The phase winding of Switched Reluctance Motor is excited during the positive increasing region of the phase inductance to get the motoring action. This is performed through a converter. This paper presents the speed control of DC Split converter fed 4 phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor drive using PWM controller. The speed of the motor is controlled by varying the duty ratio of the PWM controller. Simulation results are verified with hardware implementation of the controller. The Hall sensors provided in the motor provide signals corresponding to the position of the rotor. The pulses to the IGBT switches are generated by TMS320F2407A DSP controller. The waveforms of the PWM signals and Hall sensor signals are captured by means of Digital Storage Oscilloscope. Motor phase currents, phase voltages and associated numerical values are captured and analyzed by Power Analyzer. Steady state analysis of the drive has been carried out.
DC Position Control System – Determination of Parameters and Significance on ...IDES Editor
Physical systems used for control applications
require proper control methodologies to obtain the desired
response. Controller parameters used in such applications
have to be tuned properly for obtaining the desired response
from the systems. Tuning controller parameters depends on
the physical parameters of the systems. Therefore, the physical
parameters of the systems have to be known. Number of
techniques has been developed for finding the mechanical
parameters of motors. But, no straightforward method has
been established for estimating the parameters of the load so
far. This paper presents a method of determining mechanical
parameters viz. moment of inertia and friction coefficient of
motor & load. This paper also stresses that load parameters
have appreciable effect on the dynamic response of systems
and have to be determined. A DC servo position control system
is considered for applying the method. Moment of inertia and
friction coefficient of the DC servo motor as well as load are
determined using the method. It is evident that moment of
inertia and friction coefficient can be determined for any load
arrangement using the proposed method. Effect of load on the
system dynamics is emphasized by considering the PID
controller tuning. It is found that PID controller when tuned
based on estimated load parameters could yield optimum
response. This justifies that load parameters have to be
determined for dynamic load variations.
Quasi-resonant Flyback Converter Simulations with Saber - APEC 2016Alan Courtay
This tutorial shows Saber applied to the modeling and simulation of a common AC/DC power converter topology. The automation available in the Saber environment allows the converter to be thoroughly verified and regression-tested over a broad range of operating conditions.
DC Position Control System – Determination of Parameters and Significance on ...IDES Editor
Physical systems used for control applications
require proper control methodologies to obtain the desired
response. Controller parameters used in such applications
have to be tuned properly for obtaining the desired response
from the systems. Tuning controller parameters depends on
the physical parameters of the systems. Therefore, the physical
parameters of the systems have to be known. Number of
techniques has been developed for finding the mechanical
parameters of motors. But, no straightforward method has
been established for estimating the parameters of the load so
far. This paper presents a method of determining mechanical
parameters viz. moment of inertia and friction coefficient of
motor & load. This paper also stresses that load parameters
have appreciable effect on the dynamic response of systems
and have to be determined. A DC servo position control system
is considered for applying the method. Moment of inertia and
friction coefficient of the DC servo motor as well as load are
determined using the method. It is evident that moment of
inertia and friction coefficient can be determined for any load
arrangement using the proposed method. Effect of load on the
system dynamics is emphasized by considering the PID
controller tuning. It is found that PID controller when tuned
based on estimated load parameters could yield optimum
response. This justifies that load parameters have to be
determined for dynamic load variations.
Quasi-resonant Flyback Converter Simulations with Saber - APEC 2016Alan Courtay
This tutorial shows Saber applied to the modeling and simulation of a common AC/DC power converter topology. The automation available in the Saber environment allows the converter to be thoroughly verified and regression-tested over a broad range of operating conditions.
Implementation of Three phase SPWM Inverter with Minimum Number of Power Elec...IJMTST Journal
In the past decades, the researchers have dealt with the conventional topology, which possesses sum switches of Multilevel Inverter is applied to PWM method. The present research work has been introduced a new method of multilevel inverter using reduced switches is applied with PWM technique. In introduction part the conventional new multilevel inverter & switching pattern are explained. In second part PWM technique of proposed work and circuits is explained. The width of this pulses are modulated in order to obtain inverter output voltage control and to reduce its harmonic content. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation or SPWM is the most common method in motor control and inverter application. Conventionally, to generate the signal, triangle wave as a carrier signal is compared with the sinusoidal wave, whose frequency is the desired frequency.
