This document reviews research on blending various biodiesels with diesel and their effects on engine performance and emissions. Several studies investigated blends of biodiesels derived from crops like karanja, pongamia, coconut, cottonseed, jojoba, jatropha, rapeseed, mango seed, soybean, poon, palm, and canola oils. Most found that blending biodiesel with diesel improved engine performance over pure diesel, including higher brake thermal efficiency and lower emissions of pollutants like carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. However, some blends increased emissions of nitrogen oxides. The optimal blend varied by biodiesel source but most studies found 20-50% biodiesel mixtures
The document summarizes research on biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It discusses how biodiesel is produced through transesterification of vegetable oils and fats. The properties of biodiesel are outlined and compared to fossil diesel. Experimental results are presented showing biodiesel blends and advanced injection timing can improve engine performance similar to diesel. However, higher carbon deposits and more frequent filter cleaning are issues. The document concludes biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative but requires further optimization.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses the status quo, challenges, and development prospects of palm oil-based biodiesel in Malaysia from a management perspective. It outlines that while Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer, biodiesel exports have declined in recent years despite government programs. Key challenges include the lack of biodiesel fuel subsidies, its uncompetitive pricing compared to food uses of palm oil, engine compatibility issues, and fluctuations in crude oil prices. The author suggests that institutional and policy reforms along with improvements to socioeconomic, technical, and investment aspects can help ensure the industry's sustainability.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
This seminar document discusses biodiesel, including its sources from vegetable oils and animal fats, how it is produced through transesterification, its properties, material compatibility, applications, and benefits and disadvantages compared to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable, producing fewer emissions, and degrading faster in the environment than diesel. However, it also has lower energy content and poorer cold weather performance than diesel.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from used Kitchen Oil using Hydrodynamic Cavit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using hydrodynamic cavitation to produce biodiesel from used kitchen oil. It begins by providing background on biodiesel and how cavitation can enhance mass transfer and the transesterification reaction. It then discusses that India produces a large amount of waste cooking oil annually that could be used as a feedstock. The document reviews the chemical composition of various oils used in cooking and how they break down during the frying process. It proposes that cavitation can help overcome limitations in mixing during transesterification to produce biodiesel from this low-cost waste feedstock in a more efficient manner.
The document summarizes research on biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It discusses how biodiesel is produced through transesterification of vegetable oils and fats. The properties of biodiesel are outlined and compared to fossil diesel. Experimental results are presented showing biodiesel blends and advanced injection timing can improve engine performance similar to diesel. However, higher carbon deposits and more frequent filter cleaning are issues. The document concludes biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative but requires further optimization.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses the status quo, challenges, and development prospects of palm oil-based biodiesel in Malaysia from a management perspective. It outlines that while Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer, biodiesel exports have declined in recent years despite government programs. Key challenges include the lack of biodiesel fuel subsidies, its uncompetitive pricing compared to food uses of palm oil, engine compatibility issues, and fluctuations in crude oil prices. The author suggests that institutional and policy reforms along with improvements to socioeconomic, technical, and investment aspects can help ensure the industry's sustainability.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
This seminar document discusses biodiesel, including its sources from vegetable oils and animal fats, how it is produced through transesterification, its properties, material compatibility, applications, and benefits and disadvantages compared to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable, producing fewer emissions, and degrading faster in the environment than diesel. However, it also has lower energy content and poorer cold weather performance than diesel.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from used Kitchen Oil using Hydrodynamic Cavit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using hydrodynamic cavitation to produce biodiesel from used kitchen oil. It begins by providing background on biodiesel and how cavitation can enhance mass transfer and the transesterification reaction. It then discusses that India produces a large amount of waste cooking oil annually that could be used as a feedstock. The document reviews the chemical composition of various oils used in cooking and how they break down during the frying process. It proposes that cavitation can help overcome limitations in mixing during transesterification to produce biodiesel from this low-cost waste feedstock in a more efficient manner.
IRJET- Performance of a CI Engine using Karanja Biodiesel Blend: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of a compression ignition (CI) engine using karanja biodiesel blend. It first discusses the need for alternative fuels due to increasing fuel prices and depletion of fossil fuels. It then provides details about karanja oil, including its classification and local market rates in India. The document reviews various methods for preparing karanja biodiesel, including transesterification. Finally, it summarizes several studies that have evaluated the performance and emissions of CI engines operating on karanja biodiesel blends, finding that a 20% blend generally provides benefits over pure diesel without requiring engine modifications.
Waste Vegetable Oil from Dining Services to Fuel Campus Lawn Mowers - Western...QW9
Western Michigan University uses over 10 tons of carbon dioxide annually from its landscaping services lawn mowers. The authors propose collecting waste vegetable oil from campus dining services to fuel the lawn mowers instead of diesel. Dining services produces around 2,000 gallons of waste vegetable oil per year, which could meet the lawn mowers' 1,055 gallons of annual diesel usage. The authors recommend a pilot program using one lawn mower with vegetable oil to evaluate effects on the engine. If successful, it could reduce emissions and use a campus waste product as fuel in keeping with WMU's sustainability goals.
The Growing Importance of Biomass in Biodiesel Production QZ1
This document discusses biomass as an energy source and focuses on biodiesel production from algae. It provides background on biomass energy and discusses some challenges with traditional biomass usage. The objectives are outlined as moving to modern biomass energy technologies to provide a renewable and sustainable fuel source. Details are given on biodiesel production processes from algae and some potential advantages are noted, such as high oil yield per acre compared to other crops. Methods for algae cultivation and oil extraction are summarized. The conclusion states that algae show potential as a bioenergy source due to using carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce biomass.
