Picture Processing IP applications have gotten renowned with the presence of capable computations and negligible exertion CMOS cameras with significant standard. In any case, IP applications are register concentrated, eat up a huge load of energy and have long taking care of times. Picture assessment has been proposed by late works for an energy capable arrangement of these applications. It also diminishes the impact of long getting ready occasions. The test here is that the IP applications oftentimes work as a piece of more prominent shut circle control systems, for instance advanced driver help structure ADAS . We propose a construction for execution appraisal of picture surmise on a shut circle auto IBC structure. Our construction is written in C and uses V REP as the propagation environment. For the generation, V REP runs as a laborer and the C module as a client in concurrent mode. We show the electiveness of our framework using a fantasy based equal control model. Miss. Badde Suma | Mr. Parasurama N | Kirla Jyothsna "Implementation on Quality-of-Control for Image-Based Control Systems using Algorithmic Approximation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd40028.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/40028/implementation-on-qualityofcontrol-for-imagebased-control-systems-using-algorithmic-approximation/miss-badde-suma
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2021/01/imaging-systems-for-applied-reinforcement-learning-control-a-presentation-from-nanotronics/
Damas Limoge, Senior R&D Engineer at Nanotronics, presents the “Imaging Systems for Applied Reinforcement Learning Control” tutorial at the September 2020 Embedded Vision Summit.
Reinforcement learning has generated human-level decision-making strategies in highly complex game scenarios. But most industries, such as manufacturing, have not seen impressive results from the application of these algorithms, belying the utility hoped for by their creators. The limitations of reinforcement learning in real use cases intuitively manifest from the number of exploration examples needed to train the underlying models, but also from incomplete state representations for an artificial agent to act on.
In an effort to improve automated inspection for factory control through reinforcement learning, Nanotronics’ research is focused on improving the state representation of a manufacturing process using optical inspection as a basis for agent optimization. In this presentation, Limoge focuses on the imaging system: its design, implementation and utilization, in the context of a reinforcement agent.
Embedded Condition Based Maintenance A New Modeling Approach iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Online video-based abnormal detection using highly motion techniques and stat...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
At the essence of video surveillance, there are abnormal detection approaches, which have been proven to be substantially effective in detecting abnormal incidents without prior knowledge about these incidents. Based on the state-of-the-art research, it is evident that there is a trade-off between frame processing time and detection accuracy in abnormal detection approaches. Therefore, the primary challenge is to balance this trade-off suitably by utilizing few, but very descriptive features to fulfill online performance while maintaining a high accuracy rate. In this study, we propose a new framework, which achieves the balancing between detection accuracy and video processing time by employing two efficient motion techniques, specifically, foreground and optical flow energy. Moreover, we use different statistical analysis measures of motion features to get robust inference method to distinguish abnormal behavior incident from normal ones. The performance of this framework has been extensively evaluated in terms of the detection accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC) and frame processing time. Simulation results and comparisons with ten relevant online and non-online frameworks demonstrate that our framework efficiently achieves superior performance to those frameworks, in which it presents high values for the accuracy while attaining simultaneously low values for the processing time.
GreenDisc: A HW/SW energy optimization framework in globally distributed comp...GreenLSI Team, LSI, UPM
Marina Zapater attends as speaker to UCAmI 2012.
The main goal of this conference is to provide a discussion forum where researchers and practitioners on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence can meet, disseminate and exchange ideas and problems, identify some of the key issues related to these topics, and explore together possible solutions and future works.
The Ubiquitous Computing (UC) idea envisioned by Weiser in 1991, has recently evolved to a more general paradigm known as Ambient Intelligence (AmI). Ambient Intelligence then represents a new generation of user-centred computing environments aiming to find new ways to obtain a better integration of the information technology in everyday life devices and activities.
Marina has presented our first results within the GreenDISC project, proposing several research lines that target the power optimization in computing systems. In particular, we deal with two novel and highly differentiated computer paradigms that, however, coexist and interact in the current application scenarios: the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the high-performance computing in Data Centers (DC).
