Cactus Pear, Cladodes (opuntia ficus –indica); as Forage for Livestock in
Arid and Semi-Arids of Ethiopia feeding under a changing climate-A
Review
Poor feed quality and lack of water are the major constraints for livestock production under arid and semiarid conditions. Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is an extremely drought tolerant, highly productive, multipurpose and succulent plant. It has incomparably high water and land use efficiency. In cactus pear producing regions of Ethiopia its fruits play life-saving role during rainy seasons while livestock depend mainly on its cladodes during dry seasons and drought years. The problem of feed shortage is more aggravated in arid and semi-arid areas where erratic nature of the rainfall hampers crop production. During the dry season, there is under nutrition and malnutrition of livestock. In this regard cactus pear is known to have great potentialThis review provides the effect of supplementation of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) and selected browse species mixture on feed, in order to give the basis of their use in water intake, digestibility and body weight. More studies on Opuntia ficus-indica could help better understand its nutritional health, combination with other feeds, fortification mechanism of action to provide clear scientific evidence to explain its traditional uses, and to identify its therapeutic potential in other diseases.
This document discusses the invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora and its impact on spate irrigation systems. It was introduced in many countries for purposes like soil stabilization but has become a major problem. P. juliflora invades farmland and blocks irrigation canals, reducing water flow. Country overviews describe its introduction and spread, negatively impacting agriculture in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Sudan. Efforts have been made to control it through removal and utilization, but it remains very difficult to eradicate once established.
This document provides an overview of ruminant nutrition for grazing operations. It discusses how cattle, sheep, and goats can convert non-digestible plant materials into nutrients for human use, making otherwise unusable land productive. Proper animal nutrition requires understanding variables like forage quality, climate conditions, and animal needs. The publication provides tools and references to help managers make decisions that ensure the ecological and economic sustainability of their grass-based livestock operations.
This document discusses mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), an evergreen leguminous tree found in arid and semi-arid regions. It grows up to 10-15 meters high and its protein-rich pods are used as fodder, especially during dry periods. The tree fixes nitrogen, provides shade and shelter, and is used for windbreaks. It is well-adapted to harsh conditions like saline soil and drought. The pods are an important source of forage for livestock. Higher inclusion rates of pods in animal feed can cause toxicity issues. The foliage is generally unpalatable but may be eaten during drought.
Evaluating the Response Of Maize (Zea Mays L.), Varieties To Plant Population...paperpublications3
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2011 small rainy season (Belg) at Elefeta Farmer Training Center (FTC), in west Badewacho Woreda, Hadiya Zone, with the objectives to determine the optimum proportion of maize-haricot bean intercropping for maximum productivity and economic benefit; evaluate the performance of different maize varieties intercropped with haricot bean; identify the optimum haricot bean population density of intercropped with different maize varieties; and Estimate economic benefits of maize haricot bean intercropping. Three varieties of maize (PHB3253 Jabi, PHB30G19 Shone and Local) were planted intercropped with four haricot bean population densities (D1 = 62,500; D2 = 125,000; D3 = 187500; D4 = 250,000) arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, sole cropped maize’s varieties gave significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)> with 100 % haricot bean population density is recommended for intercropping for their better compatibility and economic benefit with haricot bean as compared to other varieties and population densities in the study area.
A Brief Overview of Nutrient Cycling in PasturesElisaMendelsohn
Nutrients cycle through pasture systems via soil organisms, pasture plants, and grazing livestock. Soil organisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and earthworms break down organic matter and make nutrients available to plants. Pasture plants uptake nutrients and later cycle them through plant residues and excretions. Grazing livestock consume forages and cycle nutrients through manure and urine, returning them to the pasture. Proper management can enhance these nutrient cycles to increase soil health, productivity, and reduce input costs.
This document summarizes a student's research on the effects of goat manure on the growth and yield of corn in Liberia. The student aims to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree. The introduction provides background on corn as a major crop in Liberia and how organic or inorganic fertilizers influence yield. The specific objectives are to determine the rate of goat manure application and its effects on vegetative growth and yield. The significance is that the research will provide farmers guidance on fertilizer use to improve yields. The methodology, results and conclusion will be discussed in subsequent chapters.
This document discusses the invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora and its impact on spate irrigation systems. It was introduced in many countries for purposes like soil stabilization but has become a major problem. P. juliflora invades farmland and blocks irrigation canals, reducing water flow. Country overviews describe its introduction and spread, negatively impacting agriculture in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Sudan. Efforts have been made to control it through removal and utilization, but it remains very difficult to eradicate once established.
This document provides an overview of ruminant nutrition for grazing operations. It discusses how cattle, sheep, and goats can convert non-digestible plant materials into nutrients for human use, making otherwise unusable land productive. Proper animal nutrition requires understanding variables like forage quality, climate conditions, and animal needs. The publication provides tools and references to help managers make decisions that ensure the ecological and economic sustainability of their grass-based livestock operations.
This document discusses mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), an evergreen leguminous tree found in arid and semi-arid regions. It grows up to 10-15 meters high and its protein-rich pods are used as fodder, especially during dry periods. The tree fixes nitrogen, provides shade and shelter, and is used for windbreaks. It is well-adapted to harsh conditions like saline soil and drought. The pods are an important source of forage for livestock. Higher inclusion rates of pods in animal feed can cause toxicity issues. The foliage is generally unpalatable but may be eaten during drought.
Evaluating the Response Of Maize (Zea Mays L.), Varieties To Plant Population...paperpublications3
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2011 small rainy season (Belg) at Elefeta Farmer Training Center (FTC), in west Badewacho Woreda, Hadiya Zone, with the objectives to determine the optimum proportion of maize-haricot bean intercropping for maximum productivity and economic benefit; evaluate the performance of different maize varieties intercropped with haricot bean; identify the optimum haricot bean population density of intercropped with different maize varieties; and Estimate economic benefits of maize haricot bean intercropping. Three varieties of maize (PHB3253 Jabi, PHB30G19 Shone and Local) were planted intercropped with four haricot bean population densities (D1 = 62,500; D2 = 125,000; D3 = 187500; D4 = 250,000) arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, sole cropped maize’s varieties gave significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)> with 100 % haricot bean population density is recommended for intercropping for their better compatibility and economic benefit with haricot bean as compared to other varieties and population densities in the study area.
A Brief Overview of Nutrient Cycling in PasturesElisaMendelsohn
Nutrients cycle through pasture systems via soil organisms, pasture plants, and grazing livestock. Soil organisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and earthworms break down organic matter and make nutrients available to plants. Pasture plants uptake nutrients and later cycle them through plant residues and excretions. Grazing livestock consume forages and cycle nutrients through manure and urine, returning them to the pasture. Proper management can enhance these nutrient cycles to increase soil health, productivity, and reduce input costs.
