The document discusses vasa vasorum, which are small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels. It then lists and briefly describes several terms related to carotid Doppler ultrasound findings:
1. Pulsus alternans refers to an oscillating pulse waveform between two levels on sequential heartbeats with a regular rhythm.
2. Bisferious waveform, also called pulsus bisferiens, shows two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic retraction and dicrotic notch, seen in aortic regurgitation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
3. Precipitous decline refers to a very steep, sharp, and abrupt downward slope of the Doppler waveform
7. MCQ / vasa vasorum is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large
blood vessels, such as elastic arteries (e.g., the aorta) and large veins (e.g., the venae
cavae). The name derives from Latin 'the vessels of the vessels'