The document presents a project report on biodiesel. It begins by acknowledging contributors to the project. It then lists the objectives of studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its comparative properties with petrodiesel. Several production techniques for biodiesel are described, including transesterification, the most common method. Test results from a case study of a biodiesel company show properties and production process. Comparative results from engine tests burning biodiesel-diesel blends show impacts on performance and emissions. The presentation evaluates biodiesel's potential as a sustainable fuel for India.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. It introduces Jatropha as a drought-resistant shrub that can grow in poor soils and produce oil-containing seeds for 30-40 years. The objectives are to find an alternative fuel for engines as energy sources are decreasing. The methodology discussed is transesterification, the process used to reduce the viscosity of Jatropha and other vegetable oils to make them suitable for use in diesel engines. The document outlines the processing steps, advantages like providing a renewable domestic fuel, and disadvantages such as current low production levels. It concludes that blending 20% Jatropha biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes
The document summarizes an experimental study analyzing the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel made from Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME). Key findings include:
- Tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that neat MOME biodiesel produced lower carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and particulate emissions than petrodiesel, but higher oxides of nitrogen emissions.
- Emissions generally improved with increasing percentages of MOME biodiesel blended with petrodiesel.
- The study concludes that MOME biodiesel is a viable alternative fuel that provides emission benefits over petrodiesel.
Greendrinks presentation biodiesel in dallas texasTajana Surlan
Biodiesel can be made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant oils and greases. It is biodegradable and less polluting than petroleum diesel. Common biodiesel feedstocks include virgin oils, used cooking oil, yellow grease, and brown grease. Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with petroleum diesel in vehicles and equipment. Common blends are B2, B5, and B20. Since used cooking oil is cheaper than virgin oils, it is a more economic feedstock choice for biodiesel producers. The estimated US demand for diesel fuel exceeds domestic vegetable and animal oil supply. Several companies in the Dallas-Fort Worth area produce
This document provides an overview of biodiesel production methods and their impact on emissions. It discusses the advantages of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The document then reviews several studies on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using transesterification with various catalysts and production methods. Key findings from these studies include higher biodiesel yields from transesterification at 60°C and reductions in emissions like CO and smoke when using biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel. The document concludes by stating that biodiesel production from waste oils helps address issues of decreasing oil reserves, environmental pollution, and high fuel prices.
This document discusses biodiesel, its history and production process. It begins by defining biodiesel as a fuel made from oils and fats that can be used directly in diesel engines or blended with diesel. It then discusses biodiesel's origins in Rudolf Diesel's intent for his engine to run on peanut oil. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from triglycerides and methanol. It notes the challenges of sourcing feedstocks and developing technologies to handle multiple feedstock types for biodiesel production.
This document examines the effect of temperature on the yield of methyl ester (biodiesel) produced from palm kernel oil and groundnut oil through base-catalyzed transesterification. The maximum yield for palm kernel oil was 87.67% at 65°C, while groundnut oil yield peaked at 82.5% at 50°C. Yield generally increased with temperature up to these points, then decreased due to increased miscibility. Palm kernel oil produced a higher average yield than groundnut oil under the conditions tested. The results show that Nigerian palm kernel and groundnut oils can be effective feedstocks for biodiesel production.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its definition, production process, properties, uses, and advantages. Biodiesel is defined as a processed fuel derived from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification. It can be used as a replacement for or blended with conventional diesel fuel in vehicles and equipment. Biodiesel offers environmental and economic benefits over petroleum diesel, such as producing fewer emissions and providing an alternative fuel source that can support local jobs.
1) Algal biodiesel has several advantages over traditional biodiesel sources like corn or soybeans, as algae can produce significantly higher oil yields per acre and does not require valuable agricultural land.
2) There are three main methods to extract oil from algae for biodiesel production - pressing, chemical extraction using solvents like hexane, and supercritical CO2 extraction which is the most efficient but also the most expensive.
3) The oil extracted from algae can be converted into biodiesel fuel through a process called transesterification, where the algal oil reacts with ethanol and a catalyst to produce biodiesel and glycerol.
The document presents a project on producing biodiesel from castor oil and testing its performance in a single cylinder diesel engine. It discusses castor oil properties, biodiesel production process including transesterification reaction, literature review on biodiesel research, objectives to produce biodiesel from castor oil and measure engine performance, and conclusions from test results showing biodiesel blends up to 20% can be used without modifications.
This document reviews cotton seed oil as a source for biodiesel. It defines biodiesel and describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from cotton seed oil. The experimental setup is shown and results presented on the optimization of variables like catalyst amount, temperature, and time on biodiesel production. Performance tests on the biodiesel show reductions in emissions but higher NOx compared to diesel. Advantages of biodiesel include reduced dependency on imports and lower emissions.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from various oils like corn, soybean, and canola oils, as well as animal fats. These oils are chemically converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through a process called transesterification. While more environmentally friendly than petroleum diesel, biodiesel also has some drawbacks like potentially voiding vehicle warranties, gelling at higher temperatures than conventional diesel in cold weather, and clogging fuel injectors.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Peroxide Induction to a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen peroxide to biodiesel-diesel blends used in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from calophyllum inophyllum oil using a transesterification process. Blends containing 60% diesel, 30% biodiesel, and 10% hydrogen peroxide additive showed the best performance. Tests on the engine found that this blend had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emissions than other blends, especially at a injection pressure of 205 bars. The addition of hydrogen peroxide was found to improve the performance and reduce emissions of the engine compared to blends without the additive.
