The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is one of the latest generation flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controller used to control power flows of multiple transmission lines. The IPFC is the multifunction device, such as power flow control, voltage control, oscillation damping. This paper presents an overview and study and mathematical model of Interline Power Flow Control. The simulations of a simple power system of 500kV/230kV in MATLAB and simulation results are carried out on it. The results without and with IPFC are compared in terms of voltages, active and reactive power flows to demonstrate the performance of the IPFC model.
Power Flow Control In A Transmission Line Using Unified Power Flow ControllerIJMER
This paper concentrates on FACT device UPFC which is used for powerflow control in the
transmission side. With the growing demand of electricity, it is not possible to erect new lines to face the
situation. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) makes use of the thyristor controlled devices and optimally
utilizes the existing transmission network. One of such device is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on
which the emphasis is given in this present work. Real, reactive power, and voltage balance of the unified
power-flow control (UPFC) system is analyzed. A novel coordination controller is proposed for the UPFC.
The basic control method is such that the shunt converter controls the transmission line reactive power
flow and the dc-link voltage. The series converter controls the real power flow in the transmission line and
the UPFC bus voltages. Experimental works have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the
UPFC in power flow control in the transmission line. The simulation model was done in
MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensato...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Power Flow Control In A Transmission Line Using Unified Power Flow ControllerIJMER
This paper concentrates on FACT device UPFC which is used for powerflow control in the
transmission side. With the growing demand of electricity, it is not possible to erect new lines to face the
situation. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) makes use of the thyristor controlled devices and optimally
utilizes the existing transmission network. One of such device is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on
which the emphasis is given in this present work. Real, reactive power, and voltage balance of the unified
power-flow control (UPFC) system is analyzed. A novel coordination controller is proposed for the UPFC.
The basic control method is such that the shunt converter controls the transmission line reactive power
flow and the dc-link voltage. The series converter controls the real power flow in the transmission line and
the UPFC bus voltages. Experimental works have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the
UPFC in power flow control in the transmission line. The simulation model was done in
MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensato...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial.
In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.
UPFC in order to Enhance the Power System ReliabilityIJMER
The maintenance and reliability of the power system has become a major aspect of study. The
solution is the use of FACTS devices especially the use of UPFC. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
is the most widely used FACTS device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the
transmission line. It is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the
impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and
dynamic operation of the power system. The UPFC with its various modes of operation is understood.
Second, the operation of control system used in its converters is also studied. Finally by help of modeling
of a power system in SIMULINK / MATLAB SIMPOWERSYSTEM and by installing single phase UPFC
in transmission link, its use as power flow controller and voltage injection and constructing a lab scale
model of UPFC is discussed also.
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS):
Alternating current transmission systems incorporating power electronic-based and other static controllers to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability.
FACTS Controller:
What is FACTS? A power electronic-based system and other static equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system parameters.
Basic types of FACTS Controllers Based on the connection, generally FACTS controller can be classified as follows: Series controllers
Shunt controllers
Combined series-series controllers
Combined series-shunt controllers
The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial.
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) with Superconducting Magnetic En...IDES Editor
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has
been designed with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES) system. A closed loop control scheme has been
proposed with PI controller and real and reactive powers are
taken as references. A 48 pulse voltage source inverter is
designed for the SSSC. Control scheme for the chopper circuit
of SMES coil is also designed. A three area system is taken as
the test system and the operation of SSSC with SMES is
analysed for various transient disturbances. Test results under
different disturbances and operating conditions show the
proposed SSSC with SMES is effective in damping out the
power system oscillations.
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission LinesRajaram Meena
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission Lines in using PSAT in GUI/matlab in that slide uses a basic deeply small instrument using power transmission lines..it's main purpose to improve knowledge skills of students..
In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems.
Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
Power Quality Enhancement Using the Interline Power Flow ControllerIJPEDS-IAES
Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is one of the latest generation Flexible
AC Transmission system (FACTS). It is able to control simultaneously the
power flow of multiple transmission lines. This paper presents a study of the
impact the IPFC on profile of voltage, real and reactive power flow in
transmission line in power system. The results without and with IPFC are
compared in terms of voltage and active power flows to demonstrate the
performance of the IPFC model.
