Polygon clipping algorithms can yield multiple polygons when clipping non-convex polygons, but clipping a convex polygon yields at most one other polygon. Tessellation replaces non-convex polygons with triangular polygons. Clipping can be done independently for each side of the window using a pipeline approach. Bounding boxes can determine if detailed clipping is needed. The painter's algorithm and depth sorting are common hidden surface removal techniques. The z-buffer algorithm compares depth values to determine visibility at each pixel. Binary space partitioning trees can partition space hierarchically for visibility and occlusion testing.
DSD-INT 2017 Geomodelling in iMOD using Voxels - VermeulenDeltares
Presentation by Peter Vermeulen (Deltares) at the iMOD International User Day, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Tuesday, 31 October 2017, Delft.
4-CONNECTED AND 8-CONNECTED NEIGHBOR SELECTION By Sintiak HaqueSintiak haque
Boundary fill algorithm is used frequently in computer graphics to fill a desired color inside a closed polygon having the same boundary color for all of its sides.Boundary Fill Algorithm starts at a pixel inside the polygon to be filled and paints the interior proceeding outwards towards the boundary. This algorithm works only if the color with which the region has to be filled and the color of the boundary of the region are different.
DSD-INT 2017 Geomodelling in iMOD using Voxels - VermeulenDeltares
Presentation by Peter Vermeulen (Deltares) at the iMOD International User Day, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Tuesday, 31 October 2017, Delft.
4-CONNECTED AND 8-CONNECTED NEIGHBOR SELECTION By Sintiak HaqueSintiak haque
Boundary fill algorithm is used frequently in computer graphics to fill a desired color inside a closed polygon having the same boundary color for all of its sides.Boundary Fill Algorithm starts at a pixel inside the polygon to be filled and paints the interior proceeding outwards towards the boundary. This algorithm works only if the color with which the region has to be filled and the color of the boundary of the region are different.
The Rendering Pipeline is the sequence of steps that OpenGL takes when rendering objects. This overview will provide a high-level description of the steps in the pipeline
Machine vision technique to avoid alignment failure in space launch vehicleSuseetharan Vijayakumaran
Machine vision inspection technique is a new technique based on computer vision theories and provides a better way for inspecting the launch vehicle and its strapon misalignment to avoid failure. Compared with the traditional inspection techniques, the machine vision inspection technique has the
advantage of non-contact, rapid, fast on-line acquisition time, good flexibility and enhanced accuracy, etc. It will meet the requirement of modern space launch vehicle launching developments. The image of launch vehicle is captured using a camera and stored as a jpeg image. Then the stored image is analyzed for the orientation, angle and alignment of the Space Launch Vehicle along with its strapons.
The Rendering Pipeline is the sequence of steps that OpenGL takes when rendering objects. This overview will provide a high-level description of the steps in the pipeline
Machine vision technique to avoid alignment failure in space launch vehicleSuseetharan Vijayakumaran
Machine vision inspection technique is a new technique based on computer vision theories and provides a better way for inspecting the launch vehicle and its strapon misalignment to avoid failure. Compared with the traditional inspection techniques, the machine vision inspection technique has the
advantage of non-contact, rapid, fast on-line acquisition time, good flexibility and enhanced accuracy, etc. It will meet the requirement of modern space launch vehicle launching developments. The image of launch vehicle is captured using a camera and stored as a jpeg image. Then the stored image is analyzed for the orientation, angle and alignment of the Space Launch Vehicle along with its strapons.
An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the resources of a computer system and provides a platform for running applications. Its primary functions include resource management, process management, memory management, file system management, and user interface. There are many different types of operating systems, such as desktop operating systems like Windows and macOS, server operating systems like Linux and Windows Server, and embedded operating systems like those used in mobile phones and other small devices. The choice of operating system depends on the type of device, the intended use, and other factors.
What is a Database?
Database creation steps
Benefits of using Database
Types of Table Relationships
What is a Database model
Database Management System
Users of Database
MS Access
Program, Language, & Programming Language
Object Oriented Programming vs Procedure Oriented Programming
About C
Why still Learn C?
