This document discusses various ways to improve food resources in India to meet the growing demand of its large population. It focuses on improving crop yields through developing new high-yielding crop varieties, improving production methods, protecting crops from pests, and improving soil fertility through nutrient management. It also discusses improving irrigation, using optimal cropping patterns, advances in animal husbandry like dairy and poultry farming, increasing fish production through aquaculture, and beekeeping. The overall goal is to sustainably increase food production while protecting natural resources.

1. IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD
RESOURCES
SUBMITTED BY- ISHITA TANWAR
CLASS- IX-A
ROLL NUMBER- 14

2. INTRODUCTION
 All living organisms need food. Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins
and minerals, which are require for body development, growth and health. Both
plants and animals are major sources of food for living organisms. Most of this food
is obtained from agriculture and animal husbandry.
 India is a very populous country. Our population is more than one billion people, and
it is still growing. For this growing population, there will be need more than a quarter
of a billion tons of grain every year.
 Efforts to meet the food demand by increasing food production have led to some
successes so far, but natural resources are getting used more intensively. As the
population is increasing and there is more pressure on the natural resources, there are
chances of causing damage to the natural resources and destroying their balance
completely.
 Hence there is need for improvement in food resources. To meet the requirement to
feed billions of people.

3. IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELD
 Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum provide carbohydrates for energy
requirement. Vegetables, spices and fruits provide a range of vitamins and minerals in addition
to small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
 In India there has been a four times increase in the production of food grains from
1952 to 2010 with only 25% increase in the cultivable land area.
 Major group activities for improving crop yield are:
1. Crop variety improvement
2. Crop production improvement
3. Crop protection management

4. IMPROVEMENT IN CROP VARIETY AND
PRODUCTION
 For new varieties of crops should be accepted, it is necessary that the variety of crop
should produce high yields under different conditions which are found in different
areas.
 Farmers need to be provided with good quality seeds of a particular variety, that is,
the seeds should all be of the same variety and germinate under the same
conditions.
 To increase production of crops farmers should be provided with high quality inputs
and irrigation facilities.
 Production activities are at different levels which include:
 No cost production
 Low cost production
 High cost production

5. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
 Just as human beings need food for development, growth and well-being, plants also
require nutrients for growth. Nutrients are supplied to plants by air, water and soil.
 Deficiency of nutrients affects physiological processes in plants including reproduction,
growth and susceptibility to diseases. To increase the yield, the soil is be enriched by
supplying these nutrients in the form of manure and fertilizers.

6. COMPARING MANURE AND FERTILIZER IN
MAINTINING SOIL FERTILITY
MANURE
 It is a natural substance obtained by the
decomposition of cattle dung ,human
waste and plant residue.
 It is prepared in fields.
 It provides a lot of humus to the soil.
 Less rich in plant nutrient.
 It causes no harm to the organisms and
improves soil quality.
FERTILIZER
 It is an inorganic salt used to
increase crop yield.
 It is prepared in factories.
 It does not provide any humus to
the soil.
 More rich in plant nutrient.
 It harms the organisms present in
the soil and also causes health
issues in people consuming the
crop.

7. IRRIGATION
 Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas,
but in some areas people are
dependent on timely monsoon.
 The process of supplying water to crops time to time is called irrigation.
 To increase yield of crops many
measures are used to bring more and
more agricultural land under irrigation.
 India has a large variety of water
resources these are:
1. Wells
2. Canals
3. River lift systems
4. Tanks

8. CROPPING PATTERN
 Different ways of growing crops can be used to give maximum benefit.
 Mixed cropping :
growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land,
this reduces risk and gives some insurance against failure of one of the
crops.
 Inter cropping:
Inter-cropping is growing two or more crops
simultaneously on the same field.
 Crop rotation :
The growing of different crops on a piece
of land in a pre-planned succession is
know as crop rotation.

9. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
 Animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. It includes
various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control.
 CATTLE FARMING : Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes— milk and draught
labor for agricultural work such as tilling, irrigation and carting.
 The food requirements of dairy animals are of two types:
1. Maintenance requirement : which is the food required to support the
animal to live a healthy life.
2. Milk producing requirement : which is the type of food required during the
lactation period.

10.  POULTRY FARMING : Poultry farming is undertaken to raise domestic fowl for egg
production and chicken meat.
 Improved poultry breeds are developed and farmed
to produce layers for eggs and broilers for meat.
 Broiler chickens are fed with vitamin-rich
supplementary y feed for good growth rate and
better feed efficiency.
 Daily food requirement for broilers is protein rich with
adequate fat.
 For good production of poultry birds, good
management practices are required. These are:
1. maintenance of temperature.
2. hygienic conditions in housing and poultry feed.
3. prevention and control of diseases and pests.

11. FISH PRODUCTION
 Fish is a cheap source of animal protein for our food.
 Fish production includes the finned true fish as well as shellfish such as prawns and
Mollusca.
 There are two ways of obtaining fish :
 1. From natural resources, which is called capture
fishing.
 2. Fish farming, which is called culture fishery.
 MARINE FISHERIES
 India’s marine fishery resources include 7500 km
of coastline and the deep seas beyond it.
 Fish yields are increased by locating large schools
of fish in the open sea using satellites and
echo-sounders.

12.  Some marine fish of high economic value are also farmed in seawater. This includes finned
fishes like mullets, bhetki, and pearl spots, shellfish such as prawns
 As marine fish stocks get further depleted, the demand for more fish can only be met by
such culture fisheries, a practice called mariculture.
 INLAND FISHERIES
 Brackish water resources, where seawater and fresh water mix together, such as estuaries
and lagoons are important fish reservoirs.
 Capturing fish in inland water bodies, the yield is not high. Most fish production from
these resources is through aquaculture.
 One problem with fish culture is that many of these fish breed only during monsoon. Even
if fish seed is collected from the wild, it can be mixed with that of other species as well.
 To overcome this problem, ways have now been worked out to breed these fish in ponds
using hormonal stimulation

13. BEE KEEPING
 Honey is widely used and therefore beekeeping
for making honey has become an agricultural
enterprise.
 Bee-keeping needs low investments, farmers
use it as an additional income generating activity.
 Italian bees have high honey collection capacity.
They stay in a given beehive for long periods,
and breed very well.
 Honey value and quality depends upon the
pasturage, or the flowers available to the bees for
nectar and pollen collection.

14. THANK YOU