This document summarizes a student's research on the effects of goat manure on the growth and yield of corn in Liberia. The student aims to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree. The introduction provides background on corn as a major crop in Liberia and how organic or inorganic fertilizers influence yield. The specific objectives are to determine the rate of goat manure application and its effects on vegetative growth and yield. The significance is that the research will provide farmers guidance on fertilizer use to improve yields. The methodology, results and conclusion will be discussed in subsequent chapters.
Wildlife can positively and negatively impact agriculture and food production. Positively, wild animals disperse seeds and pollinate plants. They also contribute fertilizer. Historically, agricultural practices created habitat for wildlife through odd areas, shelterbelts, and fields in rotation. Cultivated fields provided food for many species. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space to survive. The quality and arrangement of these factors determines what species an area can support.
Wildlife and forestryWild life protection act A Report by Allah Dad Khan Bur...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Wildlife can positively and negatively impact agriculture and food production. Positively, wild animals disperse seeds and pollinate plants. They also contribute fertilizer. Historically, agricultural practices created habitat for wildlife through odd areas, shelterbelts, and fields in rotation. Cultivated fields provided food for many species. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space to survive. The quality and arrangement of these factors determines what species an area can support.
Potential of-moringa-oleifera-as-livestock-fodder-cropSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Intercropping Principles and Production PracticesElisaMendelsohn
Intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage nature's principle of diversity on their farms. The document discusses intercropping principles and concepts, including pursuing diversity through practices like enterprise diversification, crop rotation, and farmscaping. It also covers intercrop productivity and management considerations like spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates. Examples of different intercrop systems are provided, along with discussions of escalating diversity and stability as well as disease control benefits of intercropping.
This document discusses establishing community seed bank complexes in Africa to conserve crop diversity and secure local seed supply systems. It proposes a model of community seed bank complexes that includes on-farm conservation, community seed banks, and seed production networks. This would build on traditional seed saving practices and community-managed genetic resources. The goal is to improve food security and provide locally-adapted seeds, especially under climate change conditions.
48 .wildlife and forestry A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Pro...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Wild animals can positively or negatively impact food production systems. Positively, they can disperse seeds and pollinate plants, helping spread fruit trees, as was seen with elephants in Cote d'Ivoire. Historically, agricultural practices created wildlife habitats in odd areas, shelterbelts, and rotated fields, providing food and shelter. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space arranged properly according to their species to survive.
Nutritional Management of Animals during disasterSarangVajpeyee1
1) Nutritional management of animals during disasters is important to prevent injury, pain, hunger, etc. in livestock, working animals, companion animals, and animals in shelters, zoos, laboratories, and veterinary clinics.
2) During disasters like floods and droughts, common challenges include loss of standing crops and stored feed, damage to stored roughage, and pollution of water sources. Feeding technologies like complete feed blocks, urea molasses blocks, urea treatment of straw, and use of fallen leaves and unconventional feeds can help address nutritional needs.
3) Proper planning through measures like establishing fodder banks, crop insurance schemes, promoting drought/flood resistant crops, and silage/
The effect of cement as lime on rosette disease and cercospora leaf spot on g...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that assessed the effect of applying cement as lime on rosette disease and cercospora leaf spot disease severity and their impact on groundnut yield. The study tested five rates of cement application (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 kg/ha) on 39 groundnut lines and found no significant influence on disease incidence or severity. However, some lines including ICGV 1954, ICGV 7445, and ICGV 10900 produced significantly higher yields and showed good resistance to the diseases. Therefore, the study concluded that cement cannot be used to control the diseases but farmers should plant resistant varieties for higher yields.
This document discusses monocropping and its impact on soil quality. It notes that monocropping involves planting a single crop in the same place each year, depleting nutrients from the soil. This forces farmers to use chemical fertilizers that further disrupt the soil's natural makeup. The document also discusses how monocropping reduces microbial diversity compared to crop rotation systems, and that soil microbes play an important role in maintaining soil quality and plant health. Overall, it presents arguments that monocropping is hard on the environment and less profitable than organic farming methods that incorporate crop rotation.
Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertili...Premier Publishers
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most important pulse crops grown in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management constrains the productivity of the crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of the crop to nitrogen (N) fertilizer at the research field of Nedjo ATVET College during the main cropping season of 2011. The treatments comprised four levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N ha-1) and three bean cultivars (Dimtu, Beshbesh and Local Washkate). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The result of the study revealed that the main effects of N had significant (P < 0.05) influence on days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and hundred seed weight. Nitrogen and cultivar interaction significantly influenced most of the agronomic traits. Increasing the rates of nitrogen from 0 to 69 kg N ha-1 delayed days to flowering and days to maturity. The highest grain yield (4.58 t ha-1) was recorded for the Beshbesh cultivar at the rate of 69 kg N ha-1 with the yield advantage of 75% over the local cultivar. Grain yield (r = 0.50) was positively and highly significantly correlated with hundred seed weight. Thus, it could be concluded that applying 69 kg N ha-1 and cultivating the Beshbesh and Dimtu cultivar resulted in the highest grain yield of the crop. If Beshbesh is not available Dimtu should be used.
This document is a project report submitted by Raghav Raman for their Entrepreneurship Development course. It discusses intercropping (growing multiple crops in proximity) and proposes establishing a sole proprietorship farm business called Double R Farm. The business would practice intercropping and sustainable agriculture. Intercropping improves resource utilization and reduces risks from pests and diseases. It also enhances soil fertility by including nitrogen-fixing crops. The report analyzes the feasibility and provides details about the business organization, mission, policies supporting agriculture startups, financial plan, and marketing strategy.
This study evaluated 12 vegetable pigeon pea cultivars across two locations in eastern Kenya to identify high-yielding cultivars under both rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Growth parameters such as days to flowering, plant height, branch numbers, and pod size were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for time to flowering and maturity. Plant growth and pod characteristics were generally enhanced with supplemental irrigation. Positive correlations between pod number and yield indicated pod number can be used as a predictor of yield potential. Several cultivars were identified as high-yielding under rain-fed conditions, and others performed best with supplemental water. The cultivars KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP
This document discusses concepts and principles of intercropping and mixed cropping systems. Intercropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land in a definite row pattern, while mixed cropping does not have a definite row arrangement. Principles for both systems include choosing crops with complementary growth habits and rooting depths to minimize competition. Relative yield total (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) are described as ways to measure yield advantages of intercropping systems, with values above 1 indicating intercropping is more efficient than sole cropping. Factors influencing the success of both systems are also discussed.
