Impact of Pests on Stored Cereal Crops in Selected Market Sites of Axum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, International Journal of integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT), 5(4), 15-18.
The crop pests are animals that injure (killed) the cultivated plants. This study was aimed to assess the impact of stored cereal crops in two selected market sites of Axum town. A total of 64 respondents, were selected purposively and allowed to interview them using opened and closed ended questionnaires. This study showed that most (45.3%) of respondents found between 30-45 years old and least (7.8% of them found between 57-70 years old, within their sex females (43.7%) and males (56.3%) were participated in this study. The Merchants are losing their stored cereal crops mostly (51.6%) by both insects and Rodents in which they damage these crops but these Merchants are trying to control these pests by using mostly in modern (64%) and least (12.5%) of them by traditional methods. Generally those merchants should be preventing their stored cereal crops by controlling pests more properly using integrated pest management practices.
Participatory technology development farmers lead researchAshish Murai
Agricultural extension, as a discipline and a service, is the most frequent scapegoat when it comes to putting blame for poor adoption of latest technologies among farmers. Whereas, the researchers often fail to understand the compatibility of their technologies with respect to farmers’ situation, resources, social structure and other relevant factors. Therefore, the research should be farmer-driven and farmer-lead. Participatory technology development provides for farmers to lead the research process and result into farm appropriate technologies.
Mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements.
Participatory technology development farmers lead researchAshish Murai
Agricultural extension, as a discipline and a service, is the most frequent scapegoat when it comes to putting blame for poor adoption of latest technologies among farmers. Whereas, the researchers often fail to understand the compatibility of their technologies with respect to farmers’ situation, resources, social structure and other relevant factors. Therefore, the research should be farmer-driven and farmer-lead. Participatory technology development provides for farmers to lead the research process and result into farm appropriate technologies.
Mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements.
Invasive pest species have the potential to develop rapidly and spread in a new area to cause significant crop loss and can adversely affect food security. In India, a total of 25 species of invasive pests are recorded from 1889 to till date. Most of the invasive pests had an outbreak and destroyed the crops because they came into India without their natural enemies. Therefore, exploration should be made in the areas of origin of the pests or efforts should be made to search some effective natural enemies in the invaded area so that the pest population could be curtailed within Economic Threshold Level There is a need for interdisciplinary coordinated work among scientists, in identifying invaded organisms and in assessing their ecological problems, environmental concerns in different ecosystems, economic damage and sustainable management by prevention, eradication and control. Hence, it is necessary to know the recent invasive pests to protect the crops from economic loss.
There are so many jute and ornametal pests present in Our country.Here i just elavorate some serious pests including some serious pest name,their scientific name with figure.
The gene for gene hypothesis was actually proposed by Henry Harold Flor in the year 1945 while working with the host-pathogen interaction between of Linum usitatissimum and Melampsora lini inciting linseed/flax rust
By this hypothesis for each gene controlling resistance in the plants there is a corresponding gene controlling pathogenicity (avirulence) in the pathogen
The resistance of the host is governed by the dominant genes(D)
The virulence of the pathogen is governed by recessive genes(d)
The power point presentation includes information regarding various methods and concepts involved in fungi bacteria and virus with some suitable examples
Invasive pest species have the potential to develop rapidly and spread in a new area to cause significant crop loss and can adversely affect food security. In India, a total of 25 species of invasive pests are recorded from 1889 to till date. Most of the invasive pests had an outbreak and destroyed the crops because they came into India without their natural enemies. Therefore, exploration should be made in the areas of origin of the pests or efforts should be made to search some effective natural enemies in the invaded area so that the pest population could be curtailed within Economic Threshold Level There is a need for interdisciplinary coordinated work among scientists, in identifying invaded organisms and in assessing their ecological problems, environmental concerns in different ecosystems, economic damage and sustainable management by prevention, eradication and control. Hence, it is necessary to know the recent invasive pests to protect the crops from economic loss.
There are so many jute and ornametal pests present in Our country.Here i just elavorate some serious pests including some serious pest name,their scientific name with figure.