For further information, please, refer to the paper:
M. Zapater, J. L. Ayala, and J. M. Moya, “GreenDisc: a HW/SW energy optimization framework in globally distributed computation,” , J. Bravo, D. López-de Ipiña, and F. Moya, Ed., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35377-2_1
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2021/01/imaging-systems-for-applied-reinforcement-learning-control-a-presentation-from-nanotronics/
Damas Limoge, Senior R&D Engineer at Nanotronics, presents the “Imaging Systems for Applied Reinforcement Learning Control” tutorial at the September 2020 Embedded Vision Summit.
Reinforcement learning has generated human-level decision-making strategies in highly complex game scenarios. But most industries, such as manufacturing, have not seen impressive results from the application of these algorithms, belying the utility hoped for by their creators. The limitations of reinforcement learning in real use cases intuitively manifest from the number of exploration examples needed to train the underlying models, but also from incomplete state representations for an artificial agent to act on.
In an effort to improve automated inspection for factory control through reinforcement learning, Nanotronics’ research is focused on improving the state representation of a manufacturing process using optical inspection as a basis for agent optimization. In this presentation, Limoge focuses on the imaging system: its design, implementation and utilization, in the context of a reinforcement agent.
Embedded Condition Based Maintenance A New Modeling Approach iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Online video-based abnormal detection using highly motion techniques and stat...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
At the essence of video surveillance, there are abnormal detection approaches, which have been proven to be substantially effective in detecting abnormal incidents without prior knowledge about these incidents. Based on the state-of-the-art research, it is evident that there is a trade-off between frame processing time and detection accuracy in abnormal detection approaches. Therefore, the primary challenge is to balance this trade-off suitably by utilizing few, but very descriptive features to fulfill online performance while maintaining a high accuracy rate. In this study, we propose a new framework, which achieves the balancing between detection accuracy and video processing time by employing two efficient motion techniques, specifically, foreground and optical flow energy. Moreover, we use different statistical analysis measures of motion features to get robust inference method to distinguish abnormal behavior incident from normal ones. The performance of this framework has been extensively evaluated in terms of the detection accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC) and frame processing time. Simulation results and comparisons with ten relevant online and non-online frameworks demonstrate that our framework efficiently achieves superior performance to those frameworks, in which it presents high values for the accuracy while attaining simultaneously low values for the processing time.
GreenDisc: A HW/SW energy optimization framework in globally distributed comp...GreenLSI Team, LSI, UPM
Marina Zapater attends as speaker to UCAmI 2012.
The main goal of this conference is to provide a discussion forum where researchers and practitioners on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence can meet, disseminate and exchange ideas and problems, identify some of the key issues related to these topics, and explore together possible solutions and future works.
The Ubiquitous Computing (UC) idea envisioned by Weiser in 1991, has recently evolved to a more general paradigm known as Ambient Intelligence (AmI). Ambient Intelligence then represents a new generation of user-centred computing environments aiming to find new ways to obtain a better integration of the information technology in everyday life devices and activities.
Marina has presented our first results within the GreenDISC project, proposing several research lines that target the power optimization in computing systems. In particular, we deal with two novel and highly differentiated computer paradigms that, however, coexist and interact in the current application scenarios: the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the high-performance computing in Data Centers (DC).
For further information, please, refer to the paper:
M. Zapater, J. L. Ayala, and J. M. Moya, “GreenDisc: a HW/SW energy optimization framework in globally distributed computation,” , J. Bravo, D. López-de Ipiña, and F. Moya, Ed., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35377-2_1
Secure IoT Systems Monitor Framework using Probabilistic Image EncryptionIJAEMSJORNAL
In recent years, the modeling of human behaviors and patterns of activity for recognition or detection of special events has attracted considerable research interest. Various methods abounding to build intelligent vision systems aimed at understanding the scene and making correct semantic inferences from the observed dynamics of moving targets. Many systems include detection, storage of video information, and human-computer interfaces. Here we present not only an update that expands previous similar surveys but also a emphasis on contextual abnormal detection of human activity , especially in video surveillance applications. The main purpose of this survey is to identify existing methods extensively, and to characterize the literature in a manner that brings to attention key challenges.