Basic Terms
C Stuff
C Syntax
C Program
Algorithm
What is an algorithm?
How are mathematical statements and algorithms related?
What do algorithms have to do with computers?
Pseudo Code
What is pseudocode?
Writing pseudocode
Pseudo Code vs Algorithm
Components of Data Communication
Characteristics of Data Transmission
Communication Media
Communication Speed
Communication Hardware
Communication Software
OSI Model
Introduction
Syed Zaid Irshad
Rules (that You have to Follow)
Book Introduction
10 Chapters
Theoretical Chapters are 6
Practical Chapters are 4
Chapter 1: Basic Concept of Information Technology
Introduction of Computer
Definition
Characteristics
Parts of Computer
Input
Output
Memory
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Ports
Language Translator
Compiler
Interpreter
Generations of Programming Language
Ages of Computers
Generations of Computer
Classification of Computers
Chapter 2: Information Networks
Types of Network
LAN
WAN
MAN
GAN
Topologies
Star
Ring
Bus
Hybrid
File Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web
Chapter 3: Data Communication
Standards
Transmission
Simples
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Media
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Microwave Transmission
Satellite Transmission
Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model)
Chapter 4: Applications and Use of Computers
Difference Between Application and Use
Impacts of Computers
Chapter 5: Computer Architecture
Address of Memory Locations
Instruction Format
Fetch and Execute
Chapter 6: Security, Copyright and The Law
Computer Crime
Computer Viruses
Computer Privacy
Software Piracy and Law
Chapter 7: Operating System
User Interface
Graphical User Interface
Operating Systems
Chapter 8: Word Processing
Introduction to MS Word
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Chapter 9: Spreadsheet
Introduction to MS Excel
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Formulae
Project
Chapter 10: Internet Browsing and Using E-mail
Create Email ID
Send Mail
Download File
Upload File
Study Plan
Every Tuesday we perform Practical
Every Friday Half of the Lecture will be used as question answer session
Rest of the days are for Theoretical Stuff
Make WhatsApp Group for class where we can share stuff related to the Subject
1st Year Computer Science Book
Sindh Text Book Board Introduction
Introduction
Syed Zaid Irshad
Rules (that You have to Follow)
Book Introduction
10 Chapters
Theoretical Chapters are 6
Practical Chapters are 4
Chapter 1: Basic Concept of Information Technology
Introduction of Computer
Definition
Characteristics
Parts of Computer
Input
Output
Memory
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Ports
Language Translator
Compiler
Interpreter
Generations of Programming Language
Ages of Computers
Generations of Computer
Classification of Computers
Chapter 2: Information Networks
Types of Network
LAN
WAN
MAN
GAN
Topologies
Star
Ring
Bus
Hybrid
File Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web
Chapter 3: Data Communication
Standards
Transmission
Simples
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Media
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Microwave Transmission
Satellite Transmission
Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model)
Chapter 4: Applications and Use of Computers
Difference Between Application and Use
Impacts of Computers
Chapter 5: Computer Architecture
Address of Memory Locations
Instruction Format
Fetch and Execute
Chapter 6: Security, Copyright and The Law
Computer Crime
Computer Viruses
Computer Privacy
Software Piracy and Law
Chapter 7: Operating System
User Interface
Graphical User Interface
Operating Systems
Chapter 8: Word Processing
Introduction to MS Word
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Chapter 9: Spreadsheet
Introduction to MS Excel
Creating
Editing
Formatting
Printing
Formulae
Project
Chapter 10: Internet Browsing and Using E-mail
Create Email ID
Send Mail
Download File
Upload File
Study Plan
Every Tuesday we perform Practical
Every Friday Half of the Lecture will be used as question answer session
Rest of the days are for Theoretical Stuff
Make WhatsApp Group for class where we can share stuff related to the Subject
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
