need for humane treatment of livestock has brought in limitation
in livestock farming. Thus, livestock production also needs to be
improved.

3. Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes-
Milk &draught labor for agricultural work such as tilling,
irrigation & carting. Indian cattle belong two different species
, Bos indicus, cow,& Bos bubalius , buffaloes. Milk-producing
females are called milch animal (dairy animal),while the ones
used for farm labour are called draught animals.
Buffalo is most productive economic animal. Along, buffalo milk
is richer in fat, tocopherol (vitamin E),protein, calcium
,phosphorus, contain low sodium potassium cholesterol. Buffalos
milk is ideal for making milk product such as khoa ,rabri, dhai
ghee, etc., is always in great demand. Certain vitamins such as
vitamins A&D are also present in milk

4. The requirement of proper cleaning & shelter for cow & buffaloes is must due
two reasons (1).for the production of clean milk; (2)for the heath of animal.
Both cow & buffalo require regular brushing to remove dirt & loose hairs. They
should be sheltered under well-ventilated roofed sheds that protect them fro
rain ,heat, cold. The floor of the cattle shed needs to be sloping so as to stay
dry & to facilitate cleaning.
The requirements of dairy animals are of two type;
Maintenance requirements: the food is required by the animal to perform the
basic function of life.
Milk producing requirement: it include the type of food require during lactation
period .

5. Cow & buffalo suffer from various diseases. The diseases adversely affect
the production of milk & causes mortality of sick animal .
Skin diseases

6. The poultry farming industry with its production in the form of egg & meat
is of particular importance in providing a balanced diet for the human
population. The word poultry has originated from the old French word
‘poult’ means chickens the young one common domestic fowl. So this
word should have been used only for domestication of chicken or fowls.
However, poultry also includes ducks ,geese , turkeys , guinea-fowls and
pigeons .poultry is the choice of million has staple food world over. In our
country also chicken and egg are choiced poultry products of large section
of non-vegetarian population, since it serve as a cheep source of animal
protein. India is the fifth largest country in the world in poultry production
after china , former USSR,USA and Japan.
VARITY IMPROVEMENT
The programmes of cross breeding between Indian &foreign breeds for
verity improvement are focused to developed new varieties for the following
desirable traits:
1. Quantity &quality of chicks;
2. Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production for summer
adaptation capacity/ tolerance to high temperature;
3. Low maintenance requirement;
4.Reduction in the size of the layer with ability to utilize more , cheap diet
formulated using agricultural by products.

7. Broiler chicken are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary feed for good
growth rate & better feed efficiency. care is taken to avoid mortality & to
maintain feathering &carcass quality. They are produced as broiler & sent to
market for meat purposes.
For good production of poultry bird s good management practices are
important. These includes maintenance of temperature & hygienic
condition in house & poultry feed, as well as prevention & control of
diseases & pests. The housing nutritional &environmental requirement
of broiler are somewhat different from those of egg layers. The ration
(daily food requirement) for broiler is protein rich with adequate fat.
The level of vitamins A& K is kept high in the poultry feed.

8. Poultry fowl suffer from a number of diseases caused by
virus, Bactria fungi, parasites, as well as from nutritional
deficiencies. These necessitate proper cleaning, sanitation,
spraying of disinfectants at regular intervals. Appropriate
vaccination can prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases
& reduce loss of poultry during an outbreak of diseases.
Birds suffering
from skin disease

9. Fish is an important aquatic food which is rich in proteins. A large
section of Indian population uses fish food , particularly the one
living in coastal area. It is highly nutritious & easily digestible .fish
can be used for eradicating problem of malnutrition.
There are two ways of obtaining fish. one is from the natural
resource , which is called capture fishing. the other way is by fish
farming , which is called cultural fishery.
The water source of the fish can be either sea water or fresh water
, such as in rivers & ponds. Fishing can be done both by capture &
culture of fish in marine & freshwater ecosystem.
India's marine fishery resources include 7500km of coastline & the deep
seas beyond it. popular marine fish verities include pomphret, mackerel,
tuna sardines,& Bombay duck. Marine fish are caught using many kind of
fishing nets from fishing boats. Yield are increased by locating large
schools of fish in the open sea using satellites & echo-sounders .some
marine fish of high economic value are also farmed in seawater.

10. Fresh water resources includes canal, pond, reservoirs & river. brackish
water resources, where sea water &fresh water mix together, such as
estuaries & lagoons are also important fish reservoirs. While capture
fishing is also done in such inland water bodies, the yield is not high.
Most fish production from these resources is through aquaculture.
Fish culture is sometimes done in combination with a rice crop, so that
fish are grown in the water in the paddy field. More intensive fish
farming can be done in composite fish culture system. Both local &
imported fish species are used in such system.
In such system , a combination of five or six fishes spices is used in a
single fishpond. These species are selected so that they do not
compete for food habits. As a result, the food available in all the part
of the pond is used & this increase the fish yield from the pond.

11. One problem with such composite culture is that many of these fish breed
only during monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild , it can be
mixed with that of other species as well. So, a major problem in fish is lack of
availability of good quality seed to overcome this problem , ways have now
been worked out to breed these fish in pound using hormonal stimulation .
This has ensured the supply of pure fish seed in desire quantities
FISHES

12. The practice of bee keeping is called apiculture. It is done to get honey,
beeswax, etc . Honey is known to have medicinal value . it is fond to be
quite useful in the treatment of various disorders of humans relate to
digestion, dysentery, vomiting& stomach & liver ailment. Honey is supposed
to be blood purifier, cure against cough,& cold sore throat, ulcers of the
tongue, ulcer of stomach& intestine , etc. since honey is rich in iron
&calcium, it helps in growth of human body .
Bee keeping being a low – investment enterprise has become a favourite
source of some extra income for the Indian farmers. Hey have started to do
bee keeping along with their usual agricultural practices.bee keeping also
help in cross pollination of flowers of crop plant, since pollen are
transferred from one flower to another by bees while they are collecting the
nectar.
Poison of bee used in manufacturing of certain ayurvedic & homeopathic
medicines

13. The value & quality of honey depend upon the pasturage, or the
flower available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection .in
addition to the adequate quality of pasturage , the kind of flower
available will determine the taste of the honey.
Honey bee are commonly infected by viruses ,bacteria ,
fungi and protozoa. For example , the bacterium
bacillus apisceptious infect blood of bee causing
septicemia.
THREE DIFFERENT
CASTES OF A COLONY
OF HONEY BEE
QUEEN WOREKER DRONE