An Investigation towards Effectiveness in Image Enhancement Process in MPSoC IJECEIAES
Image enhancement has a primitive role in the vision-based applications. It involves the processing of the input image by boosting its visualization for various applications. The primary objective is to filter the unwanted noises, clutters, sharpening or blur. The characteristics such as resolution and contrast are constructively altered to obtain an outcome of an enhanced image in the bio-medical field. The paper highlights the different techniques proposed for the digital enhancement of images. After surveying these methods that utilize Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC), it is concluded that these methodologies have little accuracy and hence none of them are efficiently capable of enhancing the digital biomedical images.
Transmission error propagation in wireless multimedia communication systems has become a recurring
problem. This persistent problem has led to grave consequences on the visual quality of the decoded video.
It is against this backdrop that, we present an adaptive intra refresh (AIR) error-resilient coding tool to
mitigate the effect of transmission error propagation in 3D video communications. This work utilizes
periodic insertion of intra macroblocks in badly error-infected frames temporally as well as related frames
in the multi view video scheme. Our objective is to maximize the transmission efficiency while ensuring the
transmission robustness of the coded bitstream. The selection of periodic macroblocks is based on areas
with high motion above a pre-set threshold. The coding modes of the macroblocks are based on the
distortion expectation due to transmission errors. Extensive simulation results show significant
improvement in both objective and subjective video quality at different intra refresh rates.
Robust Adaptive Intra Refresh for Multiview VideoIJCSEA Journal
Transmission error propagation in wireless multimedia communication systems has become a recurring problem. This persistent problem has led to grave consequences on the visual quality of the decoded video. It is against this backdrop that, we present an adaptive intra refresh (AIR) error-resilient coding tool to mitigate the effect of transmission error propagation in 3D video communications. This work utilizes periodic insertion of intra macroblocks in badly error-infected frames temporally as well as related frames in the multi view video scheme. Our objective is to maximize the transmission efficiency while ensuring the transmission robustness of the coded bitstream. The selection of periodic macroblocks is based on areas with high motion above a pre-set threshold. The coding modes of the macroblocks are based on the distortion expectation due to transmission errors. Extensive simulation results show significant improvement in both objective and subjective video quality at different intra refresh rates
Secure IoT Systems Monitor Framework using Probabilistic Image EncryptionIJAEMSJORNAL
In recent years, the modeling of human behaviors and patterns of activity for recognition or detection of special events has attracted considerable research interest. Various methods abounding to build intelligent vision systems aimed at understanding the scene and making correct semantic inferences from the observed dynamics of moving targets. Many systems include detection, storage of video information, and human-computer interfaces. Here we present not only an update that expands previous similar surveys but also a emphasis on contextual abnormal detection of human activity , especially in video surveillance applications. The main purpose of this survey is to identify existing methods extensively, and to characterize the literature in a manner that brings to attention key challenges.
An Investigation towards Effectiveness in Image Enhancement Process in MPSoC IJECEIAES
Image enhancement has a primitive role in the vision-based applications. It involves the processing of the input image by boosting its visualization for various applications. The primary objective is to filter the unwanted noises, clutters, sharpening or blur. The characteristics such as resolution and contrast are constructively altered to obtain an outcome of an enhanced image in the bio-medical field. The paper highlights the different techniques proposed for the digital enhancement of images. After surveying these methods that utilize Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC), it is concluded that these methodologies have little accuracy and hence none of them are efficiently capable of enhancing the digital biomedical images.