CALSTART Emerging Alternative Fuel Vehicle TechnologyCALSTART
The document summarizes an presentation about emerging alternative fuel and vehicle technologies. It discusses trends driving changes in transportation like energy security, global warming, and emissions reductions. It provides updates on technologies and fuels including biofuels, electric and natural gas vehicles, and highlights studies on the environmental impacts of biofuels.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
This document discusses a study on the performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions of an Indian Pomegranate seed oil biodiesel in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from pomegranate seed oil via an alkaline transesterification process. The biodiesel and its blends (B25, B50, B75, B100) were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx decreased for biodiesel blends while smoke and CO2 increased marginally. Combustion characteristics also improved with biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone
Experimental investigations on performance and emission characteristics of di...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel from jatropha and animal tallow as alternative fuels. The study was conducted on a single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. The engine was tested using diesel as the baseline fuel and then tested with jatropha biodiesel, animal tallow biodiesel, and a 50-50 blend of the two biodiesels. Performance parameters like mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions of CO, HC, and NOx were measured at varying loads and injection pressures. The results showed that biodiesel and its blends had mechanical efficiencies slightly lower than diesel but higher brake
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
This document discusses biodiesel fuel performance and emissions. It begins by introducing biodiesel as an alternative fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through transesterification. It then discusses various blending methods for biodiesel and diesel. The document also provides tables on biodiesel production by country and classifications. It reviews the impact of biodiesel on engine performance, finding that power is typically reduced slightly due to biodiesel's lower energy content, though impacts can vary depending on the blend and specific fuel properties. The review cites over 25 studies on this topic from 2000 onwards.
IRJET- Performance of a CI Engine using Karanja Biodiesel Blend: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance of a compression ignition (CI) engine using karanja biodiesel blend. It first discusses the need for alternative fuels due to increasing fuel prices and depletion of fossil fuels. It then provides details about karanja oil, including its classification and local market rates in India. The document reviews various methods for preparing karanja biodiesel, including transesterification. Finally, it summarizes several studies that have evaluated the performance and emissions of CI engines operating on karanja biodiesel blends, finding that a 20% blend generally provides benefits over pure diesel without requiring engine modifications.
Waste Vegetable Oil from Dining Services to Fuel Campus Lawn Mowers - Western...QW9
Western Michigan University uses over 10 tons of carbon dioxide annually from its landscaping services lawn mowers. The authors propose collecting waste vegetable oil from campus dining services to fuel the lawn mowers instead of diesel. Dining services produces around 2,000 gallons of waste vegetable oil per year, which could meet the lawn mowers' 1,055 gallons of annual diesel usage. The authors recommend a pilot program using one lawn mower with vegetable oil to evaluate effects on the engine. If successful, it could reduce emissions and use a campus waste product as fuel in keeping with WMU's sustainability goals.
The Growing Importance of Biomass in Biodiesel Production QZ1
This document discusses biomass as an energy source and focuses on biodiesel production from algae. It provides background on biomass energy and discusses some challenges with traditional biomass usage. The objectives are outlined as moving to modern biomass energy technologies to provide a renewable and sustainable fuel source. Details are given on biodiesel production processes from algae and some potential advantages are noted, such as high oil yield per acre compared to other crops. Methods for algae cultivation and oil extraction are summarized. The conclusion states that algae show potential as a bioenergy source due to using carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce biomass.
The document presents a project report on biodiesel. It begins by acknowledging contributors to the project. It then lists the objectives of studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its comparative properties with petrodiesel. Several production techniques for biodiesel are described, including transesterification, the most common method. Test results from a case study of a biodiesel company show properties and production process. Comparative results from engine tests burning biodiesel-diesel blends show impacts on performance and emissions. The presentation evaluates biodiesel's potential as a sustainable fuel for India.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. It introduces Jatropha as a drought-resistant shrub that can grow in poor soils and produce oil-containing seeds for 30-40 years. The objectives are to find an alternative fuel for engines as energy sources are decreasing. The methodology discussed is transesterification, the process used to reduce the viscosity of Jatropha and other vegetable oils to make them suitable for use in diesel engines. The document outlines the processing steps, advantages like providing a renewable domestic fuel, and disadvantages such as current low production levels. It concludes that blending 20% Jatropha biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes
The document summarizes an experimental study analyzing the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel made from Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME). Key findings include:
- Tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that neat MOME biodiesel produced lower carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and particulate emissions than petrodiesel, but higher oxides of nitrogen emissions.
- Emissions generally improved with increasing percentages of MOME biodiesel blended with petrodiesel.
- The study concludes that MOME biodiesel is a viable alternative fuel that provides emission benefits over petrodiesel.
Greendrinks presentation biodiesel in dallas texasTajana Surlan
Biodiesel can be made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant oils and greases. It is biodegradable and less polluting than petroleum diesel. Common biodiesel feedstocks include virgin oils, used cooking oil, yellow grease, and brown grease. Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with petroleum diesel in vehicles and equipment. Common blends are B2, B5, and B20. Since used cooking oil is cheaper than virgin oils, it is a more economic feedstock choice for biodiesel producers. The estimated US demand for diesel fuel exceeds domestic vegetable and animal oil supply. Several companies in the Dallas-Fort Worth area produce
This document provides an overview of biodiesel production methods and their impact on emissions. It discusses the advantages of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The document then reviews several studies on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using transesterification with various catalysts and production methods. Key findings from these studies include higher biodiesel yields from transesterification at 60°C and reductions in emissions like CO and smoke when using biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel. The document concludes by stating that biodiesel production from waste oils helps address issues of decreasing oil reserves, environmental pollution, and high fuel prices.
This document discusses biodiesel, its history and production process. It begins by defining biodiesel as a fuel made from oils and fats that can be used directly in diesel engines or blended with diesel. It then discusses biodiesel's origins in Rudolf Diesel's intent for his engine to run on peanut oil. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from triglycerides and methanol. It notes the challenges of sourcing feedstocks and developing technologies to handle multiple feedstock types for biodiesel production.
This document examines the effect of temperature on the yield of methyl ester (biodiesel) produced from palm kernel oil and groundnut oil through base-catalyzed transesterification. The maximum yield for palm kernel oil was 87.67% at 65°C, while groundnut oil yield peaked at 82.5% at 50°C. Yield generally increased with temperature up to these points, then decreased due to increased miscibility. Palm kernel oil produced a higher average yield than groundnut oil under the conditions tested. The results show that Nigerian palm kernel and groundnut oils can be effective feedstocks for biodiesel production.
The document discusses biodiesel, including its definition, production process, properties, uses, and advantages. Biodiesel is defined as a processed fuel derived from biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification. It can be used as a replacement for or blended with conventional diesel fuel in vehicles and equipment. Biodiesel offers environmental and economic benefits over petroleum diesel, such as producing fewer emissions and providing an alternative fuel source that can support local jobs.