The gene for gene hypothesis was actually proposed by Henry Harold Flor in the year 1945 while working with the host-pathogen interaction between of Linum usitatissimum and Melampsora lini inciting linseed/flax rust
By this hypothesis for each gene controlling resistance in the plants there is a corresponding gene controlling pathogenicity (avirulence) in the pathogen
The resistance of the host is governed by the dominant genes(D)
The virulence of the pathogen is governed by recessive genes(d)
The power point presentation includes information regarding various methods and concepts involved in fungi bacteria and virus with some suitable examples
The Private Mobile Network GSM solution is an amalgamation of both hardware and software technologies that allow the deployment of a private and secure GSM.
Most of the junior research fellows, upcoming scientists may not be aware of - what is the impact factor, how it is calculated and how can we use the impact factor. Most of the people will think that impact factor is important in assessing the quality of a journal. Here one should keep in mind that impact factor of a journal is no way related to the main quality parameters like peer review, detection of plagiarism, citations of the articles published in a journal etc.. Though there are many review articles published on impact factor, again I have summarized those points just to educate our readers.
Electronic Switching of Single Silicon Atoms by Molecular Field Effectsioneec
We have observed on-off switching of scanning tunneling microscope current flow to silicon
adatoms of the Si(111)-(7 7) surface that are enclosed within a bistable dimeric corral of self-assembled
chlorododecane molecules. These thermally activated oscillations amounted to an order of magnitude
change in the current. Theory showed that small changes in molecular configuration could cause alterations
in the corralled adatom’s electronic energy by as much as 1 eV due to local field effects, accounting for the
observed current switching.
PreK Teachers' Use of Explicit Vocabulary Instruction [Infographic]B2KSolutions
We all know, children’s vocabulary acquisition is a key predictor of later school success and the amount of adult verbal input is a strong predictor of the rate of vocabulary growth in children. This infographic by Dr. Teresa Brown, describes the language behaviors of inclusive preschool teachers. Knowing the frequency and context of vocabulary instruction in classrooms serving children at risk for delays will lead to improved professional development and success for all children. Learn more on how you can help address the #wordgap at http://b2kcoach.com.
Similar to Impact of Pests on Stored Cereal Crops in Selected Market Sites of Axum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, International Journal of integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT), 5(4), 15-18.
The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the flower farming industries has been linked to negative environmental and social impacts. The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess social and environmental concerns of flower farms in Central Ethiopia using questionnaires, focus group discussion and field visits. This study revealed that 317 (52.75%) of respondents reported that flower farms have been disposing of their flower residue of in the open field. The findings of this study showed that 216(36%) of inhabitants buy or receive empty chemical bags and containers that had been disposed by the flower farms. Focus Group Discussion participants perceived the decrease in volume and quality of groundwater, a decrease in productivity, land degradation, and increased emerging diseases due to the existence of flower farms in the area.. In addition, they reported abuse of employee rights, displacement of farmers from fertile land, death of cattle and fish, loss of acceptance for their agricultural and fish products. In conclusion, this study revealed that there are a poor waste management and unsustainable activities by the flower farms. The government should closely monitor these farms and undergo a holistic study to quantify environmental and local inhabitant's opportunity costs of flower farming activity.
[1] ijrei vol 1, issue-2Community analysis of key pests associated with menth...editorijrei
An extensive survey was carried out during 2013 for the real situation in the crop to study the plant pathogenic fungus, bacteria and nematodes associated with Japanese Mint Mentha arvensis var piperascense growing fields. Soil and root samples were collected from 24 Mentha fields represents 15 different locations (villages) Akhtarpur, Tiwaripur, Shuklapur, Katia, Oripur, Ghuripur, Padariya and Dafara. Out of 120 soil samples, 16 soil samples were found infected with Fusarium oxysporum and 27 soil samples with Alternaria spp. 36 samples have the plant parasitic nematodes population. Results revealed that the maximum disease prevalence (DP) of Fusarium oxysporum was recorded at Shuklapur (27%), while the minimum disease prevalence was recorded at Ghuripur (3.4%). Alternaria spp. was more prevalent at Tiwaripur (42%) while root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) incidence was maximum at Katia (43%). The plant extracts were not so promising for inhibition of pathogenic fungi of Mentha crop.