Transmission error propagation in wireless multimedia communication systems has become a recurring
problem. This persistent problem has led to grave consequences on the visual quality of the decoded video.
It is against this backdrop that, we present an adaptive intra refresh (AIR) error-resilient coding tool to
mitigate the effect of transmission error propagation in 3D video communications. This work utilizes
periodic insertion of intra macroblocks in badly error-infected frames temporally as well as related frames
in the multi view video scheme. Our objective is to maximize the transmission efficiency while ensuring the
transmission robustness of the coded bitstream. The selection of periodic macroblocks is based on areas
with high motion above a pre-set threshold. The coding modes of the macroblocks are based on the
distortion expectation due to transmission errors. Extensive simulation results show significant
improvement in both objective and subjective video quality at different intra refresh rates.
Robust Adaptive Intra Refresh for Multiview VideoIJCSEA Journal
Transmission error propagation in wireless multimedia communication systems has become a recurring problem. This persistent problem has led to grave consequences on the visual quality of the decoded video. It is against this backdrop that, we present an adaptive intra refresh (AIR) error-resilient coding tool to mitigate the effect of transmission error propagation in 3D video communications. This work utilizes periodic insertion of intra macroblocks in badly error-infected frames temporally as well as related frames in the multi view video scheme. Our objective is to maximize the transmission efficiency while ensuring the transmission robustness of the coded bitstream. The selection of periodic macroblocks is based on areas with high motion above a pre-set threshold. The coding modes of the macroblocks are based on the distortion expectation due to transmission errors. Extensive simulation results show significant improvement in both objective and subjective video quality at different intra refresh rates
Embedded Implementations of Real Time Video Stabilization Mechanisms A Compre...YogeshIJTSRD
Video Stabilization has been widely researched and still is under active research considering the advancements that are being done in the field of digital imagery. Despite all the works, Hardware based Real time Video Stabilization systems especially works dealing with implementation of Technology on prototype Implementation boards have been very few. This review works focuses on the specific aspect of the modern day Stabilization systems implemented in prototyping boards and the algorithms that have been found suitable for such implementation taking considerations of cost, size and speed as the principal criterions. Mohammed Ahmed | Dr. Laxmi Singh "Embedded Implementations of Real Time Video Stabilization Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39963.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/39963/embedded-implementations-of-real-time-video-stabilization-mechanisms-a-comprehensive-review/mohammed-ahmed
Survey on deep learning applied to predictive maintenance IJECEIAES
Prognosis health monitoring (PHM) plays an increasingly important role in the management of machines and manufactured products in today’s industry, and deep learning plays an important part by establishing the optimal predictive maintenance policy. However, traditional learning methods such as unsupervised and supervised learning with standard architectures face numerous problems when exploiting existing data. Therefore, in this essay, we review the significant improvements in deep learning made by researchers over the last 3 years in solving these difficulties. We note that researchers are striving to achieve optimal performance in estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of machine health by optimizing each step from data to predictive diagnostics. Specifically, we outline the challenges at each level with the type of improvement that has been made, and we feel that this is an opportunity to try to select a state-of-the-art architecture that incorporates these changes so each researcher can compare with his or her model. In addition, post-RUL reasoning and the use of distributed computing with cloud technology is presented, which will potentially improve the classification accuracy in maintenance activities. Deep learning will undoubtedly prove to have a major impact in upgrading companies at the lowest cost in the new industrial revolution, Industry 4.0.