The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial.
In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.
UPFC in order to Enhance the Power System ReliabilityIJMER
The maintenance and reliability of the power system has become a major aspect of study. The
solution is the use of FACTS devices especially the use of UPFC. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
is the most widely used FACTS device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the
transmission line. It is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the
impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and
dynamic operation of the power system. The UPFC with its various modes of operation is understood.
Second, the operation of control system used in its converters is also studied. Finally by help of modeling
of a power system in SIMULINK / MATLAB SIMPOWERSYSTEM and by installing single phase UPFC
in transmission link, its use as power flow controller and voltage injection and constructing a lab scale
model of UPFC is discussed also.
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS):
Alternating current transmission systems incorporating power electronic-based and other static controllers to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability.
FACTS Controller:
What is FACTS? A power electronic-based system and other static equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system parameters.
Basic types of FACTS Controllers Based on the connection, generally FACTS controller can be classified as follows: Series controllers
Shunt controllers
Combined series-series controllers
Combined series-shunt controllers
The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial.
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) with Superconducting Magnetic En...IDES Editor
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has
been designed with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
(SMES) system. A closed loop control scheme has been
proposed with PI controller and real and reactive powers are
taken as references. A 48 pulse voltage source inverter is
designed for the SSSC. Control scheme for the chopper circuit
of SMES coil is also designed. A three area system is taken as
the test system and the operation of SSSC with SMES is
analysed for various transient disturbances. Test results under
different disturbances and operating conditions show the
proposed SSSC with SMES is effective in damping out the
power system oscillations.
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission LinesRajaram Meena
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission Lines in using PSAT in GUI/matlab in that slide uses a basic deeply small instrument using power transmission lines..it's main purpose to improve knowledge skills of students..
In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems.
Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
Power Quality Enhancement Using the Interline Power Flow ControllerIJPEDS-IAES
Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is one of the latest generation Flexible
AC Transmission system (FACTS). It is able to control simultaneously the
power flow of multiple transmission lines. This paper presents a study of the
impact the IPFC on profile of voltage, real and reactive power flow in
transmission line in power system. The results without and with IPFC are
compared in terms of voltage and active power flows to demonstrate the
performance of the IPFC model.
A New Approach to Powerflow Management in Transmission System Using Interline...IJERA Editor
In this paper a new approach to power flow management in transmission system using interline Power Flow
Controller (IPFC) is proposed and model for IPFC is developed and simulate by MATLAB software. Interline
Power Flow Controller is a versatile device can be used to control power flows of a multi-line system or subnetworks
An Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is a converter based FACTS controller for series
compensation with capability of controlling power flow among multi-lines within the same corridor of the
transmission line. It consists of two or more Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) with a common dc-link. Real
power can be transferred via the common dc-link between the VSCs and each VSC is capable of exchanging
reactive power with its own transmission system
Mitigation Unbalance Nonlinear Loads and Dissimilar Line Currents Using Shunt...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Power quality has grown from obscurity to a major issue in last ten years. The new technologies lead to great demand of power electronic devices that leads to a distortion the quality of voltages and currents of power system in other hand many sensitive loads need a high degree of power quality thus it is important to have the suitable solutions. Several researches and studies regarding the power quality and tray to solve the problems of nonlinear loads regarding a union case of a balance three phase and similarity of line currents, while in fact the unbalance and dissimilar cases are the prevailing cases. This paper proposed a new controller method for compensating unbalance nonlinear loads and dissimilar in line currents as well as eliminate the negative and zero sequence components of line currents using SAPF. Also the proposed control method is compared with a will known method used for compensating nonlinear loads in many researches known as instantaneous power pq theory. Finally, fuzzy logic control is used to optimize the performance of the compensator.