1) Algal biodiesel has several advantages over traditional biodiesel sources like corn or soybeans, as algae can produce significantly higher oil yields per acre and does not require valuable agricultural land.
2) There are three main methods to extract oil from algae for biodiesel production - pressing, chemical extraction using solvents like hexane, and supercritical CO2 extraction which is the most efficient but also the most expensive.
3) The oil extracted from algae can be converted into biodiesel fuel through a process called transesterification, where the algal oil reacts with ethanol and a catalyst to produce biodiesel and glycerol.
The document presents a project on producing biodiesel from castor oil and testing its performance in a single cylinder diesel engine. It discusses castor oil properties, biodiesel production process including transesterification reaction, literature review on biodiesel research, objectives to produce biodiesel from castor oil and measure engine performance, and conclusions from test results showing biodiesel blends up to 20% can be used without modifications.
This document reviews cotton seed oil as a source for biodiesel. It defines biodiesel and describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from cotton seed oil. The experimental setup is shown and results presented on the optimization of variables like catalyst amount, temperature, and time on biodiesel production. Performance tests on the biodiesel show reductions in emissions but higher NOx compared to diesel. Advantages of biodiesel include reduced dependency on imports and lower emissions.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from various oils like corn, soybean, and canola oils, as well as animal fats. These oils are chemically converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through a process called transesterification. While more environmentally friendly than petroleum diesel, biodiesel also has some drawbacks like potentially voiding vehicle warranties, gelling at higher temperatures than conventional diesel in cold weather, and clogging fuel injectors.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Peroxide Induction to a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen peroxide to biodiesel-diesel blends used in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from calophyllum inophyllum oil using a transesterification process. Blends containing 60% diesel, 30% biodiesel, and 10% hydrogen peroxide additive showed the best performance. Tests on the engine found that this blend had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption and emissions than other blends, especially at a injection pressure of 205 bars. The addition of hydrogen peroxide was found to improve the performance and reduce emissions of the engine compared to blends without the additive.
CALSTART Emerging Alternative Fuel Vehicle TechnologyCALSTART
The document summarizes an presentation about emerging alternative fuel and vehicle technologies. It discusses trends driving changes in transportation like energy security, global warming, and emissions reductions. It provides updates on technologies and fuels including biofuels, electric and natural gas vehicles, and highlights studies on the environmental impacts of biofuels.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
This document discusses a study on the performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions of an Indian Pomegranate seed oil biodiesel in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from pomegranate seed oil via an alkaline transesterification process. The biodiesel and its blends (B25, B50, B75, B100) were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx decreased for biodiesel blends while smoke and CO2 increased marginally. Combustion characteristics also improved with biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone
Experimental investigations on performance and emission characteristics of di...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel from jatropha and animal tallow as alternative fuels. The study was conducted on a single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. The engine was tested using diesel as the baseline fuel and then tested with jatropha biodiesel, animal tallow biodiesel, and a 50-50 blend of the two biodiesels. Performance parameters like mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions of CO, HC, and NOx were measured at varying loads and injection pressures. The results showed that biodiesel and its blends had mechanical efficiencies slightly lower than diesel but higher brake
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
This document discusses biodiesel fuel performance and emissions. It begins by introducing biodiesel as an alternative fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through transesterification. It then discusses various blending methods for biodiesel and diesel. The document also provides tables on biodiesel production by country and classifications. It reviews the impact of biodiesel on engine performance, finding that power is typically reduced slightly due to biodiesel's lower energy content, though impacts can vary depending on the blend and specific fuel properties. The review cites over 25 studies on this topic from 2000 onwards.
A Technical Review of Biodiesel Fuel Emissions and Performance on Industrial ...IJMER
Biofuels play an important role in many developing countries as a clean liquid fuel which helps
to address the energy, costs and global warming as compared to petroleum fuels. Biodiesel can be
blended to any level to any petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. Blending of biodiesel with small
amount of petroleum product gives control to air pollution. Additives plays and important role in
minimizing the NOx Emission which result in sigh of relief who are opting biodiesel as an alternative fuel.
In the future the biodiesel play an important role in reduce the greenhouse gases In this review article the
reports on regulated and non-regulated emission, durability, economy and performance on biodiesel by
various researchers have seen cited since 2000
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a multi-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from mango seeds and soybeans compared to diesel fuel. The study found that using 100% biodiesel can meet the engine's performance characteristics and smoke levels are close to diesel fuel. Emission characteristics of biodiesel are also close to diesel fuel at full load. Using locally produced biodiesel can help energy self-sufficiency for farmers and support rural employment by reducing reliance on imported fuels. The results indicate biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines with minimal modifications needed.
Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines- A reviewIJERA Editor
Petroleum based fuels play a vital role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources. Along with their
increasing demands, these are also major contributors of air pollution which is contributing to greenhouse effect
and consequently to ozone layer depletion.
Major portion of today’s energy demand in India is being met with fossil fuels. Hence, it is high time that
alternative fuels for engines should be derived from different indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural
country, there is a wide scope for the production of vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) from different oil
seeds.
This paper is based on recommending an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Expectations have been high for the
production of biodiesel from the Jatropha oil-crop. Jatropha is promoted as a drought and pest resistant crop,
with the potential to grow on degraded soils with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope
for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil through a transesterification process. The physicochemical properties of the hemp biodiesel were tested and found to meet ASTM standards. The hemp biodiesel was blended with base diesel in ratios from B10 to B100. Engine tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that B10 and B20 blends had similar brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption as base diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were reduced on average, but nitrous oxide emissions increased compared to base diesel when using the hemp biodiesel blends. Smoke opacity also improved up
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. It summarizes that biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where vegetable oils or animal fats are combined with alcohol to form alkyl esters. Common feedstocks used for biodiesel production include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. The document examines the transesterification reaction process and variables that impact biodiesel quality such as catalyst type and concentration. It finds that biodiesel produces fewer emissions than diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes research on the production and application of biodiesel. It discusses the history of biodiesel dating back to 1893 when diesel first used peanut oil. Methods of biodiesel production discussed include transesterification using supercritical methanol, ultrasonication, and microwave techniques. Nano particles are also explored as an additive to reduce emissions when biodiesel is used in engines without modification. Biodiesel cultivation and harvesting techniques for plants like jatropha are also summarized.
