I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget. Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com Chapter 15, Improvement in Food Resources, Science, Class 9 FOOD DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL - VALUE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROP WITH SEASON CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT MANURE & FERTILIZERS IRRIGATION  IRRIGATION METHODS  RAINWATER HARVESTING CROPPING PATTERNS CROP ROTATION  CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT PESTS DISEASES STORAGE OF GRAINS HOW TO PREVENT STORAGE LOSS?  ANIMAL HUSBANDRY POULTRY FARMING BENEFITS OF CROSS BREEDING FISH PRODUCTION MARINE FISHERIES INLAND FISHERIES  COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE BEEKEEPING Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics. By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)

1. CHAPTER –15
IMPROVEMENT IN
FOOD RESOURCES
BY SHIVAM PARMAR
(ENTREPRENEUR & TEACHER)

2. FOOD
Food is one of the basic needs for all living
organisms. Food provides nutrients like
carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals.
Problem: India is an agriculture oriented country
but still lack of food due to growing population.
• Green Revolution (Food Production)
• White Revolution (Milk Production)
• Blue Revolution (Fish Production)
• Yellow Revolution (Oil Production)

3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS AND THEIR
NUTRITIONAL VALUE

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROP WITH SEASON

5. CROP VARIETY
IMPROVEMENT
High Yield.
Improved Quality: Should give more nutrients
(carbohydrates,proteins).
Biotic Resistance: Resistance to diseases due to living micro-
organisms.
Abiotic Resistance: Resistanceto problems due to non-living
things
like drought,heat,heat, cold, frost,water logging,salinity
(excess salt).

6. CROP VARIETY
IMPROVEMENT
Less Maturity Duration: Short duration
crops require less costing and more
rounds of crop.
Wider Adaptability: Crops which can
grow in different conditions, will help in
setting high production.
Desired Agronomic Traits: Crops which
contain desired agronomic traits (height,
branching, leaf), sets high production.

7. CROP PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
• Nutrients are the compoundsin food
that provide us with energy that
facilitates repair and growth and helps
to carry out different life processes.
• The nutrients that are required in large
quantities are called Macronutrients.
• The nutrients that are required in small
quantities are called Micronutrients.
Nutrient Management

9. MANURE FERTILIZERS
Easily made using animal and
plant waste.
Made in factories in well defined
way.
No harmful effect as fully natural. Side effects as it is a chemicals.
Good for long term soil fertility.
Not good for long term soil
fertility, If uses in excessive
amount.
Not effective as fertilisers.
Very effective in obtaining fast
result.
It is very cheap. It is very costly.

10. IRRIGATION
• It is a process of
application of water in
controlled amounts at
regular intervals to the
crops.
• Irrigation methods are
adopted at various
places especially in
areas of low rainfall to
ensure the proper
growth of crops.

11. IRRIGATION METHODS
1. Wells: Two types of wells are used for
irrigation:
• Tube well
• Dug Wells
• Both are used to extract the underground
water.
2. River Lift System: A river lift system is
used to draw water from the rivers directly
for irrigational purposes.
3. Tanks: farmers often use small storage
reservoir that can store as well as supply
water in the small fields.

12. RAINWATER HARVESTING
Instead of just letting the
rainwater flow away farmers often
store it in the reservoir tank.
Watershed Management: Small
dams are built on the rivers and
streams in order to increase the
ground levels of the area. These
check dams prevent water from
flowing away and causing soil
erosion.

13. CROPPING PATTERNS
Different cropping patterns are used by farmers in order to increase the crop
yield:
MIXED CROPPING -
• It is a cropping pattern in which two or more crops are grown together in the
same field.
• For Example, wheat and gram, wheat and mustard, groundnut and
sunflower.
INTERCROPPING -
• It is a cropping method in which two or more crops are grown together in a
field but in a specific pattern.
• For Example, soybean and maize, finger millets and cowpea.

14. CROP ROTATION
If farmers grow the same
crop on the land for long-
term the same nutrients
keep on depleting from the
soil which leads to a
decrease in the soil fertility.
Planting different crops on
rotation can lead to a better
yield.

15. CROP PROTECTION
MANAGEMENT
Factors that can
affect the
production of
crops are weeds,
pests and
diseases.
Weeds:Along with
crops,sometimes
some other plants
also grow up which
are not needed.
These are called
weeds.
Weedicides are
sprayed on the
fields that can kill
them as they do
not harm any
crops.
Weeds can be
uprooted manually
by the farmers.

16. PESTS
Several insects and pests can
affect the crops in different ways:
They can cut the parts of the crops
like fruits, leaves and stems.
Pesticides and insecticides are
sprayed on the fields to kill the
germs.

17. DISEASES
• Microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses often attack
the crops and affect them. These pathogens can be
transmitted to the crops via soil, water or air.
Disease Management Methods -
• Selecting the crop that suits the temperature and climatic
conditions of the place.
• Planting the seeds on right time.
• Using herbicides

18. STORAGE OF GRAINS
Factors that lead to storage losses of crops are:
• Biotic Factors: Like insects, fungi, bacteria, rodents and
mites
• Abiotic Factors: Like excessive temperature and moisture.

19. HOW TO PREVENT STORAGE LOSS?
Maintaining
Maintaining the
storage houses
properly
Cleaning
Cleaning the
grains properly
before storage
Drying
Drying the grains
properly before
storage in sunlight
as well as in the
shade

20. ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY
• Animal husbandry is the
scientific management of
animal livestock. It includes
caring, breeding and
management of livestock.
CATTLE FARMING -
• Milk
• Draught Labour

21. POULTRY FARMING
Poultry farming mainly refers to growing and protecting
various types of domestic fowl commercially.”
• Management of fowls are done for two purposes-
• Production of the eggs.
• Production of chicken meat
Examples of Poultry Birds:
• Indigenous breeds: Aseel, Burosa
• Foreign breeds: Leghorn, Black Minorca

22. BENEFITS
OF CROSS
BREEDING
Foreign breeds of chicken are crossed with Indian breeds
to achieve high quality. It thus has better traits such as:
Increase in a number of chicks.
Summer Adaption Capacity
Low maintenance requirements
Cheap Diets

23. FISH
PRODUCTION
• Fish is a cheap source
of animal protein for
our food.
Fish production is of
two types:
• From Natural
Resources - Capture
Fishing
• From Fish Farming -
Culture Fishing

24. MARINE FISHERIES
Marine fishes are
caught using fishnets
and mechanical
capturing techniques.
The main source of
marine fishes is
marine water or salt
water.
For Example - tuna,
Bombay duck,
prawns

25. INLAND FISHERIES
Fishes found in
lakes, ponds,
lagoons and rivers
are captured.
For Example,
silver carp,
common carp

26. COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE
5 to 6 varieties in
a single
fishpond.
Examples: Catla,
Rohu, Mrigals,
Common Carps

27. BEE – KEEPING
Practice of keeping,
caring & management
of honeybees on a large
scale for obtaining
honey & wax.
Some common Indian
varieties of bees include
apis cerana indica
(Indian bee), dorsata
(rock bee), florae (little
bee).

28. BEE – KEEPING
One Italian variety mellifera
is also used in India for
commercial large scale
production because of its
following advantages:
1. High honey collection
capacity.
2. They reproduce fast.
3. They sting less.
4. They stay in a beehive
for long time.

29. THANK YOU