Power flow control in parallel transmission lines based on UPFCjournalBEEI
The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS powerful device that can control both active and reactive power flow of parallel transmission lines branches. In this paper, modelling and simulation of active and reactive power flow control in parallel transmission lines using UPFC with adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The mathematical model of UPFC in power flow is also proposed. The results show the ability of UPFC to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines.
TRANSMISSION LOSS MINIMIZATION USING ADVANCED UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (...ijiert bestjournal
The capability of transmission loss minimization of the power system network by
advanced unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the main focus in this paper. An
important factor effecting power transmission systems today is power flow control. The
increment of load variation in a power transmission system can lead to potential failure on
the entire system as the system has to work under a stressed condition. Thus, the Flexible
AC Transmission System (FACTS) are integrated in power system to control the active
power and reactive power simultaneously in specific lines and improve the security of
transmission line without violating economic generation dispatch. This paper presents
Advanced Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) which can provide functional flexibility
for loss minimization and voltage profile monitoring in a power system network. The
UPFC devices are installed in the system based on voltage stability index in order to
enhance the system security, performed on the IEEE 30-bus RTS for several loading
conditions. Simulations were carried out using MATLAB software to check the
performance of UPFC.
Augmentation of Real & Reactive Power in Grid by Unified Power Flow ControllerIJERA Editor
In this paper, a Power Flow Control in transmission line with respect to voltage condition (L-G, L-L-G, L-L)
over come by using unified power flow controller. The existing system employs UPFC with transformer less
connection with both series and shunt converter. This converter have been cascaded with multilevel inverters
which is more complicated to enhance the performance of UPFC.A proposed system consist of three terminal
transformer for shunt converter and six terminal transformer for series converter. Shunt converter & series
converter is coupled with common DC capacitor. DC link capacitor voltage is maintained using PID controller
and synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) is used to generate reference voltage & current signal.
Simulation studies are carried out for (L-G, L-L-G, L-L real & reactive power compensation results will be
shown in this paper)
Review of the UPFC Different Models in Recent YearsIJPEDS-IAES
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the most intriguing and, potentially, the most versatile classes of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously tree parameters line impedance, voltage, phase angle and dynamic compensation of AC power system. In order to analyze its true effects on power systems, it is important to model its constraints, due to various ratings and operating limits. This paper reviews on the different models of UPFC used in recent years and gives sets of information for each model of the UPFC in AC transmission. Then the different models are compared and features of each model are examined.
A Novel Technique for Enhancing Active and Reactive Power Quality for Renewab...IJMER
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and results.
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Reparation of Inductive Power in Power System by the use of FACTS devicesIJMTST Journal
This paper presents a shunt type FACTS device connected across the load to improve the power flow and
to maintain the reactive power in real data transmission line power system using MiPower software. The
main objective of this work is to maintain the voltage stability of steady-state bus voltages and reactive
power flows in transmission system with and without FACTS controller. FACTS devices are capable of
controlling the active and reactive power flows in a transmission line by controlling its series and shunt
parameters. This paper presents a steady state model of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) controller in the
power system for stability enhancement. Benefits of FACTS controllers to power system are also discussed.