Evaluation of rice genotypes for resistance to the stalk-eyed fly (Diopsis lo...Innspub Net
Globally, rice production is limited by abiotic and biotic factors. Of the insect pests attacking rice, the stalk-eyed fly is the most abundant. Major rice growing districts in Uganda are affected, and varieties grown by farmers are susceptible. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to stalk-eyed flies among improved rice genotypes in Uganda. Fifty genotypes from the Africa Rice Centre, IRRI, South Korea and the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Uganda were screened under cage and field conditions at NaCRRI. Trials were laid out in an alpha lattice design, with 3 replications, for both experiments. Natural infestation (D. longicornis or D. apicalis) was used in the field while cage trials utilized artificial infestation with D. longicornis. Data on deadhearts were collected from seedling to tillering stages, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Analyses of variance were performed using restricted maximum likelihood. Infestation levels for 31 (62%) rice genotypes were the same under both field and cage conditions, 4 (8%) genotypes showed higher susceptibility in the cage than in the field and 15 (30%) were more resistant in the cage than in the field. Genotypes NERICA 4, TXD306, NM7-22-11-B-P-1-1 and K85 were identified as the most resistant varieties. F3 genotypes (GSR IR1- 5-S14-S2-Y1 x K85, Gigante x NERICA4, NERICA4 x Gigante, NERICA1x NERICA4, NERICA4 x NERICA6, and NERICA4 x SUPA) were also found resistant. These genotypes were recommended for release and further advancement, respectively.
Evaluation of toxicity of five medicinal plant extracts on maize weevil, Sito...MdAbdulAhad26
The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology and
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology
University (HSTU), Dinajpur during May-December 2017 to evaluate the toxicity of five
medicinal plant extracts (water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, swamp smartweed Polygonum
coccineum, ariach Cassia tora, wild capsicum Croton bonplandianum and hill glory bower
Clerodendrum viscosum) against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.) on stored maize.
The wild capsicum extract provided the highest average mortality (93.33 ± 3.33), following
the hill glory bower (86.67 ± 3.33) and swamp smartweed (86.67 ± 3.33) at 3% concentration.
But it was zero in control. The average numbers of lowest numbers of adult emergence
among the five weed extracts were found in wild capsicum (3.00 ± 0.39) following Swamp
smartweed (5.11 ± 0.95) at 3% concentration; whereas, in control it was (54.00 ± 1.15).
The lowest percent of seed damage were found in wild capsicum (3.00 ± 0.38%) following
Swamp smartweed (4.22 ± 0.58). But in control, it was 44.00 ± 1.15. Repellency class of
different plant extracts at different concentration level varied between I to IV. But the hill
glory bower at 3.0% showed statistically best as it showed the highest repellency rate was
66.0 ± 5.31% and the group were IV. However, the toxicity order was wild capsicum >
swamp smartweed > hill glory bower > water hyacinth >, ariach.
Insect pest diversity of standing crops and traditional pest management in ag...AI Publications
The mountain farming communities of the Garhwal Himalaya rely on a conventional approach to agriculture to meet their subsistence needs. The resilience of local crop varieties plays a significant role in crop productivity in the indigenous agricultural system. In such circumstances, the protection of the crop from insect pests becomes paramount. Traditional ecological knowledge plays a crucial role in safeguarding standing crops from production losses in an environmentally benign and sustainable manner. The investigators in this study have surveyed the Mandakini valley to document the indigenous practices undertaken by the farming folks to protect the crops from pest infestation in the region. These practices are discoursed here and, further, look into the potential of natural predators as bio-control. The findings indicated that pests from the order Coleoptera had the most species, followed by Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Most of the pests in the study site were serious defoliators, damaging the young foliage of the crops. Some entirely fed upon their roots-stems, while the rest were leaf miners and sapsuckers, thus compromising the overall well-being of the plant. In a developing country like India, there is a lack of reliable data that sheds light on the annual crop losses incurred by these pests. Thus, it becomes pertinent to compute an overall estimate of crop losses at various stages of crop production, from seed storage to post-harvest times.
