4-CONNECTED AND 8-CONNECTED NEIGHBOR SELECTION By Sintiak Haque
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Boundary fill algorithm is used frequently in computer graphics to fill a desired color inside a closed polygon having the same boundary color for all of its sides.Boundary Fill Algorithm starts at a pixel inside the polygon to be filled and paints the interior proceeding outwards towards the boundary. This algorithm works only if the color with which the region has to be filled and the color of the boundary of the region are different.
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Anti-aliasing is a technique used to reduce aliasing, which makes curved or slanted lines appear jagged when displayed on a lower resolution output device like a monitor. Aliasing occurs because the device lacks enough resolution to smoothly represent curved lines. Anti-aliasing works by adding subtle color changes around lines, which causes jagged edges to blur together when viewed from a distance. There are several anti-aliasing techniques, including increasing the display resolution, area sampling to shade pixels based on the area covered by thickened lines, and post-filtering by generating a higher resolution virtual image and averaging it down.
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Polygons - Computer Graphics - Notes
Polygon is a figure having many slides. It may be represented as a number of line segments end to end to form a closed figure.
The line segments which form the boundary of the polygon are called edges or slides of the polygon.
The end of the side is called the polygon vertices.
Triangle is the most simple form of polygon having three side and three vertices.
The polygon may be of any shape.
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Polygons - Computer Graphics - Notes
Polygon is a figure having many slides. It may be represented as a number of line segments end to end to form a closed figure.
The line segments which form the boundary of the polygon are called edges or slides of the polygon.
The end of the side is called the polygon vertices.
Triangle is the most simple form of polygon having three side and three vertices.
The polygon may be of any shape.
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Seed filling algorithm
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The sutherland hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm
The document discusses the Sutherland Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm. It is used to clip a polygon by specifying a clipping window. The algorithm clips the vertices of the polygon against each edge of the clipping window by finding intersection points. If an edge is not completely inside the clipping window, the portion outside is clipped off. An example is provided to demonstrate clipping a polygon ABCDE against a clipping window PQRS.
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
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4-CONNECTED AND 8-CONNECTED NEIGHBOR SELECTION By Sintiak Haque
- 1. 4-CONNECTED AND 8-CONNECTED NEIGHBOR SELECTION Submitted By Sintiak Haque Dept. Of CSE, Varendra University
- 2. INTRODUCTION • In seed fill algorithm, it has two approaches. Boundary fill algorithm is one of them. • Boundary fill algorithm is used frequently in computer graphics to fill a desired color inside a closed polygon having the same boundary color for all of its sides. • This filling can be done by two techniques- 4-connected pixels 8-connected pixels 2
- 3. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM First of all take a seed pixel (x, y) inside the polygon. Find the neighboring pixels until boundary is reached. Seed (x, y) 3
- 4. 4 - CONNECTED In this approach, above, left, right, below pixels are connected. Areas filled by this method are called 4-connected neighboring points. (x, y+1) (x, y-1) Seed (x, y) (x-1, y) (x+1, y) 4
- 5. 8 - CONNECTED The pixel on the right, left, above, below and the 4 diagonal pixels. Areas filled by this method are called 8-connected. (x, y+1) (x+1, y+1) (x+1, y) (x+1, y-1) (x, y-1) (x-1, y-1) Seed (x, y) (x-1, y+1) (x-1, y) 5
- 6. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) Start Position 6
- 7. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 2 3 3 2 1 7
- 8. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 4 2 4 2 1 8
- 9. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 2 2 1 9
- 10. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 5 1 5 1 10
- 11. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 1 11
- 12. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 4-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) But here some problem arise in 4-connected pixels technique, as shown where we tried to fill the entire region. Here, the image is filled only partially. In such cases, 4-connected pixels technique cannot be used. 12
- 13. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) Start Position 13
- 14. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 4 1 5 2 3 5 4 3 2 1 14
- 15. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 6 4 1 2 3 6 4 3 2 1 15
- 16. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 7 8 4 1 2 3 8 7 4 3 2 1 16
- 17. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 11 9 12 7 10 4 1 2 3 12 11 10 9 7 4 3 2 1 17
- 18. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 11 9 7 10 4 1 2 3 11 10 9 7 4 3 2 1 18
- 19. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 9 7 10 4 1 2 3 10 9 7 4 3 2 1 19
- 20. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 9 7 4 1 2 3 9 7 4 3 2 1 20
- 21. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 7 4 1 2 3 7 4 3 2 1 21
- 22. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 4 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 22
- 23. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 2 3 3 2 1 23
- 24. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 2 2 1 24
- 25. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) 1 1 25
- 26. BOUNDARY FILL ALGORITHM 8-CONNECTED (EXAMPLE) In 8-connected pixel technique it successfully to fill all the area. 26
- 27. THANK YOU...!