In this work real data system has been considered for load flow analysis and also to incorporate the SVC
controller in the system
Transformer-Less UPFC for Wind Turbine ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this paper, an innovative technique with a new concept of transformer-less unified power flow controller
(UPFC) is implemented. The construction of the conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters
which results in complexity and bulkiness which involves the transformers which are complication for
isolation & attaining high power rating with required output waveforms. To reduce a above problem to a
certain extent, a innovative transformer-less UPFC based on less complex configuration with two cascade
multilevel inverters (CMIs) has been proposed. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been the most
versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device due to its ability to control real and reactive power
80w on transmission lines while controlling the voltage of the bus to which it is connected. UPFC being a
multi-variable power system controller it is necessary to analyze its effect on power system operation. The
new UPFC offers several merits over the traditional technology, such as Transformer-less, Light weight, High
efficiency, Low cost & Fast dynamic response. This paper mainly highlights the modulation and control for
this innovative transformer-less UPFC, involving desired fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for low
total harmonic distortion (THD), independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line,
dc-link voltage balance control, etc. The unique capabilities of the UPFC in multiple line compensation are
integrated into a generalized power flow controller that is able to maintain prescribed, and independently
controllable, real power & reactive power flow in the line. UPFC simply controls the magnitude and angular
position of the injected voltage in real time so as to maintain or vary the real and reactive power flow in the
line to satisfy load demand & system operating conditions. UPFC can control various power system
parameters, such as bus voltages and line flows. The impact of UPFC control modes and settings on the
power system reliability has not been addressed sufficiently yet. Cascade multilevel inverters has been
proposed to have an overview of producing the light weight STATCOM’s which enhances the power quality at
the output levels.When the multilevel converter is applied to STATCOM, each of the cascaded H-bridge
converters should be equipped with a galvanically isolated and floating dc capacitor without any power
source or circuit. This enables to eliminate a bulky, heavy, and costly line-frequency transformer from the
cascade STATCOM. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either three-phase line due to a fault reduces
an active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double before the interruption. Installing
the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of active power flowing through the transmission system.
Results has been shown through MATLAB Simulink
Performance and Analysis of Reactive Power Compensation by Unified Power Flow...ijeei-iaes
The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most versatile of the FACTS controllers envisaged so far. The main function of the UPFC is to control the flow of real and reactive power by injection of a voltage in series with the transmission line. Both the magnitude and the phase angle of the voltage can be varied independently. Real and Reactive power flow control can allow for power flow in prescribed routes, loading of transmission lines close to their thermal limits and can be utilized for improving transient and small signal stability of the power system. In this paper UPFC is incorporated in a SMIB (Single Machine Infinite Bus) system and the response of SMIB system has been recorded with and without UPFC, thereafter the comparison of both the output has been done. When no UPFC is installed, real and reactive power through the transmission line cannot be controlled. This paper presents control and performance of UPFC intended for installation on that transmission line to control power flow. Installing the UPFC makes it possible to control amount of active power flowing through the line. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB software to validate the performance of the UPFC.
Application of Unified Power Flow Controller in Nigeria Power System for Impr...ijtsrd
With the increased rate of urbanization and industrialization, the Nigerian electric power system is being put under pressure, high power losses which has led to fluctuation in voltage level. In this work the Nigeria 330Kv network of 42 bus system was considered. Data for the analysis were obtained from Transmission Company of Nigeria National Control Centre, Osogbo TCN and MATLAB PSAT software with newton Raphson's solution method embedded in it was used to carry out the analysis. The results of the analysis showed that many of the bus voltages were outside the voltage limits of ±5 i.e 0.95pu 1.05pu . After compensation with Flexible AC Transmission System devices FACTs namely Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC which can be used to control power flow on a transmission line, the voltage profile almost flat with bus voltages within acceptable voltage limits. It is also evident that the UPFC is device that can used to combat the voltage problem in the Nigerian electric power system. Adikaibe James | Prof. Engr. F. O. Enemuoh | Aghara Jachimma "Application of Unified Power Flow Controller in Nigeria Power System for Improvement of Voltage Profile" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27838.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27838/application-of-unified-power-flow-controller-in-nigeria-power-system-for-improvement-of-voltage-profile/adikaibe-james
Similar to Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission System (20)
Due to availability of internet and evolution of embedded devices, Internet of things can be useful to contribute in energy domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) will deliver a smarter grid to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will come across new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. The future smart home, various devices will be able to measure and share their energy consumption, and actively participate in house-wide or building wide energy management systems. This paper discusses the different approaches being taken worldwide to connect the smart grid. Full system solutions can be developed by combining hardware and software to address some of the challenges in building a smarter and more connected smart grid.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
In today’s emerging world of Internet, each and every thing is supposed to be in connected mode with the help of billions of smart devices. By connecting all the devises used in our day to day life, make our life trouble less and easy. We are incorporated in a world where we are used to have smart phones, smart cars, smart gadgets, smart homes and smart cities. Different institutes and researchers are working for creating a smart world for us but real question which we need to emphasis on is how to make dumb devises talk with uncommon hardware and communication technology. For the same what kind of mechanism to use with various protocols and less human interaction. The purpose is to provide the key area for application of IoT and a platform on which various devices having different mechanism and protocols can communicate with an integrated architecture.
