This is the ppt in which the summary of Chapter 1(Economics) Class 10 is present. You can also took notes from this ppt. So,enjoy this ppt. Thank you for reading. -Richa Thakur

2. Development
o Development is the process by which we can
work towards achieving our goals.
Some principles of Development are:-
o Different persons can have different
developmental goals.
o May be something is development for one
but not for other . It may even be destructive
for other.

3. Factors of
Development
Income
Health
Education

4. Income and other goals
o People look at a mix of goals for Development.
o Income is the most important component of the
development.
o But the developmental goals that people have are not only
about better income but also about other important things
in life.
o The developmental goals may be about equal treatment
,respect , freedom , job security, good health , better
environment , facilities for family , etc.

5. National Development
o Different person could have different as well as
conflicting notions of a country’s development.
o The all around development of a nation is known as
National Development.
o World Development Report 2006,”In 2004 countries
with per capita income of Rs.4,53,000 per annum are
called developed countries . Those with per capita
income Rs.37,000 or less are called low income
countries”.
o Human Development Report 2006 published by UNDP,
”Development is based on per capita income,
educational levels of the people and their health status.

6. How to compare Different Countries?
Income is considered to be one of the most important
attributes for measuring countries.
Method of measuring National Development:-
 National Development- It refers to the market values
of all good and services which produce in financial year
within the country.
 Average Income- It is the ratio of total national income
of a country with respect to total population . It is also
known as per capita income.
PCI(Per Capita Income):Total income/ Total population

7. Income and other criteria
HDR published by UNDP compares countries based on an
Educational level of the people their health status and PCI.
Human Development Indicators
Infant mortality rate: It indicates the no. of children that
die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000
lives.
Literacy rate: It measures the proportion of literate
population in the 7 year old and above age group.
Net Attendance ratio: It is the total number of children
of age group 6-10 years old attending school as a
percentage of total no. children in the same age group.
Sex ratio: It is the total no. of female per thousand of
males.

8. Life expectancy: The minimum age up to which an adult
lives in the life expectancy rate. This also shows the
overall quality of life in a country. As per 2011 census, the
life expectancy in India for males in 67 years and for
females it is 72 years.
Per Capita Income: It is calculated in dollars for all
countries so that it can be compared. It is also done in a
way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of
goods and services in any country.

9. Measuring Development
 Gross National Product (GNP):It is the measure of the
total value of the officially recorded goods and services
produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in
a given year. It includes things produced inside and
outside a country’s territory.
 Gross Domestic Product (GDP):It is the measure of
total value of the officially recorded goods and services
produced by citizens and corporations of a country in a
given year.
 Gross National Income (GNI):It is the measure of the
monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus
income received from investments outside the country.
This is the most common measurement used today.

10. Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development is a development strategy that
manages all natural resources and human resources as
well as financial and physical assests for increasing long
term wealth and well being.
Features of Sustainable Development
 Sustainable rise in the real PCI and quality of life.
 Reduction in Pollution.
 Rational use of natural resources.
 To fulfil the requirements of future generations.

11. Thank You