This document discusses insects as an alternative source of protein for food and feed. It notes that the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, putting pressure on food production. Insects are a nutritious and sustainable protein source that can help meet this need. They require less land and water than traditional meat sources like cattle. The document provides examples of commercial insect farms and discusses the protein content, consumption, and uses of various edible insect species around the world. It argues that insects can help address issues of hunger, poverty, and achieving UN development goals if adopted as a mainstream food and feed source.
This document discusses multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management. It begins by defining multiple cropping as growing two or more crops on the same field in one year. It then discusses different types of multiple cropping patterns such as intercropping, sequential cropping, and ratoon cropping. The objectives are to understand different multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management practices. Examples of crop yields and sequences are provided. Fertilizer recommendations are based on soil tests to determine adequate levels of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that influence crop growth.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS "
( फसलों के वर्गीकरण ) - Hindi
This presentation covers various points related to Classification of crops,agronomic classification, climatic crop classification,annual crops,biennial crops,perennial crops,fodder and forage crops,species and condiments crop,medicinal plants,south west monsoon crops,post monsoon crops,native crops,exotic crops,catch crops,paira or residual crops,trap crops,alley crops,irrigated crops,rainfed crops,tolerant crops,arable crops,direct seeded crops, Journey with Vijaykumar shrivastav,kharif,rabi, zaid
NatureVel - SW was formulated in technical collaboration with Biosa, Denmark to aid in composting. It consists of naturally occurring microorganisms that can compost organic biomass into compost within 30-40 days. Using NatureVel - SW results in faster composting with less turning and odor, enriched compost, and control of vectors and greenhouse gases. The document provides guidelines for making compost using the heap method or windrow method along with NatureVel - SW to optimize the composting process.
Este documento describe los libros contables principales y su clasificación. Explica que los libros pueden ser manuales o computarizados. Clasifica los libros en legales u obligatorios como el diario, mayor e inventarios, y auxiliares obligatorios o voluntarios. Detalla los propósitos y contenidos del libro diario, libro mayor y libro de inventarios.
Wildlife can positively and negatively impact agriculture and food production. Positively, wild animals disperse seeds and pollinate plants. They also contribute fertilizer. Historically, agricultural practices created habitat for wildlife through odd areas, shelterbelts, and fields in rotation. Cultivated fields provided food for many species. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space to survive. The quality and arrangement of these factors determines what species an area can support.
Wildlife and forestryWild life protection act A Report by Allah Dad Khan Bur...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Wildlife can positively and negatively impact agriculture and food production. Positively, wild animals disperse seeds and pollinate plants. They also contribute fertilizer. Historically, agricultural practices created habitat for wildlife through odd areas, shelterbelts, and fields in rotation. Cultivated fields provided food for many species. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space to survive. The quality and arrangement of these factors determines what species an area can support.
Potential of-moringa-oleifera-as-livestock-fodder-cropSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Intercropping Principles and Production PracticesElisaMendelsohn
Intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage nature's principle of diversity on their farms. The document discusses intercropping principles and concepts, including pursuing diversity through practices like enterprise diversification, crop rotation, and farmscaping. It also covers intercrop productivity and management considerations like spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates. Examples of different intercrop systems are provided, along with discussions of escalating diversity and stability as well as disease control benefits of intercropping.
This document discusses establishing community seed bank complexes in Africa to conserve crop diversity and secure local seed supply systems. It proposes a model of community seed bank complexes that includes on-farm conservation, community seed banks, and seed production networks. This would build on traditional seed saving practices and community-managed genetic resources. The goal is to improve food security and provide locally-adapted seeds, especially under climate change conditions.
48 .wildlife and forestry A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Pro...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Wild animals can positively or negatively impact food production systems. Positively, they can disperse seeds and pollinate plants, helping spread fruit trees, as was seen with elephants in Cote d'Ivoire. Historically, agricultural practices created wildlife habitats in odd areas, shelterbelts, and rotated fields, providing food and shelter. However, wildlife populations have declined in recent decades due to agricultural changes. All wildlife require food, cover, water, and space arranged properly according to their species to survive.
Nutritional Management of Animals during disasterSarangVajpeyee1
1) Nutritional management of animals during disasters is important to prevent injury, pain, hunger, etc. in livestock, working animals, companion animals, and animals in shelters, zoos, laboratories, and veterinary clinics.
2) During disasters like floods and droughts, common challenges include loss of standing crops and stored feed, damage to stored roughage, and pollution of water sources. Feeding technologies like complete feed blocks, urea molasses blocks, urea treatment of straw, and use of fallen leaves and unconventional feeds can help address nutritional needs.
3) Proper planning through measures like establishing fodder banks, crop insurance schemes, promoting drought/flood resistant crops, and silage/
The effect of cement as lime on rosette disease and cercospora leaf spot on g...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that assessed the effect of applying cement as lime on rosette disease and cercospora leaf spot disease severity and their impact on groundnut yield. The study tested five rates of cement application (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 kg/ha) on 39 groundnut lines and found no significant influence on disease incidence or severity. However, some lines including ICGV 1954, ICGV 7445, and ICGV 10900 produced significantly higher yields and showed good resistance to the diseases. Therefore, the study concluded that cement cannot be used to control the diseases but farmers should plant resistant varieties for higher yields.
This document discusses monocropping and its impact on soil quality. It notes that monocropping involves planting a single crop in the same place each year, depleting nutrients from the soil. This forces farmers to use chemical fertilizers that further disrupt the soil's natural makeup. The document also discusses how monocropping reduces microbial diversity compared to crop rotation systems, and that soil microbes play an important role in maintaining soil quality and plant health. Overall, it presents arguments that monocropping is hard on the environment and less profitable than organic farming methods that incorporate crop rotation.
Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertili...Premier Publishers
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most important pulse crops grown in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management constrains the productivity of the crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of the crop to nitrogen (N) fertilizer at the research field of Nedjo ATVET College during the main cropping season of 2011. The treatments comprised four levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N ha-1) and three bean cultivars (Dimtu, Beshbesh and Local Washkate). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The result of the study revealed that the main effects of N had significant (P < 0.05) influence on days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and hundred seed weight. Nitrogen and cultivar interaction significantly influenced most of the agronomic traits. Increasing the rates of nitrogen from 0 to 69 kg N ha-1 delayed days to flowering and days to maturity. The highest grain yield (4.58 t ha-1) was recorded for the Beshbesh cultivar at the rate of 69 kg N ha-1 with the yield advantage of 75% over the local cultivar. Grain yield (r = 0.50) was positively and highly significantly correlated with hundred seed weight. Thus, it could be concluded that applying 69 kg N ha-1 and cultivating the Beshbesh and Dimtu cultivar resulted in the highest grain yield of the crop. If Beshbesh is not available Dimtu should be used.