Study on Issues in Managing and Protecting Data of IOTijsrd.com
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In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
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Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission System
1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2013 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 873
Abstract--The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is
one of the latest generation flexible AC transmission
systems (FACTS) controller used to control power flows of
multiple transmission lines. The IPFC is the multifunction
device, such as power flow control, voltage control,
oscillation damping. This paper presents an overview and
study and mathematical model of Interline Power Flow
Control. The s i mul a t io n s of a simple power system of
500kV/230kV in MATLAB and simulation results are
carried out on it. The results without and with IPFC are
compared in terms of voltages, active and reactive power
flows to demonstrate the performance of the IPFC model.
Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS),
Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), VSC.
INTRODUCTIONI.
As a result of the Flexible AC Transmission System
(FACTS) initiative, considerable effort has been spent in
recent years on the development of power electronics-based
power flow controllers. From a technical approach
standpoint, these controllers either use thyristor-switched
capacitors and reactors to provide reactive shunt and series
compensation, or employ self-commutated inverters as
synchronous voltage sources to modify the prevailing
transmission line voltage and thereby control power flow.
The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) concept
proposed in this paper addresses the problem of
compensating a number of transmission lines at a given
substation. Conventionally, series capacitive compensation
(fixed, thyristor-controlled or SSSC- based) is employed to
increase the transmittable real power over a given line and
also to balance the loading of a normally encountered multi-
line transmission system. However, independent of their
implementation, series reactive compensators are unable to
control the reactive power flow in, and thus the proper load
balancing of, the lines. This problem becomes particularly
evident in those cases where the ratio of reactive to resistive
line impedance (X/R) is relatively low. Series reactive
compensation reduces only the effective reactive impedance
X and, thus, significantly decreases the effective X/R ratio
and thereby increases the reactive power flow and losses in
the line. The IPFC scheme proposed provides, together with
independently controllable reactive series compensation of
each individual line, a capability to directly transfer real
power between the compensated lines. This capability
makes it possible to: equalize both real and reactive power
flow between the lines; transfer power demand from
overloaded to under loaded lines; compensate against
resistive line voltage drops and the corresponding reactive
power demand; increase the effectiveness of the overall
compensating system for dynamic disturbances. In other
words, the IPFC can potentially provide a highly effective
scheme for power transmission management at a multi-line
substation.
INTERLINE POWER FLOW CONTROLLERII.
The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) concept
discussed in this paper addresses the problem of
compensating a number of transmission lines at a given
substation. Conventionally, series capacitive compensation
(fixed, thyristor-controlled or SSSC based) is employed to
increase the transmittable real power over a given line and
also to balance the loading of a normally encountered multi-
line transmission system. However, independent of their
implementation, series reactive compensators are unable to
control the reactive power flow in, and thus the proper load
balancing of, the lines. This problem becomes particularly
evident in those cases where the ratio of reactive to resistive
line impedance (Xm) is relatively low. Series reactive
compensation reduces only the effective reactive impedance
X and, thus, significantly decreases the effective X/R ratio
and thereby increases the reactive power flow and losses in
the line. The IPFC scheme proposed provides, together with
independently controllable reactive series compensation of
each individual line, a capability to directly transfer real
power between the compensated lines. This capability
makes it possible to: equalize both real and reactive power
flow between the lines; transfer power demand from
overloaded to under loaded lines; compensate against
resistive line voltage drops and the corresponding reactive
power demand; increase the effectiveness of the overall
compensating system for dynamic disturbances. In other
words, the IPFC can potentially provide a highly effective
scheme for power transmission management at a multi-line
substation.