Combined Operation of SVC, PSS and Increasing Inertia of Machine for Power Sy...IJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper improvement of transient stability by coordination of PSS (Power System Stabilizer) and SVC (Static var Compensator) and increasing inertia of synchronous machine has been observed. Because single method is not sufficient for improving stability. For this purpose a 9 bus multi machine system has been considered. Transient stability improvement has been tested subjected to three phase fault at bus 3 after 0.5 second and fault has been cleared after 1 second. By the use of PSS, SVC and by increasing inertia method for the test system the electromechanical oscillation for generator electrical power has been reduced and the steady state power transfer has been enhanced. In this paper the Inertia of the machine is not so much increased. Because after increasing inertia of the machine rotor will be havier.so that it is kept always within limit as considering its reliability and economy. And field voltage is also kept limited
This paper proposes new topology of five-phase inverter with reduced number of switches fed indirect rotor field oriented five phase induction motor. It employs only eight IGBT switches preformed five phase inverter. The reduction of the number of power switches from ten to eight improves the cost-effectiveness, volume-compactness and reliability of five-phase induction motor drive system. Simulation model of the proposed drive system is developed using the Matlab/Simulink package and analyzed to verify the effectiveness at different operating conditions of this approach. The comparison between the performance of the five phase motor under classical ten switch inverter and new topology at the same operation conditions has been illustrated. The proposed system gives similar operations as classical ten switch inverter for a certain range of motor speed and load torque. The DC voltage of proposed inverter must be compensated to higher value to achieve same performance of classical ten switch inverter in all range of motor speed and load torque.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
The conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC) is known to produce a quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state, stator flux and electromagnetic torque which results in incorrect speed estimations and acoustical noise. A modified Direct Torque Control (DTC) by using Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) for induction machine is proposed in this paper. Using this control strategy, the ripples introduced in torque and flux are reduced. This paper presents a novel approach to design and implementation of a high perfromane torque control (DTC-SVM) of induction machine using Field Programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through digital simulation using Matlab\Simulink and Xilinx System Generator. The simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong dpr 1000-e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
The PCR-LE2 Series are designed based on the PCR-LE Series that supports single-phase output, single-phase 3-wire output, and three-phase output within the rated capacity by selecting the switch from the front panel operation.
The PCR-LE2 series offer the same basic performance, using the common power unit of the PCR-LE Series, with providing easier installation and saving the space more efficiently compare to the individual allocation of the system for a single phase, single-phase 3-wire, and three phase systems. The lineup of PCR-LE2 Series are available in 5 models:6 kVA, 9 kVA, 12kVA, 18kVA, and 27 kVA model.
The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by varying the voltage applied to the terminal. It can be done by controlling a PWM-VSC (PWM-Voltage Source Converter). This paper analyzes an control strategy of PWM-VSC using fuzzy logic to obtain varying DC voltage and according to the DC motor speed as desired. The control strategy of PWM-VSC directly using the switch variable in dq rotating reference frame as input variables. The fuzzy logic controller proposes to get a DC voltage variation stable by adjusting amplitudo of the network current. The simulation Fuzzy Logic Controller results show that the design fuzzy logic produce a good dynamic of DC voltage and DC motor speed without overshoot. On the network, Total Harmonic Distortion less than 5 % and unity power factor.
Experimental Study of the Boost Converter under Current Mode ControlIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the practical analysis of Boost converter operating in
continuous conduction mode under current control. We start by theconverter
modeling, then experimental results will be exposed where we propose an
experimental circuit, to study the influence of the variation of different
circuit parameters such as reference current, input voltage and load. We also
analyze the control technique performances. The experimental results are
given and interpreted in each case.