Investigating On Use of Different Blends of White Grape Seed Biodiesel and Di...IJERA Editor
This document investigates the use of different blends of biodiesel produced from white grape seed oil and diesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. White grape seed oil is converted to biodiesel using a catalytic cracking process with an alumina catalyst. The biodiesel is then blended with diesel in ratios of B25, B50, B75 and B100. The blended fuels are tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and their combustion, performance and emission characteristics are analyzed and compared with diesel fuel. Results show that B25 fuel blend provides performance characteristics very close to diesel fuel. However, as the percentage of biodiesel in the blend increases, properties start deviating more from diesel, with reductions in thermal efficiency and increases
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
A Review on Performance Analysis of Emissions using Bio-Diesels as Fuel for d...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the performance analysis of emissions using bio-diesels as fuel for different compression ratios. It summarizes findings from previous research on using crops like jatropha and mahua oils for biodiesel production. The literature review covers past studies on the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends on engine performance and emissions. Experimental results are presented on emissions like CO, CO2, HC and O2 at varying engine loads and compression ratios. The findings show biodiesel blends reduce CO, HC and CO2 emissions compared to diesel, while O2 emissions are higher, due to the oxygen content of biodiesel.
Experimental Investigation of Blends of Esterified Coconut Oil and Sunflower ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of blends of esterified coconut oil and sunflower oil used in a 4-stroke compression ignition engine. Various blends of the two vegetable oils with diesel were tested in a single cylinder engine to analyze their performance characteristics and emissions. The best performing blend was identified as having the highest brake power and thermal efficiency, lowest brake specific fuel consumption, and minimum smoke density emissions. This blend could serve as a suitable alternative to diesel fuel.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology about using palm oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil as potential biodiesel feedstocks. It discusses how biodiesel is a promising renewable fuel alternative to address issues with fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Palm oil is currently one of the most efficient oil crops for biodiesel production, but its status as an edible oil creates food vs fuel conflicts. Calophyllum inophyllum oil has potential to be transesterified into biodiesel but requires more research. The document reviews the preparation, performance and emissions of biodiesel from these two oils in compression ignition engines.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Notable improvement of fuel properties of waste tire pyrolysis oil by blendin...Adib Bin Rashid
A comprehensive fuel property using neat diesel, neat tire (100% tire oil after distillation of crude tire oil from pyrolysis
process) oil, diesel–tire oil blend and diesel–tire oil–biodiesel blends were investigated in this study. The tire oil was derived
from waste tire by pyrolysis process at a temperature of 450 ◦C. The tire oil was upgraded by the fractional distillation
process. Different proportions (10 vol% and 20 vol%) of waste tire oil were mixed with a reference diesel fuel. Various ratios, including 10 vol% and 20 vol% biodiesel was blended with waste tire oil and waste tire oil–diesel blends to examine the fuel properties with a target to use the different fuel blends as compression ignition (CI) engine’s fuel. A novel pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo) biodiesel was chosen due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. The reason for blending pumpkin
seed oil–biodiesel is to improve the waste tire oil fuel properties and investigate the influence of fuel oxygen on different fuel
properties. Binary blends, including tire oil–diesel, tire oil–biodiesel, and ternary blends, including diesel–tire oil–biodiesel, were prepared for the tests. The properties tested in this investigation were density, viscosity, higher and lower heating value, smoke limit, flash point, fire point, aniline point, pour point, cloud point, cetane number, sulphur and carbon residue, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis (CHONS). The comprehensive fuel property results showed that all binary and ternary blends show similar properties compared to reference diesel. Although the binary blends of tire oil and biodiesel indicate a little inferior property than reference diesel fuel, they can be used as fuels for compression ignition engines.
Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blendsijtsrd
Ever increasing rate in the production of automotive vehicles and the significance of decreasing the pollutions in nature trigger numerous researches to find the alternative solution. Biodiesel has been considered a vital fuel for diesel engine view point. In the present study a single cylinder diesel engine was run fully on non-petroleum fuels blends. In this regard Jatropha methyl ester JME and waste transformer oil WTO were selected as a fuel for the replacement of diesel. diesel engines such as fuel direct injection method is used. The WTO at low percentages 10-40 at regular intervals of 10 on a volume basis , was blended with diesel, to get the fuel blends for the investigation. The performance and emission terms were compared, analyzed and presented in this article. Vidya Sagar Mishra | Dr. Nitin Tenguria "Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Run on Different Biodiesel Fuel Blends" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21582.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/21582/experimental-analysis-of-a-diesel-engine-run-on-different-biodiesel-fuel-blends/vidya-sagar-mishra
This document is a seminar report on the production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil. It discusses the motivation for finding alternative fuels due to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification, which uses alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Cottonseed oil is a potential feedstock as cottonseed is widely grown and the oil contains about 16-17% oil. The report will cover the history, materials, production methods, advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel from cottonseed oil.
