Mukesh Kumar Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

1. Prepared By
Mukesh Kumar
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
1Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

2.  Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution
that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the
industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously,
that causes a serious energy crisis.
2Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Sources of energy
Non-renewable
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Renewable
Solar energy
Hydro power
Biofuel
Biomass
Tidal energy
Wind energy
Geothermal
Nuclear energy

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Accelerated
consumption
of fossil
fuels
Energy
issues
global
warming
issues
Air quality
issues

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Wind energy-11.46%
Solar power-83.54%
Small hydro power -2.20%
Biomass power-1.96%
Major contributor
states
Rajasthan-17%
Jammu &
Kashmir-13%
Gujrat-8%

8.  Energy Security and Environmental benefits
 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuel Reserves
 Substitute to Diesel Fuel
 Minimum /Without Engine Modifications
 Renewable
 Less Pollute/Eco-friendly
 Decentralizing of production of fuel
 Reduce the transportation cost
 Self reliance in fuel to farmers
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Resource of straight
vegetable oils
Non-edible oils Edible oils
Karanja oil
Mahua oil
Neem oil
Cottonseed oil
Mustard oil
Sunflower oil
Coconut oil
Peanut oil
Soyabean oil
Jatropha oil

10. 10
 Palm
 Coconut
 Jatropha curcas
 Rapeseed/ Mustard
seed
 Sunflower
 Corn
 Soybean
 Peanuts
 Algae
 Used restaurant oil
 Animal fats
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11. 1111
 Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative fuel prepared from
domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non-
edible oil) and animal fats.
 Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification
after mixing the oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
 These oils and fats are made up mainly of triglycerides. when
reacted chemically with lower alcohols in presence of a catalyst
result in fatty acid esters.
 Biodiesel can be blended in any ratio with petroleum diesel fuel.
Its higher Cetane number improves the combustion even when
blended in the petroleum diesel
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

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Use in Cars and TrucksOil Crops
Renewable CO2

13. Inputs:
◦ Vegetable Oil / Fat (“Feedstock”)
◦ Methanol/Ethanol
◦ Catalyst - “Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide”
◦ Water
Outputs:
◦ Biodiesel
◦ Dirty Water
◦ Glycerine (by-product)
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14.  Sustainability
 Pollution threat
 Reduction of green house gas emissions
 Regional (rural) development
 Improved social structure & agriculture
 Rural electrification
 Job creation
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15.  Higher production cost.
 Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum diesel
to attract moisture.
 Poor low temperature properties.
 Requires rapid change of filters.
 Methanol is used in the biodiesel production
which is made from natural gas, a fossil fuel.
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