Fig (1): A Two Converter IPFC
Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission
System
Mr. Jaimin Patel1
Mr. A. M.Upadhyay2
1
PG student 2
Associate Professor
1, 2
Electrical Engineering Department
1, 2
S.S.E.C., Bhavnagar, Gujarat
S.P.B.Patel Engineering College, Mehsana, Gujarat
2. Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission System
(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 4/2013/0017)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 874
A pure series reactive (controllable) compensation in the
form of TCSC or SSSC can be used to control or regulate
the active power flow in the line; the control of reactive
power is not feasible unless active (real) voltage in phase
with the line current is not injected. The application of a
TCSC (or SSSC with impedance emulation) results in the
reduction of net series reactance of the line. However, X/R
ratio is reduced significantly and thereby increases the
reactive power flow (injected at the receiving end) and
losses in the line. The interline power flow controller (IPFC)
provides, in addition to the facility for independently
controllable reactive (series) compensation of each
individual line, a capability to directly transfer or exchange
real power between the compensated lines. This is achieved
by coupling the series connected VSC in individual lines on
the DC side, by connecting all the DC capacitors of
individual converters in parallel. Since all the series
converters are located inside the substation in close
proximity, this is feasible.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF IPFCIII.
In its general form the Interline Power Flow Controller
employs a number of dc to ac inverters providing each
series compensation for a different line. In other words, the
IPFC comprises a number of Static Synchronous Series
Compensators. However, within the general concept of the
IPFC, the compensating inverters are linked together at
their dc terminals, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
With this scheme, in addition to providing series
reactive compensation, any inverter can be controlled to
supply real power to the common dc link from its own
transmission line. Thus, an overall surplus power can be
made available from the underutilized lines which then can
be used by other lines for real power compensation. In this
way, some of the inverters, compensating overloaded lines
or lines with a heavy burden of reactive power flow, can be
equipped with full two-dimensional, reactive and real power
control capability, similar to that offered by the UPFC.
Evidently, this arrangement mandates the rigorous
maintenance of the overall power balance at the common dc
terminal by appropriate control action, using the general
principle that the under loaded lines are to provide help, in
the form of appropriate real power transfer, for the
overloaded lines.
Fig (2): IPFC Comprising n Converters
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF IPFCIV.
A mathematical model for IPFC which will be referred
to as power injection model is derived. This model is
helpful in understanding the impact of the IPFC on the power
system in the steady state. Furthermore, the IPFC model can
easily be incorporated in the power flow model. Usually, in
the steady state analysis of power the VSC may be
represented as a synchronous voltage source injecting an
almost sinusoidal voltage with controllable magnitude and
angle. Based on this, the equivalent circuit of IPFC is shown
in Fig. 3.
Fig (3): Equivalent circuit of two converters IPFC
Fig (4): Power Injection Model of Two Converters IPFC
In Fig. 3, Vi, Vj and Vk are the complex bus voltages at the
buses x = i, j and k respectively, defined as Vi < 2i (x = i, j,
k). Vsein is the complex controllable series injected voltage
source, defined as Vsein = Vsein < 2sein (n = j, k) and Zsein
(n = j, k) is the series coupling transformer impedance. The
active and reactive power injections at each bus can be
easily calculated by representing IPFC as current source. For
the sake of simplicity, the resistance of the transmission
lines and the series coupling transformers are neglected. The
power injections at buses are summarized as:
∑ ------ (1)
∑ ---- (2)
-- (3)
-- (4)
The equivalent power injection model of an IPFC is shown
in Fig. 4.Neither absorbs nor injects active power with respect
to the ac system; the active power exchange between the
converters via the dc link is zero,
Re (Vseij Iji* +Vseik Iki*) = 0 -- (5)
Where the superscript * denotes the conjugate of a
complex number.
If the resistances of series transformers are neglected, eq. (5)
can be written as:
∑ -- (6)
3. Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission System
(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 4/2013/0017)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 875
Normally in the steady state operation, the IPFC is used to
control the active and reactive power flows in the
transmission lines in which it is placed.
The active and reactive power flow control constraints are:
Pni- Pni
spec
= 0 -- (7)
Qni - Qni
spec
= 0 -- (8)
Where n = j, k.