This document is a project report submitted by Raghav Raman for their Entrepreneurship Development course. It discusses intercropping (growing multiple crops in proximity) and proposes establishing a sole proprietorship farm business called Double R Farm. The business would practice intercropping and sustainable agriculture. Intercropping improves resource utilization and reduces risks from pests and diseases. It also enhances soil fertility by including nitrogen-fixing crops. The report analyzes the feasibility and provides details about the business organization, mission, policies supporting agriculture startups, financial plan, and marketing strategy.
This study evaluated 12 vegetable pigeon pea cultivars across two locations in eastern Kenya to identify high-yielding cultivars under both rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Growth parameters such as days to flowering, plant height, branch numbers, and pod size were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for time to flowering and maturity. Plant growth and pod characteristics were generally enhanced with supplemental irrigation. Positive correlations between pod number and yield indicated pod number can be used as a predictor of yield potential. Several cultivars were identified as high-yielding under rain-fed conditions, and others performed best with supplemental water. The cultivars KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP
This document discusses concepts and principles of intercropping and mixed cropping systems. Intercropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land in a definite row pattern, while mixed cropping does not have a definite row arrangement. Principles for both systems include choosing crops with complementary growth habits and rooting depths to minimize competition. Relative yield total (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) are described as ways to measure yield advantages of intercropping systems, with values above 1 indicating intercropping is more efficient than sole cropping. Factors influencing the success of both systems are also discussed.
This document discusses insects as an alternative source of protein for food and feed. It notes that the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, putting pressure on food production. Insects are a nutritious and sustainable protein source that can help meet this need. They require less land and water than traditional meat sources like cattle. The document provides examples of commercial insect farms and discusses the protein content, consumption, and uses of various edible insect species around the world. It argues that insects can help address issues of hunger, poverty, and achieving UN development goals if adopted as a mainstream food and feed source.
This document discusses multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management. It begins by defining multiple cropping as growing two or more crops on the same field in one year. It then discusses different types of multiple cropping patterns such as intercropping, sequential cropping, and ratoon cropping. The objectives are to understand different multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management practices. Examples of crop yields and sequences are provided. Fertilizer recommendations are based on soil tests to determine adequate levels of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that influence crop growth.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title "CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS "
( फसलों के वर्गीकरण ) - Hindi
This presentation covers various points related to Classification of crops,agronomic classification, climatic crop classification,annual crops,biennial crops,perennial crops,fodder and forage crops,species and condiments crop,medicinal plants,south west monsoon crops,post monsoon crops,native crops,exotic crops,catch crops,paira or residual crops,trap crops,alley crops,irrigated crops,rainfed crops,tolerant crops,arable crops,direct seeded crops, Journey with Vijaykumar shrivastav,kharif,rabi, zaid
NatureVel - SW was formulated in technical collaboration with Biosa, Denmark to aid in composting. It consists of naturally occurring microorganisms that can compost organic biomass into compost within 30-40 days. Using NatureVel - SW results in faster composting with less turning and odor, enriched compost, and control of vectors and greenhouse gases. The document provides guidelines for making compost using the heap method or windrow method along with NatureVel - SW to optimize the composting process.
Este documento describe los libros contables principales y su clasificación. Explica que los libros pueden ser manuales o computarizados. Clasifica los libros en legales u obligatorios como el diario, mayor e inventarios, y auxiliares obligatorios o voluntarios. Detalla los propósitos y contenidos del libro diario, libro mayor y libro de inventarios.
The document contains an 18 question multiple choice test about nursing student behaviors, time management strategies, and clinical skills. The questions cover topics like demonstrating caring values in patient care, effective study methods, advantages of group study, appropriate time management strategies, levels of cognitive thinking, priority actions before providing patient care, respecting patients, and developing effective time management skills.
The document discusses the effectiveness of repetition in advertising. It notes that repetition can increase beliefs for low-involvement products but not high-involvement ones. A lab experiment showed that repetition increased purchase intentions for low-involvement products through repeated 30-second TV commercials, though it did not affect high-involvement products. The document encourages applying this by considering repeating claims of benefits for your firm using varied wording.
The document discusses using emotional stories versus rational facts to change someone's opposing viewpoint. It provides 3 key points about using stories: 1) they convey powerful emotional images that aid recall, 2) they lead people to process the example rather than the argument, and 3) they do not directly attack beliefs. The document then provides the example of Jared Fogle's story in Subway advertisements and references a lab experiment that found stories were more effective at changing opinions on drinking alcohol compared to statistical evidence.
The document discusses and compares 5 different PDF editor software programs: Adobe Acrobat Pro, Foxit PDF Editor, Infix PDF Editor, PDFedit, and PDFescape. It provides information on their key features such as converting documents to PDF, editing PDF text and images, modifying page layouts, and more. The editors vary in their capabilities and platforms, with some being more full-featured than others.
Tässä esityksessä pohditaan hankintojen kilpailutuksien ongelmia ja vinkataan, kuinka järjestää kilpailutus taiten. Hyvänä esimerkkinä KuntaPron kilpailutus "Tablet laitteet pedagigisella tuella".
Tämä esitys esitettiin Verkkojakokemassa.fi -tapahtumassa 2015.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de vías biliares. Detalla los factores de riesgo, síntomas, pruebas de diagnóstico como ultrasonido, TAC, resonancia magnética y marcadores tumorales. Explica que no existe un tratamiento médico curativo y que la quimioterapia se usa para enfermedad avanzada o metastásica, mientras que la cirugía, radioterapia y quimiorradiación se recomiendan en algunos casos.
Git 201 - A Deeper Look at Git @ KCDC 2016Arthur Doler
You know how to use Git. You can pull a branch, commit your changes, and push it back to Github or Bitbucket. You can use SourceTree to automatically merge well enough, and you even know how to stash your changes.
But what if you want to take things to the next level? Maybe you've heard about the arcane magic known as rebasing, or maybe you (or a coworker) once did something really nasty to your repository and didn't have the first clue how to fix it. Maybe you watched someone use Git on the command line and you want to find out if they're actually a wizard or not. Maybe you just know there's more to Git than you're using, and you want a more detailed walk through the tool. If this describes you, come learn Git from the ground up with me! You'll learn the git command line, how Git represents your files, fun ways to reference various commits, what branches and tags really are, and best of all you'll finally learn how to rebase.
Human resource management covers three main aspects: the personnel aspect involving manpower planning and employee development activities, the welfare aspect focusing on working conditions and amenities for employees, and the industrial relations aspect dealing with legal issues like union management relations and dispute resolution procedures.
This document reviews the potential of Moringa oleifera L. as a livestock fodder crop. It discusses how M. oleifera is a drought tolerant species that can grow in diverse soils except those that are waterlogged. The document summarizes that M. oleifera has high nutritional value and good biomass production, which make it a potential nutritional supplement for livestock. It also notes that M. oleifera can be grown as a crop on marginal lands with high temperatures and low water availability, where other crops cannot be cultivated.