Traffic Congestion Detection Using Deep Learningijtsrd
Despite the huge amount of traffic surveillance videos and images have been accumulated in the daily monitoring, deep learning approaches have been underutilized in the application of traffic intelligent management and control. Traffic images, including various illumination, weather conditions, and vast scenarios are considered and preprocessed to set up a proper training dataset. In order to detect traffic congestion, a network structure is proposed based on residual learning to be pre trained and fine tuned. The network is then transferred to the traffic application and retrained with self established training dataset to generate the Traffic Net. The accuracy of Traffic Net to classify congested and uncongested road states reaches 99 for the validation dataset and 95 for the testing dataset. The trained model is stored in cloud storage for easy access for application from anywhere. The proposed Traffic Net can be used by a regional detection of traffic congestion on a large scale surveillance system. The effectiveness and efficiencies are magnificently demonstrated with quick detection in the high accuracy in the case study. The experimental trial could extend its successful application to traffic surveillance system and has potential enhancement for intelligent transport system in future. Anusha C | Dr. J. Bhuvana "Traffic Congestion Detection Using Deep Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49401.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/49401/traffic-congestion-detection-using-deep-learning/anusha-c
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40028 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 12
application is in vision-basedsidelong control, theneedfrom
picture dealing with is to precisely recognize the ways, using
a way flight acknowledgment figuring.
The register concentrated picture dealing with period of an
IBC structure achieve longer looking at periods, which are
considered during design time and conflictingly an ect the
QoC of the concealed system. By and large the control plan of
data genuine informationcontrolapplicationsreliesuponthe
mostcynicalsituationapproach[10].Thisjoinspicturetaking
care of estimations, the length of which may change, anyway
isn't thought of. Mohamedetal[11]proposedtooverseeduty
assortments that are achieved by picture great for cessing
using a circumstance careful philosophy. As opposed to
arranging the controllerforthemostskepticalsituation(WC)
circumstance, continually change the testing season of the
controller on the real case at run-time. Thusly, the ordinary
reviewing period is improved concerning a WC plan. In any
case, this technique treats the image preprocessing pipeline
as a black box and acknowledges a consistent picture
preprocessing delay.
2. Problem Statement”
The possibleshowgainsfromapproximatingtheimagesignal
taking care of (ISP) can influence applications, in which
picture planning is the bottleneck, for instance, in picture
based control (IBC) systems. A direct perspectiveofanimage
based control system joins a distinguishing task, which
gauges the yield of a camera sensor, a figuring task for the
controller, and an incitation task that will applythedecisions
of the controller. As a result of the profound duty of the ISP
when calculating an image using the customary The
conceivable exhibition gains from approximating the picture
signal handling (ISP) can affect applications, inwhichpicture
preparing is the bottleneck, for example, in picture based
control (IBC) frameworks.” Astraightforwardworldviewofa
picture based control framework incorporates a detecting
task, which measures the yield of a camera sensor, a
calculation task for the regulator, and an incitation task that
will apply the choices of the regulator.Becauseoftheweighty
responsibility of the ISP when figuring a picture utilizing the
conventional ISP stages, the detecting task is the significant
bottleneck. The testing time of the regulator, which rises to
the time between two back to back detecting assignments, is
in this way affected as is the nature of-control (QoC), which
relies upon the examining time frame. The primary focal
point of this undertaking is to assess the effect of algorithmic
approximation on the picture handling pipeline of a picture
signal processor on the QoC of IBC frameworks.
3. IMAGE BASED CONTROL
Picture Based Control(IBC)systemsareclosedcircleanalysis
control systems which structuretheestablishmentofvarious
forefront applications like advanced driver help systems
(ADAS), way departure alerted (LDW) structures, self-
administering driving systems, visual course structures, etc
An average IBC system contains an identifying task (Ts),
which quantifies the yield of a camera sensor, a figuring task
(Tc), which executes the control estimation and an initiation
task (Ta) that applies the decisions made by the controller
(see Fig. 4.1).
Fig1:Sensor-to-actuator delay
4. APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
Surveyed planning is a procedurethatimpactsfromtheblock
of uses to blunders or uncertain includes that reduce the
quality in a controllable and excellent way. Interminable
current applications can bear those mixed up checks and lift
executionand energy efficiency [19].Programmingmethods,
for example, circle opening, memorization, accuracy scaling,
task dropping, and information examining [20] or stuff
frameworks, for example, over scaling, clock over-gating,
body-biasing and sustaining rate [19], may yield benefits of
possibly up to half [21] in execution time and basically
indistinguishable from overhaulsinenergyefficiency.Inlight
of IBC frameworks that are utilized as for ADAS or free
driving, the conspicuous fundamental concern is to take the
necessary steps not to crash the controlled vehicle.