Implementation of Three phase SPWM Inverter with Minimum Number of Power Elec...IJMTST Journal
In the past decades, the researchers have dealt with the conventional topology, which possesses sum switches of Multilevel Inverter is applied to PWM method. The present research work has been introduced a new method of multilevel inverter using reduced switches is applied with PWM technique. In introduction part the conventional new multilevel inverter & switching pattern are explained. In second part PWM technique of proposed work and circuits is explained. The width of this pulses are modulated in order to obtain inverter output voltage control and to reduce its harmonic content. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation or SPWM is the most common method in motor control and inverter application. Conventionally, to generate the signal, triangle wave as a carrier signal is compared with the sinusoidal wave, whose frequency is the desired frequency.
Combined Operation of SVC, PSS and Increasing Inertia of Machine for Power Sy...IJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper improvement of transient stability by coordination of PSS (Power System Stabilizer) and SVC (Static var Compensator) and increasing inertia of synchronous machine has been observed. Because single method is not sufficient for improving stability. For this purpose a 9 bus multi machine system has been considered. Transient stability improvement has been tested subjected to three phase fault at bus 3 after 0.5 second and fault has been cleared after 1 second. By the use of PSS, SVC and by increasing inertia method for the test system the electromechanical oscillation for generator electrical power has been reduced and the steady state power transfer has been enhanced. In this paper the Inertia of the machine is not so much increased. Because after increasing inertia of the machine rotor will be havier.so that it is kept always within limit as considering its reliability and economy. And field voltage is also kept limited
This paper proposes new topology of five-phase inverter with reduced number of switches fed indirect rotor field oriented five phase induction motor. It employs only eight IGBT switches preformed five phase inverter. The reduction of the number of power switches from ten to eight improves the cost-effectiveness, volume-compactness and reliability of five-phase induction motor drive system. Simulation model of the proposed drive system is developed using the Matlab/Simulink package and analyzed to verify the effectiveness at different operating conditions of this approach. The comparison between the performance of the five phase motor under classical ten switch inverter and new topology at the same operation conditions has been illustrated. The proposed system gives similar operations as classical ten switch inverter for a certain range of motor speed and load torque. The DC voltage of proposed inverter must be compensated to higher value to achieve same performance of classical ten switch inverter in all range of motor speed and load torque.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
The conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC) is known to produce a quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state, stator flux and electromagnetic torque which results in incorrect speed estimations and acoustical noise. A modified Direct Torque Control (DTC) by using Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) for induction machine is proposed in this paper. Using this control strategy, the ripples introduced in torque and flux are reduced. This paper presents a novel approach to design and implementation of a high perfromane torque control (DTC-SVM) of induction machine using Field Programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through digital simulation using Matlab\Simulink and Xilinx System Generator. The simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong dpr 1000-e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
The PCR-LE2 Series are designed based on the PCR-LE Series that supports single-phase output, single-phase 3-wire output, and three-phase output within the rated capacity by selecting the switch from the front panel operation.
The PCR-LE2 series offer the same basic performance, using the common power unit of the PCR-LE Series, with providing easier installation and saving the space more efficiently compare to the individual allocation of the system for a single phase, single-phase 3-wire, and three phase systems. The lineup of PCR-LE2 Series are available in 5 models:6 kVA, 9 kVA, 12kVA, 18kVA, and 27 kVA model.
The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by varying the voltage applied to the terminal. It can be done by controlling a PWM-VSC (PWM-Voltage Source Converter). This paper analyzes an control strategy of PWM-VSC using fuzzy logic to obtain varying DC voltage and according to the DC motor speed as desired. The control strategy of PWM-VSC directly using the switch variable in dq rotating reference frame as input variables. The fuzzy logic controller proposes to get a DC voltage variation stable by adjusting amplitudo of the network current. The simulation Fuzzy Logic Controller results show that the design fuzzy logic produce a good dynamic of DC voltage and DC motor speed without overshoot. On the network, Total Harmonic Distortion less than 5 % and unity power factor.
Experimental Study of the Boost Converter under Current Mode ControlIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the practical analysis of Boost converter operating in
continuous conduction mode under current control. We start by theconverter
modeling, then experimental results will be exposed where we propose an
experimental circuit, to study the influence of the variation of different
circuit parameters such as reference current, input voltage and load. We also
analyze the control technique performances. The experimental results are
given and interpreted in each case.