Review on Postharvest Handling Practices of Root and Tuber Crops.Premier Publishers
The root and tuber crops, including cassava, sweet potato, yams, and aroids, enjoy considerable importance as a vegetable, staple food, or raw material for small‐scale industries at a global level, particularly in the less developed tropical countries. The perishability and postharvest losses of root and tuber crops are the major constraints in the utilization of these crops. Several simple, low‐cost traditional methods are being followed by fanners in different parts of the world to store different root and tuber crops in the fresh state. An account of different storage practices and constraints is reviewed in this article. Some of these methods have been studied and evaluated by different research workers. Several modern techniques, including refrigerated cold storage, freezing, chemical treatments, wax coating, and irradiation, for storing fresh tropical tubers are also reviewed. The pre‐ and postharvest factors to be considered for postharvest storage of different root and tuber crops are incorporated into the review.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different rates and frequencies of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on enset (false banana) production in Areka, Ethiopia. The study found that applying 138 kg of N and 20 kg of P per hectare twice per year significantly increased various measures of enset production like pseudostem height and circumference, leaf sheath number, corm and bula (dehydrated juice) weight, and kocho (fermented product) yield. It also decreased maturity time, allowing the crop to mature 3 years earlier than the typical 5 years without fertilizer. The study concludes that applying higher rates of N and P fertilizers more than
Productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) as Influence by NPK F...AI Publications
The aim of this research work was to evaluate the effect of different levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 40, 80 kg ha-1) and poultry manure (0, 4, 8 tons’ ha-1) on the productivity of okra plant. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. From the result of the experiment, it was shown that there was significant difference in days to 50% flowering by application 0-ton ha-1 of both NPK and poultry manure. The application of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 showed significant difference among the treatments to fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit yield in kgha-1 and weight of fruit in kgha-1 at various weeks of data collection. The increase in the level of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer showed the significant effects on fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit yield ha-1, and weight of fruit in kgha-1. Some of the parameters were statistically at far by varied level of factors and time. Okra variety Clemson spineless significantly gave taller plants, longer fruits and fewer days to 50 % flowering. Both poultry manure and NPK fertilizer were found to be sufficient to increase the yield of okra plant.
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THE ROLE OF ORPHAN ROOT AND TUBER CROPS.pptxTahirNura
FAO defines roots and tubers as plants yielding starchy roots, tubers, rhizomes, corms and stems.
They are used for human food, animal feed and for manufacturing starch, alcohol and fermented beverages including beer.
They contain mainly carbohydrates (largely starches that account for 16-24 percent of their total weight).
Chemical composition of five selected forages and their acceptability by red ...Valentine Obiasogu
This document is a project submitted by Valentine Odinakachukwu Obiasogu to the Department of Animal Science at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Animal Science. The project examines the chemical composition of five selected forages and their acceptability by Red Sokoto goats. It includes an abstract, introduction, literature review on forages and goat management, methodology, results chapters, and references. The results showed differences in the chemical composition and acceptability of the various forages by the goats based on their crude protein, fiber, and preference testing.
Microwave assited synthesis of african arrowrootObinna Ofoegbu
This document summarizes research on modifying starch from the tuber of African arrowroot into a fat mimetic using monochloroacetic acid as a crosslinker. Key points include:
1) Starch was extracted from African arrowroot tubers harvested in Benue State, Nigeria.
2) The dried starch was characterized prior to being converted into a fat mimetic through chemical crosslinking with monochloroacetic acid.
3) The research aims to develop a high value fat replacer for use in the food and allied industries from this local starch source.
Evaluation of Improved Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) Varieties for Adaptation ...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out to evaluate and identify adapted improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (Fabaceae) varieties in southern tigray lowlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate three improved cowpea varieties for yield and yield related traits under rain-fed conditions at Mekoni Agricultural Research Center site and Kara Adisheho farmer’s field. Analysis of variance showed that all the traits measured were statistically significant at 5% level of probability except plant height. The earliest days to 90% maturity (79 days) were observed for the variety Kenkety, whereas the longest was recorded by bole variety (89.6 days). Similarly, Kenkety variety filled their seeds in a short period of time (25 days) compared to Assebot and Bole varieties (29; 32 days). The highest pooled mean grain yield was obtained from Kenkety variety (1958 kgha-1), while Assebot and Bole had the lowest yield of 1656 and 1481 kgha-1 respectively. When we see variety × location wise mean, still Kenkety variety outsmarts in both locations over the varieties and Kara Adisheho were suitable for cowpea production with (2128 kgha-1) grain yield. Taken as a whole, Kenkety variety over weights Assebot and Bole varieties especially for the two main traits of earliness and yield performance. Thus, Kenkety was promising variety for demonstration and scaling up activities in the agro ecology.
The response of haricot bean to phosphorus application on ultisols at areka, ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the response of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on Ultisols in Areka, Ethiopia. Seven levels of P (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha-1) were tested in a randomized complete block design. Key findings include:
1) P application significantly reduced time to physiological maturity but did not significantly affect other growth parameters.
2) Grain yield and total biomass increased significantly with P application up to 40 kg P ha-1, with maximum yields of 25.47 dt ha-1 and 45.97 dt ha-
11.the response of haricot bean to phosphorus application on ultisols at arek...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the response of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on Ultisols in Areka, Ethiopia. Seven levels of P (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha-1) were tested in a randomized complete block design. Key findings include:
1) P application significantly reduced time to physiological maturity but did not significantly affect other growth parameters.
2) Grain yield and total biomass increased significantly with P application up to 40 kg P ha-1, with maximum yields of 25.47 dt ha-1 and 45.97 dt ha-
Effect of meal from the leaves of Manihot esulenta and Tithonia diversifolia ...Innspub Net
The leaves of Manihot esculenta and Tithonia diversifolia are valuable protein and mineral supplement for local chickens. The evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of meals from the leaves of these plants in the diet of the local laying hen on growth and laying performances, and quality of eggs was investigated. Fourty five hens and nine cocks local breeds were weighed and randomly distributed to three dietary treatments: RWL, RML and RTL which contained no leaves (control/RWL), meals of M. esculenta (RML) and T. diversifolia (RTL) included in the same proportion (7%). Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. The hens were subjected to natural mating, eggs laid were collected according to breeding groups hatched and analyzed. Feed intake was comparable (p>0.05) between treatment groups as from the 4th week till the end of the experiment. Average daily gain and Laying rate evolved in a sawtooth-like manner regardless of the treatment considered. Hens fed RML recorded lowest (week 3) (p<0.05) and highest (weeks 6, 7, 12) (p<0.05) Feed conversion ratio. Hens in the control recorded higher (p<0.05) egg weight, egg shape index, width and laying rate but lowest (p<0.05) egg length. Fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality and chemical composition of eggs were similar (p>0.05) in all treatments. This study suggest that dried leaves of M. esculenta and T. diversifolia can be used as protein sources in local chicken feed during laying.