Types and Percentations of Parasitization Egg Parasitoids Spodoptera frugiper...AI Publications
Corn (Zea mays L) is the main commodity of agricultural crops in Indonesia. There are two groups of corn that are cultivated, namely ordinary corn (food corn) and sweet corn. Food corn is mainly used as a raw material for making food, which is used as a raw material for making animal feed raw materials and other industrial products. Easy cultivation, can grow in various conditions, stable selling prices and easy to market are the main driving force for high interest of the farming community to cultivate it. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae are polyphagous and attack many plant species. S. frugiperda larvae feed on more than 350 species of plants in 76 families. S. frugiperda is a typical migratory pest and this migratory behavior is an adjustment strategy to find a more profitable habitat. S. frugiperda is one of the most dangerous invasive pests due to its short life cycle. An adult female lays 900 – 1200 eggs in her life cycle. The purpose of the study was to inventory and analyze the egg parasitoid of S. frugiperda and the percentage of parasitization The analysis of the types of egg parasitoids of S. frugiperda was carried out through an inventory and identification process, while the percentage of parasitization was carried out using a randomized block design consisting of 5 treatment groups of eggs from 5 regions and three replications. The results of the inventory and identification contained two types of parasitoids, namely: Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. The highest percentage of total parasitization was from Manado City at 85% and the lowest was from Bolaang Mongondow at 5%. Telenomus sp. higher percentage of parasitization than Trichogramma sp. Parasitization percentage of Telenomus sp. on eggs of S. frugiperda the highest came from Manado by 63% and the lowest came from Tomohon by 3%, while the percentage of parasitization of Trichograma sp. The highest came from Manado at 22%, and the lowest came from Bolaang Mongondow Regency at zero percent. In conclusion, there are 2 types of egg parasitoids in S. frugiperda eggs, namely the parasitoid Telenomus sp and the parasitoid Trichogramma sp., the percentage of parasitization of Telenomus sp. on eggs of S. frugiperda the highest sample from Manado and the lowest sample from Tomohon. Percentage of parasitization of Trichograma sp. the highest sample of S. frugiperda eggs from Manado, and the lowest sample from Bolaang Mongondow.
Survey of diseases of major crops in Darolebu district, West Hararge, EthiopiaPremier Publishers
A survey was conducted in 2012 to assess diseases on major crops grown in Darolebu district, west Hararge zone. More than 15 sites and more than 20 crops were visited at research center and on farmers’ field. Eight diseases on sorghum, four on maize, and two on haricot bean, one on ground nut were recorded. The expected yield of cereal crops in this cropping season from the cultivated land is far below the national average. Some of the farmers responded that no improved technologies such as improved seeds, fertilizers, fungicides are available to increase their yield. From this study the major diseases on different crops are identified and there is a need to introduce improved crop production techniques with full package and practical integrated disease management program.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Abstract— A study was conducted to determine the population density of the Leaves diggers liriomyzasativae in the Plant Protection Department, college of Agriculture - University of Baghdad, for the period from 01/02/2015 to 15/05/2015.
The study results showed that the highest density of hoof liriomyzasativae 2.7 digger / Leave dated 05/08/2015 and the lowest was 0.3 hoof /leave dated 01/02/2015, and the results showed the presence of three peaks of the pest Nilai starting from 27/2 and ends 3/4. It notes the fluctuation of population density of the hoof between the rise and fall, which dates back to the environmental conditions and the enemies of vital accompaniment of the pest, and the results showed the presence of the enemy's vital Neochrysocharisformosa (Westwood) (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera).
Materi Kuliah Dasar-Dasar Perlindungan Tanaman
Fakultas Pertanian UGM
Similar to Impact of Pests on Stored Cereal Crops in Selected Market Sites of Axum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, International Journal of integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT), 5(4), 15-18. (20)
Cactus Pear, Cladodes (opuntia ficus –indica); as Forage for Livestock in
Arid and Semi-Arids of Ethiopia feeding under a changing climate-A
Review
Poor feed quality and lack of water are the major constraints for livestock production under arid and semiarid conditions. Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is an extremely drought tolerant, highly productive, multipurpose and succulent plant. It has incomparably high water and land use efficiency. In cactus pear producing regions of Ethiopia its fruits play life-saving role during rainy seasons while livestock depend mainly on its cladodes during dry seasons and drought years. The problem of feed shortage is more aggravated in arid and semi-arid areas where erratic nature of the rainfall hampers crop production. During the dry season, there is under nutrition and malnutrition of livestock. In this regard cactus pear is known to have great potentialThis review provides the effect of supplementation of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) and selected browse species mixture on feed, in order to give the basis of their use in water intake, digestibility and body weight. More studies on Opuntia ficus-indica could help better understand its nutritional health, combination with other feeds, fortification mechanism of action to provide clear scientific evidence to explain its traditional uses, and to identify its therapeutic potential in other diseases.