Consequently, the yieldofanunforgivingfiguringtallyshould
be carefully taken note. There are different evaluation
frameworks open [20], either for programming based
hypothesis, for example,accuracy scaling and circle opening,
or equipment based gauge, like utilizing incorrectly gear. A
typical factor of those strategies is that they are application-
specific.
Figure 4.1: Traditional ISP pipeline
A picture signal processor is specific c to the picture sensor
and its definite usage differs for diferent producers. Its
motivation is to change over the RAW yield of the picture
sensor into a compacted picture, which is wonderful to the
human vision. A customary ISP pipeline comprises of
normally discovered stages [8], for example, democratic, de
noise, shading changes, extent planning, tone planning and
pressure.For instance, those ISP stagesare veryliketheones
in the Android's Camera Hardware-Abstraction-Layer(HAL)
subsystem, which comprises of a hot pixel revision,
democratic, commotion decrease, concealing and
mathematical remedy, shading rectification, tone bend
change and edge improvement stages [22].
5. LANE DEPARTURE DETECTION
Path flight recognition is adrivinghelptechniquethatutilizes
PC vision to recognize the path markers of the street and
identify the manner from the center of the current path. As
demonstrated in Figure 6.1, path flight discovery strategies
comprise of three basic advances; the picture preprocessing,
the path location, and the path following [25][26]. The
preprocessing step regularly incorporates a district of
revenue determination (ROI), trailed by a superior view
change (BEV)orafront-mountedcameraviewpoint.Thepath
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40028 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 13
location step is liable for the element extraction to perform
path identification, which can be accomplished utilizing
either edge recognition calculations like Sobel or Canny, or
thresholding procedures joined with edge discovery by
applying neighborhood-AND [12]. At last, the path following
advance permits assessing the situation of the vehicle andits
demeanor from the focal point of the path.
Figure 5.1: Lane departure detection flowchart
6. Experimental Setup
The preliminarycourseofactioninvolvesanitemframework,
which is a deliberate arrangement offourspecificsections,as
shown in Figure 7.1. The structure partinsinuatesthevehicle
with a front-mounted camera in a turnpike track, which is
reproduced using the virtual robotexperimentationstage(V-
REP) [28]. V-REP is a robot diversionframeworkthatenables
the progression of complex reenactment circumstances,
allowing the control component of the multiplication to be
external. As outside control substance, V-REP's far off API is
used in a client specialist plan, in which the laborer is the V-
REP multiplication and client is the control component
written in C++. V-REP's planned correspondence action is
being used, which allows passing every propagation
adventure inside V-REP in full synchronization with the
externalcontrolcomponent.Therelationshipwiththevehicle
is limited to isolating the image taken by the camera and
setting the coordinating point by in like manner setting the
rotational speed of the front wheels.
The controller is the last fragment of the framework and is
written in C++. It shows the components of the vehicle and
completes a relative controller. It interfaces with the way
distinguishing proof portion, from which it gets the equal
deviation, and determines the essential managing point to
keep the vehicle in the way. The controlling point is, then,fed
to the V-REP diversion, which is fundamental for the
structure part.
Figure 6.1: Software framework of experimental setup
7. APPLICATION PROFILING
The profiling pipeline is depicted in Figure 8.1. The system
and camera blocks insinuate the veritable vehicle inside the
amusement and its camera. They are depicted to have a
helicopter viewpoint all in all application and show the
significance of each and every one of the overabundance
squares. Those reflect the execution times that each and
every one of the urgent modules that were explained in
Section 7.1. The solitary development is the erev isp block,
which reflect, the time expected to explore the ISP in a
backward style. This is to vanquished the obstacle of V-REP
to give RAW pictures and is out of degree for the genuine
star ling. The first genuine execution time to pro le is the
eisp, which is the hour of the forward ISP pipeline. It is the
certifiable reason for ISP assessment and changes for the
different pipeline structures. At that point, eld is the
execution period of the way area stageand,finally,eibcisthe
execution period of the IBC controller.