Effect of meal from the leaves of Manihot esulenta and Tithonia diversifolia ...Innspub Net
The leaves of Manihot esculenta and Tithonia diversifolia are valuable protein and mineral supplement for local chickens. The evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of meals from the leaves of these plants in the diet of the local laying hen on growth and laying performances, and quality of eggs was investigated. Fourty five hens and nine cocks local breeds were weighed and randomly distributed to three dietary treatments: RWL, RML and RTL which contained no leaves (control/RWL), meals of M. esculenta (RML) and T. diversifolia (RTL) included in the same proportion (7%). Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. The hens were subjected to natural mating, eggs laid were collected according to breeding groups hatched and analyzed. Feed intake was comparable (p>0.05) between treatment groups as from the 4th week till the end of the experiment. Average daily gain and Laying rate evolved in a sawtooth-like manner regardless of the treatment considered. Hens fed RML recorded lowest (week 3) (p<0.05) and highest (weeks 6, 7, 12) (p<0.05) Feed conversion ratio. Hens in the control recorded higher (p<0.05) egg weight, egg shape index, width and laying rate but lowest (p<0.05) egg length. Fertility, hatchability, embryo mortality and chemical composition of eggs were similar (p>0.05) in all treatments. This study suggest that dried leaves of M. esculenta and T. diversifolia can be used as protein sources in local chicken’s feed during laying.
Investigation of traditional veterinary phytomedicines used in deosai plateau...Shujaul Mulk Khan
In the present investigation, the traditional ethno veterinary knowledge is totally in the custody of elder members of the community. The young ones are unaware about such important practices. Previously no ethno veterinary study has been carried out from this study area. Therefore, present study has been designed to record the ethno botanical uses of indigenous plants Deosai Plateau, Pakistan. Total 59 people of different ages (38 Males and 21 females) were interviewed and information was collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed using Use Value (UVi) formula and Relative Citations Frequency (RFC ). The collected specimens were pressed, dried, preserved, mounted on Herbarium sheets and after confirmed identification were submitted in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan. The present findings revealed that thirteen medicinal plant species were recorded for their ethno veterinary uses. Belonging to nine families out of which 92% are herbs and 8% shrubs. Polygonaceae is the dominant family used in the treatment of different disease (23.07%) followed by lamiaceae and apiaceae. Majority of species were used in treatment of digestive disorder (9.4%), followed by diarrhea (7.5%), abdominal and dysentery (5.6%). Leaves and roots are the most frequently used parts in the treatment of various diseases (29%) each, followed by flower (18%). Medicinal plants most with used values were Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle (0.84), Rheum webbianum Royle (0.80) and Berberis orthobotrys Bien. ex Aitch. (0.76) while most relative citations frequency was of Rheum spiciforme Royle (0.35), Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle (0.27), Berberis orthobotrys Bien. ex Aitch. (0.27).
Feed resources and seasonal nutrient composition of predominant forages for s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes two studies on feed resources and seasonal nutrient composition of forages for small ruminant production in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria. Study I found that male respondents reared sheep while females reared goats. Animals grazed natural grasslands and were sometimes supplemented with kitchen wastes, cassava, and corn gluten. Study II analyzed predominant forages in wet and dry seasons and found grasses, legumes and shrubs present only in wet season. Browse plants were available year-round. Nutrient composition varied between seasons and forage types, with crude protein and ether extract generally lower in dry season. The document concludes farmers should improve housing, feeding, and provide dry
Response of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc).Trotter) to Organic and inorganic fert...AI Publications
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is a highly valued crop in the national diet of Ethiopians. It is major crops grown in Central highlands of Ethiopia under wide range of Agro ecological condition. Integrated nutrient management is the best approach to supply adequate and balanced nutrients to increase crop productivity in an efficient and environmentally benign manner, without sacrificing soil productivity of future generations. The objective of this review was to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers as well as their combination on growth, yield and yield components of tef. Applications of chemical fertilizers mainly Urea and DAP have been started some four decades ago to improve soil fertility for enhanced crop production. Untenable increases in the price of fertilizers coupled with their adverse effects on the soil and reduced recovery efficiency of fertilizers by crops are the bottlenecks that prohibit the indiscriminate use of this technology. On farm using of organic fertilizers is inadequate due to some parts of the country us it as source of energy. Though ISFM is the notably preferred option in replenishing soil fertility and enhancing productivity, it is not yet widely taken up by farmers due to access or availability of inputs, use of organic resources for other purposes in place of soil fertility, transporting and management of organic inputs and economic returns of investments. Therefore, research needs to conduct detailed study on the best combinations of inputs that can boost crop yield in different farming systems and soil types.
Evaluating the Response Of Maize (Zea Mays L.), Varieties To Plant Population...paperpublications3
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2011 small rainy season (Belg) at Elefeta Farmer Training Center (FTC), in west Badewacho Woreda, Hadiya Zone, with the objectives to determine the optimum proportion of maize-haricot bean intercropping for maximum productivity and economic benefit; evaluate the performance of different maize varieties intercropped with haricot bean; identify the optimum haricot bean population density of intercropped with different maize varieties; and Estimate economic benefits of maize haricot bean intercropping. Three varieties of maize (PHB3253 Jabi, PHB30G19 Shone and Local) were planted intercropped with four haricot bean population densities (D1 = 62,500; D2 = 125,000; D3 = 187500; D4 = 250,000) arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, sole cropped maize’s varieties gave significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)> with 100 % haricot bean population density is recommended for intercropping for their better compatibility and economic benefit with haricot bean as compared to other varieties and population densities in the study area.
This document summarizes a study on the indigenous knowledge of traditional fermented enset product preparation and utilization in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia. It describes the major steps in enset processing including selection of mature plants, surface fermentation preparation, pulverization, decortication, and bulla extraction. It notes that 49.24% of respondents were male and 50.56% female, mostly from the Gedeo ethnic group. Common enset clones used were identified based on fast fermentation, quality, medicinal properties, drought resistance and yield. The document concludes that understanding these traditional practices and documenting the indigenous knowledge is important.
The crop pests are animals that injure (killed) the cultivated plants. This study was aimed to assess the impact of stored cereal crops in two selected market sites of Axum town. A total of 64 respondents, were selected purposively and allowed to interview them using opened and closed ended questionnaires. This study showed that most (45.3%) of respondents found between 30-45 years old and least (7.8% of them found between 57-70 years old, within their sex females (43.7%) and males (56.3%) were participated in this study. The Merchants are losing their stored cereal crops mostly (51.6%) by both insects and Rodents in which they damage these crops but these Merchants are trying to control these pests by using mostly in modern (64%) and least (12.5%) of them by traditional methods. Generally those merchants should be preventing their stored cereal crops by controlling pests more properly using integrated pest management practices.