Mathematical modelling of Fish Resources Harvesting with Predator at Maximum Sustainable Yield
Kinfe Hailemariam Hntsaa, Zenebe Taka Mengesha (PhD)b*
aDepartment of Mathematics, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia, kinfhail@gmail.com
bDepartment of Biology, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia, zenebeteka2007@gmail.com
In this study, the population dynamic of fish is considered following Logistic model with the inclusion of harvesting. The prey-predator interaction is also considered with an assumption that the predator population which is completely theoretical and not physically defined has a little effect on the growth of prey population provided that there are no limiting factors other than the predators. This is to say that the prey-predator cycle remains stable as far as other factors are constant in the natural environment. The growth function of the predator population is constructed corresponding to the prey population, and its results showed that the predator population size is either convergent to a finite positive limit, zero or diverges to positive infinity; while the fish population size follows Logistic function and grows to an upper asymptote. Furthermore, the prey-predator interaction is considered with the assumption that the predator population has an effect on the growth of the prey population and the predator population has intra-specific competition for a limited environmental resource. Its result showed that the predator population size did not go to infinity without bound. In both cases the maximum sustainable yield is obtained, numerical simulation and stability analysis of the model are included.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school‐age children in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy with the Benzimidazole chemical family is one of the most effective strategies to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality. But now a day anthelmintic resistance in the treatment and control of human helminthes has been reported in different areas in Ethiopia. The objective of this study, therefore, is to assess the efficacy of albendazole (400 mg, manufactured by Khandeiwal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd) currently in use against soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children in many areas of Ethiopia. A total of 180 elementary school children were chosen using random sampling technique. Each student was instructed to submit fresh stool specimen. Formal ether concentration technique and Kato-Katz method were done at the study sites and Aksum University, laboratory of Department of Biology and Biotechnology. Among the total study children, 170 submitted fresh stool samples giving a response rate of 96.77%. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66.7 % (Adiet), 67.9% (Adwa) and 51.7% (Aksum). In all the study sites albendazole was effective against most soil-transmitted helminthes, with cure rate > 85%, and egg reduction rate >90%. However, it was less effective against Trichuris trichiura with cure rate 58.5% and 57.9% at Adiet and Adwa, respectively. Therefore, due attention should be given with regard to treating helminth positive individuals together with intense environmental sanitation to curb the burden of helminth infection and alternative chemotherapy against Trichuris trichiura should be supplied to the study areas.
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin ailments was conducted in Woreda Tahtay Adiyabo and Merebleke, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia between December 2013 and June 2014 to document the use, conservation and management of medicinal plants. To collect accurate information, 100 informants (80 men and 20 women, aged from 25-70) were selected purposively. Ethno botanical data were collected through semi structured interview and field observation and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and informant consensus factor. A total of 40 medicinal plants distributed across 27 families and 39 genera, which the informants confirmed that they are used to treat 12 human skin ailments. Woody plants comprised the largest number accounting for 26 species (65%). Leaves were the most frequently required plant parts (58 %) followed by seeds (12%). Remedies were mostly prepared from fresh plant materials, mostly from single plant species and crushing (48%) was the common method of preparation to make the remedy. The highest informant consensus was documented for Xanthium strumanium and Ziziphus spina-christi by 50(50%) informants to both for their medicinal value in treating Tinia capitis and Tinia corporis respectively. Drought and agricultural expansion are the major threats to medicinal plants. The local people of the two Woredas have used traditional botanical knowledge to treat skin ailments but the availability of plants is rare. Consequently, the traditional healers and the local people should be aware on how to use plants for various purposes and the traditional healers should grow some plants in their home gardens.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious weed of pastures, wasteland and agricultural fields in the world. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Parthenium hysterophorus extraction against cockroaches in Aksum University, Department of Biology laboratory, Tigray, Ethiopia. Parthenium hysterophorus containing its flower, root, stem, bark and leaf and cockroaches were collected from the campus. The parts of Parthenium hysterophorus were allowed to dry separately and made as a powder. Equal amount (3g) of powdered part of the plant were taken, distilled with 25ml of tap water with 10 ml of acetone then filtered using filter papers in to the funnels. Petri dishes were also prepared by dividing in to two equal halves having a gap between them then the extractions were dropped in one half of the Petri dishes and cockroaches were placed in the gap of the two halves then covered by a mosquito nets. The second half of the Petri dishes was used as control. Repellence capacities of all the extraction against cockroaches were observed. Extractions of Parthenium hysterophorus from Leaf + Flower followed by root + bark was found to be the most effective resulting in maximum effective mortality of cockroaches and the least was the extraction of all. Although the efficacy of the extractions of the different parts of Parthenium hystrophorus against cockroaches was assessed with their variations, it is recommended to evaluate its efficacy at different doses.