8. Quality-of-Control Degradation due to
Approximation.
The ISP of the camera sensor isapproximatedtoevaluatethe
possible show gains for the application. Each approximated
pipeline skips different parts of the ISP and prompts a
different yield picture that is, by then, used by the way area
figuring in the application stream. The difference between
the various pipelines lies true to form of corruption they
achieve to the yield picture. To check this degradation, the
yield of each pipeline is stood out from the standard v0,
using the apex signal-to-racket extent (PSNR) as an
estimation. This grants to gauge the mean squared screw up
per pixel and per channel of the RGB picture. PSNR was
picked as the estimation, since its results for the given
course of action of approximated pictures follow the human
understanding. Higher PSNR regards show better picture
diversion.
At that point, the impact of picture corruption is analyzed. In
any case, the corruption is shown as tedious sound, the
result for the decided change on the comparable dataset for
all approximations. This licenses to broaden a theoretical
reach, wherein the genuine outcome of a reenactment is
ordinary. Last, the reenactment of the entire application is
run for all pipelines, without considering the time redesigns,
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40028 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 14
using a benchmark testing season of 60 ms.Settlingtimeand
mean squared botch (MSE) are the two estimations used to
assess the genuine impact on the idea of-control. The MSE is
resolved for two different use cases, to be explicit a straight
and a twisted track.
Figure 8.1: Image quality degradation
8.1. Experimental Results
At first, the picture quality corruption test isrunona dataset
of 200 pictures of the pattern v0. The gauge picture dataset
is first prepared by the differentpipelinesv1-v6.ThePSNR is
determined and the corruption is quantified as background
noise, the change of every pipeline towards the benchmark.
Figure 9.1(a) shows the debasement as far as PSNR and
9.1(b) the difference of every pipeline contrasted with the
gauge v0. This gives a knowledge on thespecificdebasement
dependent on a similar picture dataset forall pipelines,asno
different reenactment is run. As can be seen, pipelines v2
and v4 show the greatest fluctuation just as exceptionally
low PSNR. This shows that the blunders from thoseestimate
contrarily affect the application. In actuality, despite thefact
that v5 is just about as awful as v2 and v4 regarding PSNR, it
is taken care of well by the remainder of the application and
show less difference. All things considered,theapplicationis
mistake tough to those approximations.
The recreation is run for all the accessible pipelines v0 - v7
to get the real nature of-control that every pipeline
accomplishes. The difference with demonstrating the
corruption as repetitive sound that for this situation each
estimation of parallel deviation will differ per pipeline and,
in light of that estimation, ensuing estimations will be an
affected. The MSE consequences of the recreation can be
found in Figure 9.3. In the two cases, the recreation results
follow the displayed ones. In the straighttrack case,themost
noticeably terrible nature of-control corruption is noticed
for pipelines v2 and v4 with a debasement of 10% and 9%
individually, contrasted with the consequence of the
standard v0. Different adaptations perform generallybetter,
going from 1% to 4% more terrible MSE. For the bended
track, adaptations v2 and v4 show the most exceedingly
awful MSE, everything being equal, performing 80% and
40% more regrettable than the benchmark v0.
9. CONCLUSION
This work has shown the impact of algorithmicconjectureto
the idea of-control for picture based control structures. For
the examination, we used the use case of a sidelong
controller that performs way putting something aside for a
self-overseeing vehicle. The application that plays out the
image signal that performs the imagesignal processing,lane,
way area and control estimations, wasmadeintheprevalent
C++ programming language, with the ISP altered in the
territory specific language Halide. The generationswererun
on the VREP mechanized test framework,usinga vehicleand
two separate tracks, explicitly a straight and a twisted track.