Mathematical modelling of Fish Resources Harvesting with Predator at Maximum Sustainable Yield
Kinfe Hailemariam Hntsaa, Zenebe Taka Mengesha (PhD)b*
aDepartment of Mathematics, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia, kinfhail@gmail.com
bDepartment of Biology, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia, zenebeteka2007@gmail.com
In this study, the population dynamic of fish is considered following Logistic model with the inclusion of harvesting. The prey-predator interaction is also considered with an assumption that the predator population which is completely theoretical and not physically defined has a little effect on the growth of prey population provided that there are no limiting factors other than the predators. This is to say that the prey-predator cycle remains stable as far as other factors are constant in the natural environment. The growth function of the predator population is constructed corresponding to the prey population, and its results showed that the predator population size is either convergent to a finite positive limit, zero or diverges to positive infinity; while the fish population size follows Logistic function and grows to an upper asymptote. Furthermore, the prey-predator interaction is considered with the assumption that the predator population has an effect on the growth of the prey population and the predator population has intra-specific competition for a limited environmental resource. Its result showed that the predator population size did not go to infinity without bound. In both cases the maximum sustainable yield is obtained, numerical simulation and stability analysis of the model are included.
This certificate recognizes Dr. A. Heidari as a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Integrative Sciences, Innovation and Technology for 2016 and 2017. The certificate denotes Dr. Heidari's professional contribution as a board member and commitment to advancing peer-reviewed publication in the journal.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
Most of the junior research fellows, upcoming scientists may not be aware of - what is the impact factor, how it is calculated and how can we use the impact factor. Most of the people will think that impact factor is important in assessing the quality of a journal. Here one should keep in mind that impact factor of a journal is no way related to the main quality parameters like peer review, detection of plagiarism, citations of the articles published in a journal etc.. Though there are many review articles published on impact factor, again I have summarized those points just to educate our readers.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school‐age children in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy with the Benzimidazole chemical family is one of the most effective strategies to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality. But now a day anthelmintic resistance in the treatment and control of human helminthes has been reported in different areas in Ethiopia. The objective of this study, therefore, is to assess the efficacy of albendazole (400 mg, manufactured by Khandeiwal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd) currently in use against soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children in many areas of Ethiopia. A total of 180 elementary school children were chosen using random sampling technique. Each student was instructed to submit fresh stool specimen. Formal ether concentration technique and Kato-Katz method were done at the study sites and Aksum University, laboratory of Department of Biology and Biotechnology. Among the total study children, 170 submitted fresh stool samples giving a response rate of 96.77%. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66.7 % (Adiet), 67.9% (Adwa) and 51.7% (Aksum). In all the study sites albendazole was effective against most soil-transmitted helminthes, with cure rate > 85%, and egg reduction rate >90%. However, it was less effective against Trichuris trichiura with cure rate 58.5% and 57.9% at Adiet and Adwa, respectively. Therefore, due attention should be given with regard to treating helminth positive individuals together with intense environmental sanitation to curb the burden of helminth infection and alternative chemotherapy against Trichuris trichiura should be supplied to the study areas.
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin ailments was conducted in Woreda Tahtay Adiyabo and Merebleke, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia between December 2013 and June 2014 to document the use, conservation and management of medicinal plants. To collect accurate information, 100 informants (80 men and 20 women, aged from 25-70) were selected purposively. Ethno botanical data were collected through semi structured interview and field observation and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and informant consensus factor. A total of 40 medicinal plants distributed across 27 families and 39 genera, which the informants confirmed that they are used to treat 12 human skin ailments. Woody plants comprised the largest number accounting for 26 species (65%). Leaves were the most frequently required plant parts (58 %) followed by seeds (12%). Remedies were mostly prepared from fresh plant materials, mostly from single plant species and crushing (48%) was the common method of preparation to make the remedy. The highest informant consensus was documented for Xanthium strumanium and Ziziphus spina-christi by 50(50%) informants to both for their medicinal value in treating Tinia capitis and Tinia corporis respectively. Drought and agricultural expansion are the major threats to medicinal plants. The local people of the two Woredas have used traditional botanical knowledge to treat skin ailments but the availability of plants is rare. Consequently, the traditional healers and the local people should be aware on how to use plants for various purposes and the traditional healers should grow some plants in their home gardens.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious weed of pastures, wasteland and agricultural fields in the world. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Parthenium hysterophorus extraction against cockroaches in Aksum University, Department of Biology laboratory, Tigray, Ethiopia. Parthenium hysterophorus containing its flower, root, stem, bark and leaf and cockroaches were collected from the campus. The parts of Parthenium hysterophorus were allowed to dry separately and made as a powder. Equal amount (3g) of powdered part of the plant were taken, distilled with 25ml of tap water with 10 ml of acetone then filtered using filter papers in to the funnels. Petri dishes were also prepared by dividing in to two equal halves having a gap between them then the extractions were dropped in one half of the Petri dishes and cockroaches were placed in the gap of the two halves then covered by a mosquito nets. The second half of the Petri dishes was used as control. Repellence capacities of all the extraction against cockroaches were observed. Extractions of Parthenium hysterophorus from Leaf + Flower followed by root + bark was found to be the most effective resulting in maximum effective mortality of cockroaches and the least was the extraction of all. Although the efficacy of the extractions of the different parts of Parthenium hystrophorus against cockroaches was assessed with their variations, it is recommended to evaluate its efficacy at different doses.
Hotels which purely operate with a commercial business purpose consider the customer is the king!’ And, if we believe this it is also important to know how to make them happy. Recent days customers expect lot of good services more than their expectations Hence, it is mandatory that employees approach and interaction with the guests play a predominant role in the satisfaction and retention of them. The study focused on identifying the customers’ perception towards the laundry and bar services that are provided by the leading star hotels in Salem city, Tamilnadu, South India from the 300 customers who had stayed in the said hotels. Descriptive research design with exploratory approach and non-scientific sampling method with purposive sampling technique was used in this study to get the actual perception of the customers. Concrete suggestions and measures to be implemented are suggested.