Hotels which purely operate with a commercial business purpose consider the customer is the king!’ And, if we believe this it is also important to know how to make them happy. Recent days customers expect lot of good services more than their expectations Hence, it is mandatory that employees approach and interaction with the guests play a predominant role in the satisfaction and retention of them. The study focused on identifying the customers’ perception towards the laundry and bar services that are provided by the leading star hotels in Salem city, Tamilnadu, South India from the 300 customers who had stayed in the said hotels. Descriptive research design with exploratory approach and non-scientific sampling method with purposive sampling technique was used in this study to get the actual perception of the customers. Concrete suggestions and measures to be implemented are suggested.
More from International Journal of Integrative sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT) - AGSI (8)
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Impact of Pests on Stored Cereal Crops in Selected Market Sites of Axum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, International Journal of integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT), 5(4), 15-18.
2. Hailemariam Areaya et al., ISSN 2278 - 1145
Int. J. Int Sci. Inn. Tech. Vol. V, Iss. 4 pg 15- 18. Page 16
conducting under field condition, either under research or farmer
management (Gray, 1964). Insects and other pests can also destroyed or
decrease the value of stored crops and other possession such as cloth,
books, paper and other tools. Since insects are adaptable form of life as
their total numbers exceed that of any other category. Several insects
are predators or other harmful pests and others are pollinators,
decomposers of organic matter or producer valuable products like
honey, milk less than 0.5% of total numbers of known insect’s species
are considered as pests. Therefore these pests are controlled by
different methods such as Biological, Physical, and Chemical methods
(Baessler and Klotz, 2006).
Pests are one of the indicators of health environment and affect the
economic development of society, due to lack of knowledge to control
and prevent these pests. Although insects play a crucial role in their
ecological, social and economic values, they also act as pests which can
affect the cereal crops to reduce the economic and health of the
environment. Therefore the food production source of urban societies
depend on the cereal crop can reduce due to the impact of pest at large.
Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the impact of pests on stored
cereal crops in selected market sites of Axum town
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of the Study Area
This study was conducted in Axum town of two selected market sites
of cereal crop stores. This town is the ancient of historian place which
is situated in central administrative zone of Tigray regional national
state in the Northern tip of the Ethiopian plateau at 140
07’N latitude
and 380
44’
E longitude of 2100m above sea level. Geographically
Aksum is located west of Adwa and East of Wukro Maray, at 1041km
distance from Addis Ababa. Regarding to the climatic condition it is
conducive for all activities which is “Weynadega” with mean annual
temperature ranges between 9.30
c and 29.80
c whereas the mean annual
rainfall ranges between 85.8ml and 428ml. The total population growth
of Aksum town in 2012/2004 E.C was 56,576 of these population
30,293 were female and 26,283 were males (Gebreanenya Gebru,
2011).
2.2 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
Sixty four (64) respondents were selected purposively and provide
them to interview using questionnaires containing open and closed
ended questions about the impact of pests on stored cereal crops in
selected market sites of Axum town.
2.3 Data Collection Methods
All the information regarding to the impact of pests on the stored cereal
crops were collected using questionnaires. The prepared questionnaires
were exposed to the merchants, so as, to interview them one respondent
at a time using a local language.