Experimental Investigation on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel E...ijtsrd
In this study, experimental investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine was carried out using Palm oil Shea butter oil biodiesel as fuel. The two vegetable oils, Shea butter SB and Palm oil PO were blended in the proportion 25 75 , 50 50 , and 75 25 v v. The transesterification of the blended oils were carried out using ethanol, with potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Abdul Musa | L. T. Tuleun | J. S. Ibrahim | G. B. Nyior "Experimental Investigation on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Palm Oil/Shea Butter Oil Blends Biodiesels" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42486.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42486/experimental-investigation-on-performance-and-exhaust-emissions-of-a-diesel-engine-fueled-with-palm-oilshea-butter-oil-blends-biodiesels/abdul-musa
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Effect of blending various biodiesels with diesel on performance and emissions of diesel engine: A review
1. Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com
( Received 04 February 2018; Accepted 18 February 2018; Date of Publication 19 February 2018 )
WSN 94(2) (2018) 287-297 EISSN 2392-2192
Effect of Blending Various Biodiesels with Diesel on
Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine:
A Review
Rubiat Mustak
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna - 9203, Bangladesh
E-mail address: rubiatpantho@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Due to limited resources and hazardous effects on environment people now a day tries to find
out an alternative for fossil fuels. Fossil fuels when burnt produce a lot of carbon dioxide which is one
of the primary reasons for global warming. Petroleum is a form of fossil fuel. With the help of
distillation process petrol, paraffin, kerosene and diesel oil can obtain from natural petroleum. To
protect the environment biodiesels can substitute these fossil fuels. Biodiesels can use as an alternative
for diesel. Researchers from around the world tried for many years to find a suitable biodiesel which
can substitute diesel. Many biodiesels have been produced from different sources and tested for their
performances. Some researchers try to find out a good combination of biodiesel blends which can be
used as an alternative of diesel. Some of them try to find out a suitable blend of diesel and biodiesel to
reduce the environmental impact and for better emission characteristics. Effects of blending different
types of biodiesels with diesel have been investigated by many researchers. In this present review
article a summary is written on such attempts.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Blends, Combustion, Diesel, Emission Characteristics, Engine Performance
Parameters, Environment
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1. INTRODUCTION
From the very beginning of human race people try to find out sources of energy. They
are searching for energy sources to fulfill their basic needs. As a result of their desperation
they have been able to find out a great source of energy called fossil fuels. It takes millions of
years to form these natural resources. This source of limited energy which takes millions of
years to form is not enough for us because the demand for energy is increasing day by day. So
an alternative source of energy must be found. Biodiesels can do this job for us. Biodiesels
can fulfill our energy demand as well as protect the environment. In the present article effect
of various types of biodiesel and their blends will discuss. The impact of common types of
biodiesel and their blends on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics is also
shown.
2. CONCEPTS OF BIODIESEL
2. 1. Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a fuel prepared by mixing and reacting fats and oils with an alcohol in the
presence of a catalyst like sodium or potassium methylate. Transesterification is the process
of producing biodiesel. In the transesterification process methyl esters are produced. These
methyl esters named as biodiesels. During the production of biodiesel glycerin is produced as
a by-product.
Figure 1. Flow Chart of Biodiesel Production
2. 2. History of biodiesel production
In the 18th
century the way of making petrol from biomass was invented. Production of
biodiesel from vegetable oils is an old process. The transformation of natural vegetable oils or
fat from animal into esters or biodiesel is termed as transesterification. Transesterification of
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triglycerides is an old procedure. Duffy and Patrick produced esters or biodiesel in the year of
1853. Diesel engine was invented by a great scientist who is a German by nationality named
as Dr. Rudolph Diesel in 1893. In 1893 he expressed his idea of diesel engine in an article
published in a newspaper which has the following title
"The idea and construction of your rational temperature engine"
The earlier diesel engine designed by Dr. Rudolph Diesel runs on petrol produced from
vegetables oil. In 1911 in paris Dr. Diesel used peanut olive oil to run his designed engine. In
1920s, diesel engine producers modified their produced diesel engines to run with the help of
low viscosity of petrodiesel which was an alternative of vegetable oils. In the first 1980s
scientists suggested to use renewable energy sources. One of the special features of vegetable
oil is its renewability. They content low sulfur. They are biodegradable. Because of the
features biodiesels have, in the late 1990s the commercial production of biodiesel introduced.
At present Renault and Peugeot have permitted the exploitation of biodiesels in their
truck engine. In the year of 1991, the European Community (EC) recommended biodiesels as
an alternative fuel. At present United States of America, Brazil and European Union takes
biodiesel production very seriously. In 2007 about 90 % of global biodiesel production is
done by United States of America, Brazil and European Union.
2. 3. List of Crops Used for Biodiesel Production
Some crops which can be used for biodiesel production is given below:
Rapeseed and Canola
Soybean
Palm Oil
Sunflower
Peanut
Figure 2. Biodiesel production in different Countries
(In percentage of total global production).
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Flax
Safflower
Castor Seed
Tung
Cotton
Jojoba
Jatropha
Avocado
Microalgae
Leading oil crops for biodiesel production is rapeseed, palm and soybean.
2. 4. Advantages of Using Biodiesel
Renewable fuel.
Low toxicity if considered with respect to diesel.
Degrades quicker than diesel.
Environmental friendly.
Lower emissions of pollutants.
Lower carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide production.
Have Low risk for human health
Production of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is excluded.
High flash point.
2. 5. Limitations of Biodiesel
Lower calorific value of biodiesel.
High nitrous oxide (NOx) production.
Unsteady than diesel.
They can cause problems in the engine valves and injection systems.
By blending biodiesel with diesel it is possible to overcome these drawbacks.
In the next portions of this article the effects of various biodiesel blends with diesel is
discussed.
3. INVESTIGATIONS USING BLENDING OF VARIOUS BIODIESELS WITH
DIESEL
3. 1. Investigations Using Karanja Methyl Ester (KME) and its Blends
Sandeep Kumar Duran et al. (2014) published an article in IJMET. Their experimental
exploration was created to calculate the combustion and performance characteristics of diesel
engine unit using different mixes of karanja methyl ester with diesel. They performs
experiments using 100% diesel fuel, a mixture of 20% karanja biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel,
a mixture of 50% karanja biodiesel and 50% diesel fuel and a mixture of 100% karanja
biodiesel and 0% diesel fuel. The mixture of karanja biodiesel performed smoother
combustion process than diesel. Based on brake thermal efficiency, 20% karanja biodiesel
mixed with 80% diesel was marked as the best blend [1]. H. Raheman and A.G. Phadatare
(2004) investigate using karanja methyl ester (KME) and its blend with diesel from 20% to
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80% by way of quantity. Performances of diesel engine have been observed with these fuels.
