The document discusses variable frequency drives (VFDs) and their operation. It provides specifications for the Delta VFD007L21A model being used. It explains how a VFD works by converting input power to DC then variable voltage/frequency AC to control motor speed. The document outlines exercises to control the VFD, including starting/stopping a motor, changing speeds, and interfacing the VFD with a PLC for a conveyor control project.

1. Bhuvesh Sharma
Final Year Undergraduate,
Mechatronics Engineering,
ISTC - CSIO

2. Purpose
 To understand VFD
 VFDs working
 Understanding its various operations
 Preparing program for Operations
 Controlling VFD with PLC

3. What is a VFD ?
VFD is acronym for Variable Frequency Drive
Also know as Inverter in industries.
 Its is used to :
• Used to control the speed of Motor
• Make the system intelligent &
• Saves energy

4. Specifications of a VFD
 We are working on Delta VFD007L21A
 Its various specifications are written below
Item Number VFD007L21A
Manufacture Delta Products
Nominal Input VAC 240 Volts AC
HP 1
Input Phase 1 or 3
Wattage 0.4 KW

5. How does VFD works!
 A Variable Frequency Drive converts incoming 50 Hz (could be 60
Hz for different countries) utility power into DC, then converts it to a
simulated variable voltage, variable frequency output
Speed of Motor directly Proportional to Frequency
rmp = 120f/p
F: Frequency
P: Number of Poles

6. Figure showing working of VFD
Motor
L1
L2
L3
C
L
Input Converter
(Diode Bridge)
Output Inverter
(IGBT’s)
DC Bus
(Filter)+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+ +
_ _

7. Simple representation of VFD working
RECTIFIER
(AC - DC)
INVERTER
(DC - AC)
AC DC AC
VFD
Zero - 120 Hz60 Hz

8. How to perform various operations on VFD
 VFD gives a good control over the working of 3-phase electrical motor.
 What, how to set VFD to perform various operations ?
For this, user must have read the manual of VFD.
Then according to the parameters in manual VFD is programed to
perform various operations

9. Important Basic parameters of VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
0-02 Reset 10 0
1-00 Maximum output frequency 50 60
1-01 Maximum setting frequency 50 60
1-09 Acceleration time 1 (Taecel 1) As per requirement 10
1-10 deceleration time 1 (Tdecel 1) As per requirement 10
1-13 Jog Accel Time As per requirement 10
1-14 Jog Decel Time As per requirement 10
1-15 Jog Frequency As per requirement 6

10. Important Operation Method Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
2-00 Source of Frequency 0-4 0
2-01 Source of Operation 0-4 0
2-04 Reverse Operation
Inhibit
0-3 0

11. Important Input Function Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
4-00 Potentiometer Bias
Frequency
0.0-350 Hz 0
4-01 Potentiometer Bias
Polarity
0-1 0
4-02 Potentiometer
Frequency Gain
1-200 1
4-03 Direction setting for
negative bias
0-2 0

12. Important Multi-step Speed Parameters of
VFD007L21A
Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting
5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0
5-03 PLC Mode 0-4 0
5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0-65500 sec 0
5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0-65500 sec 0
5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0-65500 sec 0
5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0-65500 sec 0

13. Exercises
Sr. No. Description
1 Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.
2 Change acceleration and deceleration time.
3.1 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (0 to 50Hz)
3.2 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (-50 to50Hz)
4 4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM
5 3 WIRE SYSTEM
6 Multi-step Speed (Manually)
7 Multi-step Speed (Timer)
8 VFD interfacing with PLC
9 Project

14. 1. Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.
for this , add parameters given below in VFD:
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational
frequency
50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

15. 2. Change acceleration and deceleration time.
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time Set as per requirement
1-10 Dec time Set as per requirement

16. 3. Change source of Frequency.
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-00 Source of frequency 0 digital keypad
1 External potentiometer
3 VR on drive

17. Preparing H/W for exercise

18. Arranging pot between a range of
frequency
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-00 Source of frequency External potentiometer
4-00 Potentiometer Bias Frequency 0 -50
4-01 Potentiometer Bias Polarity 0 for positive
4-02 Potentiometer Frequency Gain Adjust according to
requirement

19. 3.1 Varying frequency from 0 to 50 Hz

20. 3.2 Varying frequency from (-60) to 60 Hz
*Note : change 4-01 to 1 for negative biasing
change 2-04 to negative to enable reverse direction

21. 4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM
 Two wire system is used to access external terminal
Figure: shows h/w implementation of 2 wire system

22. Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external
terminals, keypad STOP
enabled.
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 2 M0: RUN / STOP
M1: FWD / REV
Parameters to be set for 2 WIRE SYSTEM

23. 5. 3 WIRE SYSTEM
 Three wire system is used to access external terminal
Figure :Shows h/w implementation of 3 WIRE SYSTEM

24. Parameters to be set for 3 WIRE SYSTEM
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external
terminals, keypad STOP
enabled.
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 3 3 -Wire Operation
Control mode
(M0,M1,M2)

25. Multi-step Speed Operations
 It is a very important VFD operation , in which we can control VFD speed in steps .
 There are two methods of doing this operation
1. manually ( by switches)
2. Automatic (by timer)

26. 6. Multi-step Speed (Manually)
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of Operation 1
4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal (M1) 2 2 wire system
4-05 Multi-function Input Terminal (M2 7 Multi-Step Speed Command 1
4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3 8 Multi-Step Speed Command 2
5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-01 2 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

27. H/W implementation of above exercise
M0 M1 M2 M3 GND
Run/Stop Forward/
Reverse
Speed 1 Speed 2

28. 7. Multi-step Speed (Timer)
Parameter Function value
0-02 Reset 10
1-00 Max. operational frequency 50
1-01 Max. setting frequency 50
1-09 Acc time As per requirement
1-10 Dec time As per requirement
2-01 Source of Operation 0
4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3) 16 Run PLC Program
5-00 1st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz
5-03 PLC Mode 2 Continuously execute program cycles
5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0 to d 65500 sec
5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0 to d 65500 sec
5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0 to d 65500 sec
5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0 to d 65500 sec

29. PLC Mode 2
Continuously execute program cycles

30. One important parameter 5-04
 This parameter controls the direction of motion for the Multi-Step
Speed Pr.5-00 to Pr.5-02 and the Master Frequency. The original
direction of Master Frequency will become invalid.
 The equivalent 4-bit number is used to program the
forward/reverse motion for each of the 4 speed steps (including
Master Frequency). The binary notation for the 4-bit number must
be translated into decimal notation and then be entered.

31. Figure : Shows ,how to use 5-04 Pr.

32. 8. Interfacing VFD with Delta PLC
M0 M1 M2 M3 GND
IN OUT
COMCOM
IN 0
IN 1
IN 2
IN 3
OUT 0
OUT 1
OUT 2
OUT 3
PLC VFD input terminals GND should be of VFD

33. Project (PLC & VFD)
 Problem Statement : Start a Conveyer with VFD . When limit switch 1 or
limit switch 2 is pressed the conveyer should change its direction . And
when sensor sense any object , speed of conveyer should decrease .
 Values : Normal frequency 30 Hz
Second frequency 10 Hz

34. Design
Limit switches
Inductive
Proximity Sensor
Object
Conveyer

35. References
 http://www.delta.com.tw/product/em/.../manual/VFD-L_M_EN_20020531.pdf
 http://www.slideshare.net/geterrdone/variable-frequency-drives