The application was made screw up solid by changing the
way ID count to have the alternative to deal with the degree
of gauge that the different harsh ISP interpretations
required. We ran this application on an Intel i7 processor,
utilizing the available parallelism of the application through
Halide on the eight open strings passedoninfour places.We,
from the start, benchmarked the application by driving
mindful and bare essential expert ling on an amount of 8
different pipeline frames, all of which on a dataset of 200
pictures that were gained in VREP. Bythen, we evaluated the
debasement in nature of-control that is achieved by
assessment, without considering the impact of supposition
on runtime execution. Finally, the runtime execution gains
due to figure was thought of and the improvement in nature
of-control wasquantified. Weusedtwoseparate estimations,
explicitly the settling time and measure of squaredbumbles,
to survey the display of the controller. Moreover, we used
the energy, memory impression and sensor-to-actuator
deferral to measure the improvement in the application
execution.
Future Work and Future Directions
Our speculative courses of action join the further
improvement of the idea of-control byimprovingthecontrol
methodology. The current work has quantified the
supposition screw up that each approximated ISP pipeline
achieves and showed itasfoundationclamor.Thisquantified
error can be used later on to develop an immediate
quadratic Gaussian control method that will consider the
assessment uproar in light of conjecture.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Galarnyk, Understanding boxplots," September
2018. [Online]. Available: https:
//towardsdatascience.com/understanding-boxplots-
5e2df7bcbd51 vii, 28
[2] Critical reasons for crashes investigated in the
national motor vehicle crash causation survey," in
National Center for Statistics and Analysis, U.S.
Department of Transportation, February 2015.
[Online]. Available:
https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPu
blication/ 812115 1
[3] L. Fridman, D. E. Brown, M. Glazer, W. Angell, S. Dodd,
B. Jenik, J. Terwilliger, J. Kindels-berger, L. Ding, S.
Seaman, H. Abraham, A. Mehler, A. Sipperley, A.
Pettinato, B. Seppelt, L. Angell, B. Mehler, and B.
Reimer, MIT autonomous vehicle technology study:
Large-scale deep learning based analysis of driver
behavior and interaction withautomation,"CoRR,vol.
abs/1711.06976, 2017. 1
[4] K. Bimbraw, Autonomous cars: Past, present and
future a review of the developments in the last
century, the present scenario and the expectedfuture
of autonomous vehicle techno-logy," in 12th
International Conference on Informatics in Control,
Automation and Robotics (ICINCO),vol.01,July2015,
pp. 191{198. 1
[5] S. Liu, L. Li, J. Tang, S. Wu, and J.-L. Gaudiot, Creating
Autonomous Vehicle Systems.Morgan&Claypool,pp.
1-7, 2017. 1
[6] R. Okuda, Y. Kajiwara, and K. Terashima, A survey of
technical trend of adas and autonom-ous driving," in
Proceedings of Technical Program - International
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40028 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2021 Page 15
Symposium on VLSI Tech-nology, Systems and
Application (VLSI-TSA), April 2014, pp. 1{4. 1
[7] C. Turner, Next-generation automotive image
processing with arm mali-c71," in ARM Tech Forum
Korea. ARM Ltd., 2017. 1
[8] M. Buckler, S. Jayasuriya, and A. Sampson, Recon
guring the imaging pipeline for computer vision," in
The IEEE International Conference on Computer
Vision (ICCV), 2017. 1, 6, 13, 14, 15, 23
[9] Q. Xu, T. Mytkowicz, and N. S. Kim, Approximate
computing: A survey," IEEE Design Test, vol. 33, no.1,
pp. 8{22, Feb 2016. 1
[10] E. van Horssen, Data-intensive feedback control :
switched systems analysis and design," Ph.D.
dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
2 2018, proefschrift. 5