Engine assessments have been performed to acquire comparative measures of torque, specific
fuel intake and emissions which include CO, smoke density and NOx. A mixture of 20%
karanja oil and 80% diesel fuel and a mixture of 40% karanja oil and 60% diesel fuel is
appropriate alternative fuel for diesel engine. Those blends could help in controlling
air pollutants [2].
3. 2. Investigations Using Pongamia Pinnata Oil and its Blends
K. Srithar et al. published an article in Journal of King Saud University – Engineering
Sciences where they carried out a test of two biodiesels from pongamia pinnata oil and
mustard oil. These bio diesels were blended with diesel at numerous blending ratios. The
influences of blends on carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon and NOx have been
experimented by means of emission gas analyzer. Different engine performance parameters
were also checked by them. They found that the brake thermal efficiency as well as the
emission of different gases is higher in case of blended diesel than normal diesel [3].
Kandasamy Muralidharan and Palanisamy Govindarajan in American Journal of
Environmental Sciences at 2011 show the impact of bio-fuel blends and fuel injection
pressure on diesel engine emission. They try to find out the environmental impact of
pongamia bio-fuel in a single cylinder diesel engine. They found that the blend diesel have
lower engine emissions i.e. lower carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, un-burnt HC etc [4].
3. 3. Investigations Using Coconut Biodiesel and its Blends
A.M. Liaquat et al. (2013) performs experiments using 100% diesel fuel, a mixture of
5% coconut biodiesel and 95% diesel fuel, and a mixture of 15% coconut biodiesel and 85%
diesel fuel. They investigate the engine unit performance variables and emissions
characteristics using coconut biodiesel blends without the engine modifications. Based on the
results of experiments they figured 5% and 15% coconut biodiesel and diesel blends can be
utilized in diesel engines without the engine modifications and also have beneficial results
both in conditions of emission reductions and choice petroleum diesel fuel [5].
Herchel Thaddeus C. Machacon et al. (2001) perform experiments which show the
impact of coconut oil as alternative of diesel fuel. Diesel engine was tested with the pure
coconut oil and coconut oil–diesel fuel blends for a wide range of engine running situations.
They found that neat coconut oil fuels gave decrease smoke and NOx emissions [6].
3. 4. Investigations Using Cottonseed Oil and its Blends
M. Martin and D. Prithviraja (2011) in their experiment determines the performance,
combustion and emission variables at various loads by using a single cylinder CI engine unit
and weighed against nice diesel and cottonseed olive oil. An impressive improvement in the
performance of the engine is recognized. Brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies of the
engine unit increased with a substantial decrease in the exhaust gas temperatures. Reductions
in CO and HC emissions are also seen. Results show a blend made up of 60% of cottonseed
essential oil with diesel, can be used as an alternative of diesel fuel without any kind of engine
modification [7].
B. Prbakaran and Dinoop Viswanathan published a paper in Alexandria Engineering
Journal in 2016.Their analysis presents the experimental assessments of performance,
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combustion and emission characteristics by using combinations of non-edible cotton seeds oil
methyl ester and anhydrous ethanol in a diesel engine at various loads. They found similarity
between different performance parameters for different cases of pure diesel and blended
mixture [8].
3. 5. Investigations Using Jojoba Oil and Jatropha Oil and their Blends
A.S. Huzayyin et al. (2004) determines diesel engine performance and emission using
jojoba oil and diesel fuel blended with each other. A moderate increase in brake specific fuel
intake and a reduction in engine NOx have been identified. The reduction in engine emission
has been discovered to growth with the boom of jojoba oil percent within the fuel
combination [9].
K Pramanik (2003) performs investigation using blends of various proportions of
jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel. Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends have been
organized, analyzed and compared with diesel fuel. The impact of temperature on viscosity of
jatropha oil and overall performance of the engine using blends of jatropha oil have been
studied. Massive improvement in engines overall performance is found. The results of engine
test established that 40–50% of jatropha oil may be substituted for diesel without any engine
modification [10].
3. 6. Investigations Using Rapeseed Oil and Mango Seed Oil and their Blends
Ekrem Buyukkaya in 2010 performs test using neat rapeseed oil and its blends of 5%,
20% and 70%, and standard diesel fuel separately. He found that standard diesel and blended
diesels shows approximately same results for all engine performance parameters such as
torque, specific fuel consumption etc [11].
O.M.I. Nwafor in Renewable Energy shows that rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and its
blends with diesel fuel results in higher carbon dioxide in comparison to diesel fuel. But there
was a significant reduction of HC in case of diesel blend with rapeseed methyl ester [12].
K. Vijayaraj and A.P. Sathiyagnanam in 2016 blends methyl ester of mango seed oil
with diesel in various ratios. They found that the brake thermal efficiency is better than
normal diesel in case of blend one. They also found that emission of CO is less in case of
blended oil. But they found that brake specific fuel consumption is higher in case of blend oils
[13].
3. 7. Investigations Using Soybean Oil and Poon Oil and their Blends
Orkun Özener et al. (2014) perform experiments using soyabean biodiesel. They
observed combustion, determine overall performance and estimates emission characteristics
of natural diesel and biodiesel prepared from soybean oil and its blends .They compared the
obtained output results. They performed their experiments using a mixture of 10% soyabean
oil and 90% diesel fuel, a mixture of 20% soyabean oil and 80% diesel fuel and a mixture of
50% soyabean oil and 50% diesel and standard diesel fuel separately. During the checks, the
fuel intake, pollutant emissions, exhaust temperature was measured. The experimental
finding, show that, with respect to diesel, biodiesel had lower torque than diesel and boosted
brake specific fuel intake. But, biodiesel substantially decreased carbon monoxide (CO)
whilst the nitric oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions expanded barely [14].