A Soft Switching Control Strategy Based On Interleaved Boost Converter for BL...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) based two-cell interleaved
boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for permanent magnet
brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive has been proposed.For achieving
soft switching, only one switch is used in auxiliary circuit which reduces the
torque ripple and switching losses. In this proposed control strategy, the DC
link voltage is which is proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC motor
controlled with interleaved boost converter. In this paper, six switch and four
switch VSI is implemented with interleaved boost converter topology. A
comparison is made between the six switch and four switch VSI fed
PMBLDC Motor drive and torque Analysis as been done. To validate the
proposed work, simulation study is presented. The results showed that
proposed converter control strategy operating under soft switching mode
improves the efficiency in wide range of the speed control.
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...ijsrd.com
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
An Improved DTFC based Five Levels - NPC Inverter Fed Induction Motor for Tor...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a five level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter fed
IM (Induction Motor) drive for variable speed application. In general the
stator current is very highly affected by the harmonic components. It can be
affecting the torque to produce high torque ripple in IM at maximum to low
speed region. Since the drive performances are depends on mathematical
model contains the parameters variations, noise, common mode voltage, flux
variation and harmonic levels of the machine. Torque ripples and voltage
saturations are the most significant problems in drive application. To
overcome this problem the DTFC (direct torque and flux control) technique
based five-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC-5L) approach is used. The
proposed control scheme uses to stator current error as variable. Through the
resistance estimated PI controller rules based the selection of voltage space
vector modulation technique is optimized and motor performance level has
been improved. The torque & speed are successfully controlled with less
torque response. The results are compared and verified with conventional
three phases VSI under different control technique by Matlab/Simulink.
Simulation Of A 4-Switch,3-Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor (IM) Drive Systemijiert bestjournal
This paper investigates the performance of a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter (4S3P) fed cost effective induction motor (IM)drive system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 6 - switch,3 - phase inverter (6S3P) a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter is utilized. This reduces the cost of the inverter,the switching losses,and the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6PWM logic signals. The Simulation results of the proposed 4S3P inverter fed drive is also made in terms of speed response &total harmonic distortion (THD) in terms of stator current and inverter current. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is fou nd acceptable considering its cost reduction and other advantageous features. A general space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method for control of four - switch three - phase inverters is presented.
Transient Dynamic Analyzing for Induction Motor Design Based on combine Simul...IJERA Editor
The paper introduces an industrial application of field-circuit-mechanical combined simulation on the induction
motor design, which is driven with power electronic circuit, VFD(Varied Frequency Driver). The time variant
electromagnetic field is calculated with time stepping Finite Element method, while VFD circuit is simulated
real time with cSpice technology which have been implanted in the Maxwell software.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION AND MODELLING OF SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR ijiert bestjournal
DC Motors can be used in various applications and c an be used in various sizes and rates as per the applications. In this paper we have focused on the physical parameters of DC motor. Modelling of any system is an important task in con trol applications because the electrical and mechanical components should be represented in math ematical form. Physical parameters are important in calculating the transfer function of D C motor. By using the physical parameters one can design the controller for controlling speed of the motor. A proportional�integral� derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control syst ems. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs. The weighted sum of the proportionate,integrate,differentiate actions is used to adjust the process via a control element such as the position of a control valve,or the power supplied.
BLDC motor driven electric skateboard using SVPWM IJECEIAES
Several problems are faced by today’s generation. One of them is the increase in pollution in our everyday life. Each of us can play a part in reducing this by using some environmentally friendly method such as cycles which requires mechanical force. Another way to accomplish this is by using electricity to produce this mechanical force i.e. electric motor. In this paper BLDC motor driven electric skateboard is designed with mathematical calculation, verified with simulation and developed as a experimental setup.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DESIGN, SIMULATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL OF PLC BASED INTEGRAL CYCLE CO...IAEME Publication
The Class of ac power controllers consists of Solid State Power Controller (SSPC) which connects and disconnects the load to the supply according to the required power. Two important voltage control techniques are commonly used for heating power control in ac power controller are Phase Control Switching and Integral Cycle Control. In case that a PCS is used for the resistive load, it can produce higher order harmonics and heavy inrush current while switching on in a cold start. In the proposed method, a disadvantage of phase controlled is removed. In this paper authors have reported simulated results, design methodology, implementation and Control of PLC Based Integral Cycle Control (ICC) method for Resistance Spot Welding (RSW).