More from International Journal of Integrative sciences, Innovation and Technology (IJIIT) - AGSI (9)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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stands to prevent the disastrous consequences of frequent and severe
droughts. World wide about 900,000 ha of cactus are cultivated for
forage production (FAO 2001). Cactus is highly palatable and in
conjunction with conventional roughage sources can maintain adult
sheep during scarcity of feeds (Sirohi et al 1997). Moreover, the
succulent pads of cactus serve as source of water for livestock in dry
areas. In arid and semi-arid areas of Ethiopia, cactus serves to bridge
the gap of feed shortage during the dry season. Despite the wide use of
the plant, only little effort has been made to improve its utilization as
feed to ruminants. Data on its nutritive value and digestibility is scarce.
Based on these, the objectives of this paper were to review the effects
of different levels of supplementation of cactus pear as forage on feed
intake for sheep and goat in arid and Semi-arid in Ethiopia, under a
changing climate.
Cactus Pear as Forage
In Tigray, most of the feed supply for livestock comes from the arable
land and in a year of normal rainfall, about 45% of the total feed supply
of cattle in terms of nutrients comes from crop residues and 20% comes
from stubble grazing (Melaku 1997). The crop residues are utilized
mostly in the months of February to early August. During these
periods, cactus is the main feed source when the crop residue
alternative is not present in the cactus growing zones of Tigray. All
livestock types (cattle, sheep, goats, camels and equines) are reported
to consume cactus pear. Cutting the cladodes and superficial burning to
eliminate spines and chopping are the dominant form of processing.
Few use scraping or rubbing to eliminate spines. Farmers burn both
sides of the cladodes by putting straw or firewood on the cactus. To
save firewood some households prepare traditional oven and add small
amount of fuel on it. Traditional sharp materials like knife and sickle
are used to cut and chop the cladodes; none of the farmers were using
specially designed tools. In order of importance, cattle, sheep and sheep
are fed with processed cactus, either because they are preferred or their
inability to graze in situ; only 15% of the farmers prepare cactus for
equine while camels and goats do not face problems to browse even the
spiny cactus ( Firew Tegegne et al 2008).
Almost all kinds of livestock can feed on cactus including cattle, camel,
sheep and goats but may differ in the stage of growth preferred, further
treatment required to increase the palatability and the type of cactus
plantation. Cattle and sheep can be allowed to freely graze on a dense
natural cactus plantation like that of ‘Mehonie’ (Southern zone) where
they could selectively eat the young and spineless cladodes without any
further treatment. But this is not usually the case as such dense
plantations are either far away from settlement areas or there could be
threats from wild games (Haile and Belay 2002).
Chemical composition of Feeds
Spineless cactus had a high water content of 880 g/kg fresh weight
(Table 1). The cactus pads had high ash (mineral content), especially
calcium (45 g/kg DM), but the phosphorus concentrationwas 2.6 g/kg
DM, making the ratio of calcium to phosphorus 17:1. The soluble
carbohydrate of cactuswas over 251 g/kg DM, whereas itwas only 130
g/kgDMin the basal diet. Also the CP content of cactus (83 g/kg DM)
was higher compared to that of tef straw (76 g/kg DM). However, high
contents of NDF and ADF were determined in tef straw compared to
that in cactus pads.
Cactus was readily consumed and the animals preferred it to tef straw.
Consumption of cactus dry matter intake (DMI) increased with
increasing level of cactus inclusion (Tikaba Gebremariam et al 2006).
The high moisture content of cactus (Tikaba Gebremariam etal.,2006)
Table (1) was similar with other studies (Nefzaoui et al 1993, Ben
Salem and Nefzaoui 2002) which done in other countries. This
indicates that the water content in the cactus pads could solve the
problem of water scarcity, particularly in the dry season for animals in
arid and semi-arid zones of Ethiopia. The high water content of cactus
could help to resolve the problem of watering animals in dry seasons or
in areas where there is a limitation of water. The CP content was in the
range 5–12 g/kg DM (Felker 1995) but several researchers reported
lower CP content for cactus. Other experiments (Ben Salem et al 1996,
Mengistu 2001) have reported cactus to be rich in readily available
carbohydrates, which could serve as a source of energy for animals.
Due to this, cactus could be used as a supplement for animals on poor
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quality roughage such as straw and the combination of cactus with
cereal straw could be a nutritionally satisfactory solution for
maintaining small ruminants in arid zones.
The high calcium to phosphorus ratio (17:1) (Tikaba Gebremariam et
al 2006) which was far from the general accepted safe range ratio,
which is 1:1 to 2:1 (McDonald et al 2002). Ben Thlija (1987) attributed
the high calcium content of cactus to the high Ca but low moisture
content of arid soils that promotes the accumulation of high levels of
Ca in cactus. Calcium accumulates in plants during period of drought,
but reduces in concentration when the soil moisture is high; on the
other hand phosphorus appears to be present in higher concentrations
when the rainfall is high (McDonald et al 2002).
The low fiber content of cactus relative to the fiber content in the basal
feed (Tikaba Gebremariam etal.,2006) was comparable with the results
of Mengistu (2001) and Ben Salem and Nefzaoui 2002) who reported
NDF content of 241 and 255 g/kgDMin cactus, respectively. Forages
with high fiber contents have poor DMI due to their rumen fill effect as
well as low digestibility.
According (Daniel Tadesse et al 2014) the dried, chopped and
grounded spineless cactus had CP content of 61.3 g/kg DM (Table 1)
which is lower than that of the hay (67.5 g/kg DM). However, the CP
content of each of the treatment feeds is cactus +A. saligna 82.3, cactus
+A. robusta 127.9, cactus +S. sesban 185.7 g/kg DM is much higher
than that of hay and spineless cactus. High content of OM, NDF and
ADF were determined in the hay compared to the treatment feeds. The
spineless cactus cladode (pads) has high ash content (280.5 g/kg DM)
(Daniel Tadesse et al 2014). The NDF (387.6 g/kg DM) and ADL
(48.9 g/kg DM) contents of cactus pad obtained in this study are higher
than 289 and 40 g/kg DM; however, the ADF content (199.9 g/kg DM)
is lower than 219 g/kg DM reported by (Amare D et al 2009)
Cactus had a low DM, CP, NDFom, ADFom, and ADL, but high non-
structural carbohydrates, water and ash contents (Table 1). Contrary to
the chemical composition of cactus, tef straw contained high NDFom,
ADFom and ADL fractions. The CP content of tef straw used in this
study was relatively high for the kind of feed. The oil seed cakes had
high CP. The NDFom, ADFom and ADL contents were higher for
NSC and relatively lower in PNC, whereas the content of ether extract
was higher in PNC and lower in CSC.
Conclusion
Cactus pear is presented as forage and satisfies the water requirement
of animals and thus serves to mitigate water problems in the dry season
and during drought. Moreover, cactus may improve the nutritive value
of poor quality roughage due to its high content of soluble
carbohydrates. It may promote reasonable live weight gain in livestock
fed diet. Therefore, the different cactus browse mix could be used as
strategic feed supplements during the dry season.
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