7. World Scientific News 94(2) (2018) 287-297
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P.K. Devan and N.V. Mahalakshmi (2009) performs tests to judge the performance,
emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. They performed their experiments
using neat poon oil, a mixture of 20% poon oil and 80% diesel fuel, a mixture of 40% poon
oil and 60% diesel fuel and a mixture of 60%poon oil and 40% diesel and standard diesel fuel
separately. Through the combustion research, it was discovered that poon oil-diesel mixes
performed much better than neat poon engine oil [15].
3. 8. Investigations Using Palm Oil and Canola Oil and their Blends
B. Deepanraj et al. (2011) experimented on biodiesel (palm oil methyl ester) blends
with diesel in a direct injection stationary diesel engine .Their experiment described that the
decrease blends of biodiesel multiplied the brake thermal performance and reduced the fuel
intake. Similarly to this, biodiesel blends with diesel result in a reduced engine emission when
compared to diesel [16].
Sam Ki Yoon et al. (2014) they performed experiments using canola oil biodiesel fuel
blends. They observed the effects for various speed of common rail diesel engine. They
determine the emissions as well as engine performance parameters i.e. mean effective
pressure, specific fuel consumption etc. They also found that biodiesel blend ratio only
slightly effected the NOx emissions [17].
3. 9. Investigations Using Sapotaceae Oil and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester and their
Blends
R. Saravanan et al. (2015) presented a research output in International Conference on
Energy Efficient Technologies For Automobiles (EETA’ 15). Where they shown
characteristics of Sapotaceae oil and its blends. For the experimental purposes they created
blends of Sapotaceae butyl ester in various ratios. Tests were conducted using a single
cylinder water cooled diesel engine. They show various relations between different engine
performance parameters with the help of plotted graphs [18].
G Lakshmi Narayana Rao (2008) performs their investigation on combustion,
performance and emission characteristics of used cooking oil methyl ester and its own mixes
with diesel oil. The mixtures were analyzed in a C.I. engine. They found similarity between
different blends performance with diesel. They summaries that a minor reduction in thermal
efficiency with prominent improvement in reduced amount of particulates, carbon monoxide
and un-burnt fuel elements is witnessed in comparison to diesel if blends of used cooking oil
methyl ester is used [19].
3. 10. Other Investigations Using Biodiesels and their Blends
Lawrence et al. (2011) discovered that prickly poppy methyl ester (PPME) when mixed
with diesel can easily be used as an alternative of diesel fuel in a diesel engine. Their test
further showed that usage of (PPME) Prickly Poppy Methyl Ester as a bio fuel mixture with
diesel suggests an improvement in performance and enormous reduction in exhaust emission
for the technology of purifier surroundings [20].
Rahimi et al. (2009) used Diesterol (A mixture of fossil diesel fuel (D), vegetable oil
methyl ester called biodiesel (B) and plant derived ethanol (E)) as a fuel for diesel engines.
The authors discovered that, pollution decreased via growing the bio fuel composition of
8. World Scientific News 94(2) (2018) 287-297
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diesterol. This fashion is due to the reason that bio ethanol has less carbon content than diesel
fuel [21].
Prabhakar, S et al. published an article in Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
in 2012 on experimental study of using hybrid vegetable oil blends in diesel engine where
they shown that some hybrid fuels blend with diesel behaves similar to diesel and some
hybrid fuels behaves abnormally when mixed with diesel [22].
M. Venkatraman and G. Devaradjane in American Journal of Applied Sciences perform
a computer modeling of a CI engine for optimizing different operating guidelines such as
compression percentage, injection timing and injection pressure for better performance and
emission using diesel-diesel biodiesel blends. They found that there was a significant
similarity between simulated and experimental results [23].
G. Sujaykumar et al. in 2017 published a research article in Energy and Power where
they shows a comparison between blends of waste baking oil and cashew cut Shell oil bio fuel
with diesel. They found cashew cut Shell oil bio fuel blends with diesel more promising than
waste baking oil blends with diesel [24]. B. Tesfa et al. in 2013 perform an interesting
experiment on blended fuels in compression ignition (CI) engines. They show a prediction
model for calculating lower heating values. They determine the lower heating value, viscosity,
density for different blending mixtures. They also identified the change in emission
characteristics in case of blended diesel oil [25].
3. 11. Review Articles on Effects of Biodiesels and their Blends
Vishal Dekate and Dr.S.C.Kongre (2016) published a review article on laboratory
investigation of single cylinder four stroke cycle diesel engines fueled with mixture of diesel
and kerosene. Also they mentioned the effects of diesel and kerosene blends with cotton seed
oil. In their review article they mentioned 21 references all of which was related to their
review topic [26].
S Madiwale et al. (2017) write their review article on effect of biodiesel additives on
properties, performance, and emission characteristics. They try to sum up 34 different articles
all of which published experimental results on biodiesels and their blends [27].
4. CONCLUSIONS
From the literature review mentioned above it is observed that biodiesels have a lot of
scope for future improvements. It can be a good source of energy as well as a replacement for
diesel. It is possible to reduce the environmental impact by using biodiesels because
experimentations show that emission characteristics are good for biodiesel than diesel.
Blending biodiesels with diesel makes it possible to use it in diesel engine without engine
modifications. There is a lot of scope for further studies and experimentation for young
researchers. This alternative fuel will change the world in future.
Acknowledgement
The author expresses his gratefulness to almighty Allah for his mercy and kindness towards him. The author
expresses his sincere thanks to all of the Faculty Members, Officers and Staffs of Department of Mechanical
Engineering of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) for their support and valuable counsel.
9. World Scientific News 94(2) (2018) 287-297
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Biography
Rubiat Mustak is currently working as a lecturer in Department of Mechanical Engineering at Khulna University
of Engineering & Technology, Khulna- 9203, Bangladesh .
Mobile: +8801745815593 and E-mail: <rubiatpantho@gmail.com>
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