1) Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove atheromatous plaque buildup from the lining of an artery to improve blood flow. 2) In internal carotid artery occlusion, collateral blood flow to the occluded artery occurs via retrograde flow from branches of the external carotid artery into the ophthalmic artery, a phenomenon known as internalization of the external carotid artery. 3) Ectasia is a pathological enlargement of the cerebral arteries.

1. Illustrated Carotid Doppler (2)
Dr. Kamal Sayed MSc US UAA

13. MCQ

14. Tardus (long rise time = (“slow to rise” delayed systolic acceleration)
Parvus (low PSV = “slow to fall”) waveform
IMP MCQ

15. IMP MCQ

20. Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque
material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of
deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall.

24. In (ICA) occlusion, extracranial collateral circulation to the ICA is mainly
achieved via retrograde flow in the ophthalmic artery originating from (ECA)
branches… This phenomenon is known as internalization of the ECA.

28. GUESSTIMATE : an estimate based on a mixture of guesswork and calculation.
"a rough guesstimate of public expenditure" an estimate that combines
reasoning with guessing.

31. Ectasia, is a pathological enlargement of the cerebral arteries