Pni
spec
, Qni
spec
are the specified active and reactive power
flow control references respectively;
Pni = Re (Vn Ini
*
) -- (9)
Qni = Im (Vn Ini
*
) -- (10)
Thus, the power balance equations are as follows:-
Pgm + Pinj,m − Plm − Pline,m = 0 --(11)
Qgm + Qinj,m − Qlm − Qline,m = 0 --(12)
SIMULATION AND RESULTSV.
To investigate the effect of IPFC in power system and study
it’s effect of power flow the simplest power system as
shown in Fig. 5. This power system is simple 500 kV / 230
kV Transmission System.
Fig (5): Test power system for analyzing the effect of
location of IPFC
For better understanding the effect of IPFC on power system
the results of power flow including voltage magnitude and
voltage profile and real and reactive power flow in all
transmission lines without IPFC initial results are
obtaining and the three case studies are encountered and
analyzed to investigate the effect of IPFC location. In this
thesis the three locations for analyzing IPFC location are
studies that including as cases:
Case 1: Installing IPFC between Line 1 and Line 2
Case 2: Installing IPFC between Line 2 and Line 3
Case 3: Installing IPFC between Line 4 and Line 5
Fig (6): MATLAB Simulation of Test Power System
without IPFC
Fig (7): MATLAB Simulation of Test Power System with
IPFC
Magnitude of Voltages (pu)
Bus No Without IPFC Case-1 Case-2 Case-3
1 0.9957 0.9938 1.002 0.9985
2 0.9976 0.9965 0.9969 1.007
3 0.9982 0.9976 0.9974 1.012
4 0.9975 0.9990 0.9989 1.000
5 0.9975 0.9975 0.9978 0.9986
6 0.9975 0.9975 0.9979 0.9986
7 0.9975 0.9990 0.9989 1.000
8 0.9982 0.9976 0.9974 1.005
9 0.9975 0.9990 0.9989 1.000
10 0.9975 0.9990 0.9989 1.000
Active Power (MW)
Bus No Without IPFC Case-1 Case-2 Case-3
1 -734.7 -734.7 -702.9 -735.2
2 721.6 724.8 869 852.9
3 719 722.1 865.1 849.2
4 914.3 910.9 752.5 782.5
5 1427 1427 1412 1422
6 518.3 521.6 663.9 644.5
7 905.3 905.1 926 905.8
8 -199.3 -199 -199 -202
9 -4.5 -2.897 47.93 61.67
10 -4.5 -2.897 125.6 61.67
CONCLUSIONVI.
In this paper we have discussed the Basic Principle of IPFC
which consists a number of inverters are linked together at
their dc terminals. Each inverter can provide series reactive
compensation, as an SSSC, for its own line. However, the
inverters can transfer real power between them via their
common dc terminal. This capability allows the IPFC to
provide both reactive and real compensation for some of
the line and thereby optimize the utilization of the overall
transmission system. We have make a simple power system
model of 500 kV / 230 kV Transmission System in
Simulink without and with IPFC. The simulation result of a
simple power system of 500 kV / 230 kV Transmission
System without and with IPFC are compared. From the
Results finally we conclude that the IPFC can increase the
bus voltage to which IPFC converters are connected and there
is a significant change in the system voltage profile at the
neighboring buses, increase in active power flow and
decrease in reactive power flow through the lines.
4. Simulation Of Interline Power Flow Controller in Power Transmission System
(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 4/2013/0017)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 876
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[1] N. G. Higorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding of
FACTS, IEEE power engineering society, 2000, pp
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[3] Laszlo Gyugyi, Kalyan K. Sen and Colin D. Schaunder,
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Approach to Power Flow Management in Transmission
Systems”, IEEE, 1998, pp 1115-1123.
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[5] Sasan Salem and V.K. Sood prepared a paper on
“Simulation and Controller Design of an Interline
Power Flow Controller in EMTP RV”, IEEE, 2007, pp
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[6] Xuan Wei, Joe H. Chow, B. Fardanesh and Abdel-Aty
Edris, “ A Dispatch Strategy For an Interline Power
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