2.4 Data Analysis
Upon the completion of the data collection using questionnaires, tables
that contain numbers and percentages were used to represent the data
followed by descriptive explanations of each.
3. Results and Discussion
The collected data of the study described by the following two tables
that contains the background information of the informants (Table 1)
and the response of the questionnaires related to the title of the
study (Table 2) respectively.
A total of sixty four (64) merchants were taken from two selected
market sites (37 merchants from site one and the rest 27 are selected
from the second site) as respondents for this study, and considering
their numbers in sex, males (36) and females (28). The majority of the
respondents were males in terms of sex. About 45.3% of merchants
were found in the age range from 30-45 years old and the least numbers
of them are found between 57-70 years old. Comparing with
educational status 22(34.4%) informants were illiterates and few of
them namely one individual and two individuals were University and
college graduated individuals respectively. Most of the respondents
were married but only 14.06% are single (Table 1).
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Int. J. Int Sci. Inn. Tech. Vol. V, Iss. 4 pg 15- 18. Page 17
Most of the merchants were experienced this job for the time duration
above 3 years (64%) and few of them were having experience of 1 and
2 years (9%). 50 (78.2%) respondents respond that, the cereal crops in
the storage were frequently affected by pests. Both rodents and Insects
(Weevils) were the most important pests in the study area having
51.6% in causing damage on cereal crops in the stores (Table 2).
There were also other pests (14%) affecting the cereal crop stored such
as birds and other factors like expired dates of crop using in the study
area. Most (28%) of the merchants loss their crops less than 5kg per
month and individuals which have equal number with this merchants
do not know how many crops were loosed due to the impact of pests on
their stored cereal crops. The most (75%) cereal crops in the store of
respondents do not equally affected by pests due to the nature of their
size small (Teff) which is difficult to rodents to crash and
uncomfortable for weevil to enter into the body of Teff to affect it.
Similarly Degussa was also difficult to be affected by rodents and
weevils because of its hard cover to crash and inject to enter in to the
body of seed. According to 25% of respondents estimated that all cereal
crops cannot be equally affected by pests. This may be due to the
variation of the cereal crops they have different thicknesses in their
cover such as Barley, maize and wheat are easily affected by pests.
These crops are most comfortable for rodent to crash and easy for
weevil to enter inside the body of seeds and takes place their life cycle.
More than 64% of responds were used modern techniques (poison
chemicals like DDT, cephonfamigant and traps) to control pests that
affect their cereal crops and very few (3%) of them applies both
modern and Traditional (arrangement techniques and tsebel based on
their believes) ways of pest control methods. 27 % of the merchants
were used some chemical (drugs) which affect insects nervous system
without more toxic to the crops and contain more ingredient than other
chemicals called cephonfamigant insecticides. The respondents indicate
that all those control methods vary in their killing ability of pests due to
their strength in their toxicity.
Other methods like traps used to control rodents were also practiced by
merchants of the selected market sites of the town. These methods were
practiced without adding any chemical which may affect the user of
crops and other organisms rather than foods to attract the rodents
towards the trap. Generally the modern methods easily destroy the
pests by using small chemical for many pests in a short period of time
but not easily available.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Pests are animals that affect or destroy cultivated plants. The result of
this study indicates pest affect stored cereal crops in the market sites of
Axum town that able to reduce the profit of the merchants. There is a
variation on the impact of pests on cereal crops i.e. some of the cereal
crops were highly affected by pests as compare to the other cereal
crops. Modern and traditional pest control methods were also greatly
practiced against pests in the study areas. The government has to help
the merchants in providing pesticides by medium cost and giving
comfortable place for crop storage. Further study and investigation in
4. Hailemariam Areaya et al., ISSN 2278 - 1145
Int. J. Int Sci. Inn. Tech. Vol. V, Iss. 4 pg 15- 18. Page 18
this study area by focusing on resistance of the pests that affect the
cereal crops should be exercised and Merchants should use nontoxic
chemicals so as to prevent themselves from damage.
Acknowledgments
First we thank for respondents who were actively participated in
responding the questionnaires accordingly. We also thank for those
who contribute their comments to strengthen this research article.
Finally we thank the Department of Biology, College of Natural and
Computational Sciences for helping us in printing and stationary
materials.
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