The existing mixer grinder comprises of the universal motor operating in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the Brushless DC (BLDC) extends its lifetime and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A novel solar-powered BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC boost converter has been utilised to operate a PV (photovoltaic) array at its highest power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. A performance comparison is made using the commercially available mixer grinder along with the simulated proposed system.
Application of AGPU for Matrix ConvertersIAES-IJPEDS
A simple PI control loop for the matrix converter system is designed in the simulation to maintain a constant output voltage inspite of any disturbance in the source. The single phase matrix converter employs a modified safe- commutation strategy, which results in the elimination of voltage spikes on switches, without the need of a snubber circuit when there is an inductive load being utilized. This is facilitated through the proper switching control algorithm. The sine PWM pulses are generated as switching pulses to the converter to reduce the THD.
Similar to Implementation of PWM Control of DC Split Converter Fed Switched Reluctance Motor Drive (20)
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708
Implementation of PWM Control of DC Split Converter Fed Switched Reluctance Motor Drive (P. Srinivas)
605
2. SIMULATION OF PWM CONTROLLED DC SPLIT CONVERTER FED SRM DRIVE
The performance of the PWM controlled DC Split converter fed drive is analyzed through
simulation. The specifications of the motor are given in Appendix A. In this simulation, the MATLAB inbuilt
SRM model is used. The simulation is performed at 2000 rpm & 4000 rpm for three different load torques i.e
at no load, 0.5 Nm and 0.75 Nm. Figure 1(a) shows the simulation diagram of drive with PWM control.
Figure 1(b) shows the DC Split converter. The diagram consists SRM model, Position sensor, DC Split
converter, PWM controller and Pulse generator. The switching frequency of the IGBTs is 15 kHz for all
loads. The simulation is executed for 4000 rpm and 2000 rpm at three different load torques.
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. (a) Simulation diagram of SRM drive with PWM control, (b) DC Split converter
The simulation waveforms of the PWM controlled DC Split converter fed drive at a speed of 4000
rpm and for a load torque of 0.75 Nm are shown in Figure 2. PWM gate signals applied to IGBTs S1 to S4 are
shown in Figure 2(a). The sensor signals are shown in Figure 2(b). The motor currents in four phases is
shown in Figure 2(c). The peak current and average current in each phase are 22.53 A and 7.50 A
respectively. Motor voltages in four phases is shown in Figure 2(d). Current and voltage of one phase is
shown in Figure 2(e).
r
Discrete,
Ts = 1e-006 s.
powergui
t
To Workspace
TL
m
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
TL
m
Switched Reluctance
Motor
Scope1Pulse
Generator
w
TurnOn
TurnOff
sig
Position_Sensor
0.75
Load
-K-
G1
G2
G3
G4
vdc+
vdc-
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D
D'
DC Spilt
Converter
30
55
Clock
V
<w (rad/s)>
<Te (N*m)>
<I (A)><I (A)>
<V (V)>
10D'
9 D
8 C2
7C1
6B2
5 B1
4
vdc-
3 A2
2A1
1
vdc+
g
C
E
IGBT3
g
C
E
IGBT2
g
C
E
IGBT1
g
C
E
IGBT
D5
D4
D3
D2
4
G4
3
G3
2
G2
1
G1
4. IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708
Implementation of PWM Control of DC Split Converter Fed Switched Reluctance Motor Drive (P. Srinivas)
607
3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF PWM CONTROLLED SRM DRIVE
In order to verify the simulation results, experiments have been performed at 4000 rpm and 2000
rpm at same load torques as executed in simulation. The specifications of the SRM are given in Appendix A.
The PWM signals applied to IGBTs and Hall sensor output signals are captured by Digital Storage
Oscilloscope. The waveforms of the phase currents, phase voltages and various associated numerical values
are measured, captured and analyzed by Power Analyzer. The practical waveforms are shown for 4000 rpm
at three different load torques. The load is applied by means of Eddy current loading.