3. Polygon Clipping
• Not as simple as line segment clipping
• Clipping a line segment yields at most one line segment
• Clipping a polygon can yield multiple polygons
• However, clipping a convex polygon can yield at most one other
polygon
3
4. Tessellation and Convexity
•One strategy is to replace nonconvex (concave)
polygons with a set of triangular polygons (a
tessellation)
•Also makes fill easier
•Tessellation code in GLU library
4
5. Clipping as a Black Box
• Can consider line segment clipping as a process that takes in two
vertices and produces either no vertices or the vertices of a clipped
line segment
5
6. Pipeline Clipping of Line Segments
• Clipping against each side of window is independent of other sides
• Can use four independent clippers in a pipeline
6
7. Pipeline Clipping of Polygons
•Three dimensions: add front and back clippers
•Strategy used in SGI Geometry Engine
•Small increase in latency
7
8. Bounding Boxes
•Rather than doing clipping on a complex polygon, we
can use an axis-aligned bounding box or extent
• Smallest rectangle aligned with axes that encloses the polygon
• Simple to compute: max and min of x and y
8
9. Bounding boxes
Can usually determine accept/reject based only on bounding box
9
reject
accept
requires detailed
clipping
10. Clipping and Visibility
• Clipping has much in common with hidden-surface removal
• In both cases, we are trying to remove objects that are not visible to
the camera
• Often we can use visibility or occlusion testing early in the process to
eliminate as many polygons as possible before going through the
entire pipeline
10
11. Hidden Surface Removal
• Object-space approach: use pairwise testing between polygons
(objects)
• Worst case complexity O(n2
) for n polygons
11
partially obscuring can draw independently
12. Painter’s Algorithm
• Render polygons a back to front order so that polygons behind
others are simply painted over
12
B behind A as seen by viewer Fill B then A
13. Depth Sort
• Requires ordering of polygons first
• O(n log n) calculation for ordering
• Not every polygon is either in front or behind all other polygons
•Order polygons and deal with
easy cases first, harder later
13
Polygons sorted by
distance from COP
14. Easy Cases
• A lies behind all other polygons
• Can render
• Polygons overlap in z but not in either x or y
• Can render independently
14
15. Hard Cases
15
Overlap in all directions
but can one is fully on
one side of the other
cyclic overlap
penetration
16. Back-Face Removal (Culling)
θ
16
•face is visible iff 90 ≥ θ ≥ -90
equivalently cos θ ≥ 0
or v • n ≥ 0
•plane of face has form ax + by +cz +d =0
but after normalization n = ( 0 0 1 0)T
•need only test the sign of c
•In OpenGL we can simply enable culling
but may not work correctly if we have nonconvex objects
17. Image Space Approach
• Look at each projector (nm for an n x m frame buffer) and find
closest of k polygons
• Complexity O(nmk)
• Ray tracing
• z-buffer
17
18. z-Buffer Algorithm
•Use a buffer called the z or depth buffer to store the
depth of the closest object at each pixel found so far
•As we render each polygon, compare the depth of
each pixel to depth in z buffer
•If less, place shade of pixel in color buffer and update
z buffer
18
19. Efficiency
• If we work scan line by scan line as we move across a scan line, the
depth changes satisfy a∆x+b∆y+c∆z=0
19
Along scan line
∆y = 0
∆z = - ∆x
c
a
In screen space ∆x = 1
20. Scan-Line Algorithm
• Can combine shading and hsr through scan line algorithm
20
scan line i: no need for depth
information, can only be in no
or one polygon
scan line j: need depth
information only when in
more than one polygon
21. Implementation
• Need a data structure to store
• Flag for each polygon (inside/outside)
• Incremental structure for scan lines that stores which edges are encountered
• Parameters for planes
21
22. Visibility Testing
• In many realtime applications, such as games, we want to eliminate
as many objects as possible within the application
• Reduce burden on pipeline
• Reduce traffic on bus
• Partition space with Binary Spatial Partition (BSP) Tree
22
24. BSP Tree
• Can continue recursively
• Plane of C separates B from A
• Plane of D separates E and F
• Can put this information in a BSP tree
• Use for visibility and occlusion testing
24