The practical waveforms of the PWM controlled DC Split converter fed drive at 4000 rpm &
TL = 0.75 Nm are shown in Figure 3. PWM gate signals applied to IGBTs S1 to S4 are shown in Figure 3(a).
Switching frequency is 14.47 kHz. The sensor signals are shown in Figure 3(b). The motor currents in four
phases is shown in Figure 3(c). The peak current and average current in each phase are 23.00 A and 8.45 A
respectively. The motor voltages in four phases is shown in Figure 3(d). The expanded view of current and
voltage of one phase is shown in Figure 3(e).
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
Figure 3. (a) PWM gate signals to IGBTs (S1 to S4) at N = 4000 rpm & TL= 0.75 Nm, (b) Hall Sensor signals
at N = 4000 rpm & TL= 0.75 Nm, (c) Currents of four phases at N = 4000 rpm & TL= 0.75 Nm, (d) Voltages
of four phases at N = 4000 rpm & TL= 0.75 Nm, (e) Current and voltage of one phase at N = 4000 rpm &
TL= 0.75 Nm
5. ISSN:2088-8708
IJECE Vol. 7, No. 2, April 2017 : 604–609
608
The peak current, average current, peak voltage and average voltage obtained through simulation and
experiment for 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm at three different load torques is tabulated in Table 1.
Table 1. Comparison of Simulation and Experimental results using DC Split converter fed SRM drive
Simulation
Load
(Nm)
Speed
(rpm)
%Duty
ratio
Peak
Current (A)
Average
Current (A)
Peak Voltage
(V)
Average
Voltage (V)
0.75 4003 88.76 22.53 7.50 24 20.51
0.50 4002 81.34 17.02 5.89 24 19.95
No load 4003 56.96 4.86 1.09 24 9.80
0.75 2002 70.88 20.08 7.11 24 19.79
0.50 2002 63.98 16.21 5.63 24 19.20
No load 2003 53.12 4.01 0.82 24 9.80
Experiment
Load
(Nm)
Speed
(rpm)
%Duty
ratio
Peak
Current (A)
Average
Current (A)
Peak Voltage
(V)
Average
Voltage (V)
0.75 4005 87.13 23.00 8.45 24 20.40
0.50 4005 80.76 16.50 6.11 24 19.92
No load 4006 56.12 5.02 1.24 24 9.70
0.75 2003 69.13 20.63 7.22 24 19.68
0.50 2003 63.01 16.30 5.80 24 19.10
No load 2004 52.12 4.10 0.91 24 9.70
From the above table, it is clear that the simulation results are in close agreement with experimental
results at different speeds and load torques.
4. CONCLUSION
The performance of PWM controlled DC Split converter fed SRM drive is analyzed through
simulation and by hardware experimentation. The gating signals of the required duty ratios are fed to the
IGBTs through DSP. The switching frequency is maintained at 15 kHz. The switching frequency obtained in
experiment is 14.47 kHz. The controller is tested at 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm for three different load torques.
It is observed that the peak current, average current, peak voltage and average voltage obtained through
simulation and experiments are nearly same. The duty ratios are almost same in simulation and experiment.
Thus, the simulation results are in correlation with the experimental results.
REFERENCES
[1] R. Krishnan, Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: modeling, simulation, analysis, design, and applications, CRC
press, 2001.
[2] T.J.E. Miller, Electronic Control of Switched Reluctance Motor, Newnes, 2001.
[3] Maged N. F. Nashed, Samia M. Mahmoud, Mohsen Z. El-Sherif, Emad S. Abdel-Aliem, Hysteresis Current
Control of Switched Reluctance Motor in Aircraft Applications, vol 4, No 3, pp. 376-392, 2014.
[4] P. Srinivas and P.V.N. Prasad, Direct Instantaneous Torque Control of 4 Phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor,
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive systems, vol. 1, no. 2, 2011.
[5] Y. Liu and P. Pillay, A Startup Control Algorithm for the Split-Link Converter for a Switched Reluctance Motor
Drive, IEEE Transactions on industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no.3, June 1999.
[6] F. Soares, et al.,”Simulation of a 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor based on Matlab/Simulink environment”, IEEE
Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001.
[7] A.V. Rajarathnam, et al. “Improvement of hysteresis control in switched reluctance motor drives”, IEEE
International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, pp. 537-539, 1999.
[8] P. Srinivas and P.V.N. Prasasd., “Voltage Control and Hysteresis Current Control of a 8/6 Switched Reluctance
Motor”, in proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Electrical Machines & Systems, pp. 1557-1562, 2007.
[9] P. Chancharoensook and M.F. Rahman, A DSP based Speed control of a four phase 8/6 switched Reluctance
Motor Drive, Proceedings of Austrialian Universities Power Engineering Conference(AUPEC), 2004.
[10] Baiming Shao et al., “A digital PWM control for Switched Reluctance Motor drives”, in proceedings of IEEE
International Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion, pp. 1-6, 2010.
[11] Rik De Doncker, Duco W.J. Pulle, Andre Veltman, Advanced Electrical Drives: Analysis, Modeling and Control,
Springer, 2011.
6. IJECE ISSN: 2088-8708
Implementation of PWM Control of DC Split Converter Fed Switched Reluctance Motor Drive (P. Srinivas)
609
Appendix-A
Specifications of SRM for Simulation and Hardware Implementation
Power : 1 HP
Voltage : 48 V DC
Current : 10 A
Speed : 6000 rpm
Aligned Inductance : 4.85 mH
Unaligned Inductance : 0.345 mH
Resistance : 0.3 Ω
![International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 7, No. 2, April 2017, pp. 604~609
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp604-609 604
Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJECE
Implementation of PWM Control of DC Split Converter Fed
Switched Reluctance Motor Drive
P. Srinivas
Departement of Electrical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana,
500 007, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Jul 27, 2016
Revised Mar 4, 2017
Accepted Mar 20, 2017
The phase winding of Switched Reluctance Motor is excited during the
positive increasing region of the phase inductance to get the motoring action.
This is performed through a converter. This paper presents the speed control
of DC Split converter fed 4 phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor drive
using PWM controller. The speed of the motor is controlled by varying the
duty ratio of the PWM controller. Simulation results are verified with
hardware implementation of the controller. The Hall sensors provided in the
motor provide signals corresponding to the position of the rotor. The pulses
to the IGBT switches are generated by TMS320F2407A DSP controller. The
waveforms of the PWM signals and Hall sensor signals are captured by
means of Digital Storage Oscilloscope. Motor phase currents, phase voltages
and associated numerical values are captured and analyzed by Power
Analyzer. Steady state analysis of the drive has been carried out.
Keyword:
DC split converter
PWM control
Switched reluctance motor
Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
P. Srinivas,
Departement of Electrical Engineering,
University College of Engineering,
Osmania University,
Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.
Email: srinivasp.eedou@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is considered as an alternative to conventional motors because
of its advantages like high speed, robustness, high reliability, low cost and high rotor temperature handling
capability. The phase winding is excited during the positive increasing region of the phase inductance to get
the motoring action through a converter [1-4]. The conventional asymmetrical converter has the advantages
of both hard chopping and soft chopping [1], [2]. The disadvantage of the asymmetrical converter is that it
requires two switches in a phase. Two switches per phase can be eliminated by DC split converter [5]. The
control strategies of SRM are mainly the Hysteresis Current Control, PWM Control and the Single Pulse
Voltage Control. Hysteresis Current Control and PWM Control are used for low and medium speed
operations. The Single Pulse Voltage Control controls the speed and torque by regulating the turn-on and
turn-off angles. This is suitable for high speed operation, but not to low speed operation because of high
current peaks [6-8]. The speed control of asymmetrical converter fed 4 phase SRM using DSP is investigated
experimentally in [9].
This paper presents the speed control of DC Split converter fed 4 phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance
Motor drive using PWM controller. The speed is regulated through a PWM controller [10], [11] in which, the
average phase voltage during the conduction period is controlled by varying the duty ratio of the switches.
The simulation results are verified and validated through the experimental setup.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v061mar1711990final11990revised-201014062516/85/Implementation-of-PWM-Control-of-DC-Split-Converter-Fed-Switched-Reluctance-Motor-Drive-1-320.jpg)
