The document describes an accelerated life test for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) fiber positioning system. A hexapod test apparatus was designed to replicate the dynamic motion of the fiber segments over a 5-year projected lifespan in a compressed 2-3 month period. Key design parameters included the hexapod travel limits, actuator speed and force capabilities, and custom end joints to handle misalignments. The test aims to continuously measure changes in focal ratio for individual fibers to evaluate the optical performance over repeated flexing cycles.
Discussion of cutoff wavelength in optical fibres its defination measurements specifications optical fibre refractive index profiles, Total Internal Reflection, specifications for ITU G 657, 655A ,G655A,D
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Dispersion Properties of Photonic Crystal Fiber with Four cusped Hypocycloida...IOSRJECE
In this paper, dispersion characteristics of Photonic crystal fiber with four cusped hypocycloidal airhole in cladding (FCH-PCF) are investigated by using fully vectorial effective index method. Computed results show that the dispersion dependence on geometric parameters such as the hole pitch and size parameter. We find the flattened dispersion and zero dispersion wavelengths
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Discussion of cutoff wavelength in optical fibres its defination measurements specifications optical fibre refractive index profiles, Total Internal Reflection, specifications for ITU G 657, 655A ,G655A,D
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Dispersion Properties of Photonic Crystal Fiber with Four cusped Hypocycloida...IOSRJECE
In this paper, dispersion characteristics of Photonic crystal fiber with four cusped hypocycloidal airhole in cladding (FCH-PCF) are investigated by using fully vectorial effective index method. Computed results show that the dispersion dependence on geometric parameters such as the hole pitch and size parameter. We find the flattened dispersion and zero dispersion wavelengths
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Bending losses of power in a single mode step index optical fiber due to macro bending has been
investigated for a wavelength of 1550nm. The effects of bending radius (4-15mm, with steps of 1mm), and
wrapping turn (up to 40 turns) on loss have been studied. Twisting the optical fiber and its influence on power
loss also has been investigated. Variations of macro bending loss with these two parameters have been
measured, loss with number of turns and radius of curvature have been measured.
This work founds that the Macro bending and wrapping turn loss increases as the bending radius and wrapping
turn increases.
Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin FilmIJERA Editor
Thin film of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) was deposited onto transparent glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. ZnSe thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 310 nm-1080 nm. The Linear optical parameters (linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant) of ZnSe thin film were analyzed from absorption spectra. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc’s equation. The volume and surface energy loss function of ZnSe thin film were obtained by complex dielectric constant. The Dispersion parameters (dispersion energy, oscillation energy, moment of optical dispersion spectra, static dielectric constant and static refractive index) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The oscillation strength, oscillator wavelength, high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated by single Sellmeier oscillator model. Also, Lattice dielectric constant, N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were obtained. The electronic polarizibility of ZnSe thin film was estimated by Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility. The non-linear optical parameters (non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index) were estimated.
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
When employees are trained to work safely they should be able to anticipate and avoid injury from job-related hazards.
• Surface Preparation
• Coating (Spin Casting)
• Pre-Bake (Soft Bake)
• Alignment
• Exposure
• Development
• Post-Bake (Hard Bake)
• Processing Using the Photoresist as a Masking Film
• Stripping
• Post Processing Cleaning (Ashing)
Application Note: Simple Method of Measuring the Band Gap Energy Value of TiO...PerkinElmer, Inc.
The measurement of the band gap of materials is important in the semiconductor, nanomaterial and solar industries. This note demonstrates how the band gap of a material can be determined from its UV absorption spectrum.
GEOMETRY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW INDEX SILICON MICRO RING RESONATORSoptljjournal
An optical ring resonator is indeed a series of waveguides in which a closed loop coupled with some sort of input and output of light is at least one. The consequence of the index difference on dielectric waveguide characteristics such as single-mode process, losses, efficiency of fiber to waveguide coupling, minimum bending radius, hybridity mode, birefringence, polarization effects, repeatability and stability, integration
size, realizable circuits, technical constraints and usable materials is indeed very significant for study. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of the features of the waveguide with regard to the index correlation and to explore the difficulties. This article assesses the effect of the intensity index on the characteristics of the dielectric waveguide, such as the single-mode device, losses, technical constraints and materials available. This work is an approximation for the design of optical waveguides, so that by lowering the silicon index, we can achieve versatility
Bending losses of power in a single mode step index optical fiber due to macro bending has been
investigated for a wavelength of 1550nm. The effects of bending radius (4-15mm, with steps of 1mm), and
wrapping turn (up to 40 turns) on loss have been studied. Twisting the optical fiber and its influence on power
loss also has been investigated. Variations of macro bending loss with these two parameters have been
measured, loss with number of turns and radius of curvature have been measured.
This work founds that the Macro bending and wrapping turn loss increases as the bending radius and wrapping
turn increases.
Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin FilmIJERA Editor
Thin film of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) was deposited onto transparent glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. ZnSe thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 310 nm-1080 nm. The Linear optical parameters (linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant) of ZnSe thin film were analyzed from absorption spectra. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc’s equation. The volume and surface energy loss function of ZnSe thin film were obtained by complex dielectric constant. The Dispersion parameters (dispersion energy, oscillation energy, moment of optical dispersion spectra, static dielectric constant and static refractive index) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The oscillation strength, oscillator wavelength, high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated by single Sellmeier oscillator model. Also, Lattice dielectric constant, N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were obtained. The electronic polarizibility of ZnSe thin film was estimated by Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility. The non-linear optical parameters (non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index) were estimated.
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
When employees are trained to work safely they should be able to anticipate and avoid injury from job-related hazards.
• Surface Preparation
• Coating (Spin Casting)
• Pre-Bake (Soft Bake)
• Alignment
• Exposure
• Development
• Post-Bake (Hard Bake)
• Processing Using the Photoresist as a Masking Film
• Stripping
• Post Processing Cleaning (Ashing)
Application Note: Simple Method of Measuring the Band Gap Energy Value of TiO...PerkinElmer, Inc.
The measurement of the band gap of materials is important in the semiconductor, nanomaterial and solar industries. This note demonstrates how the band gap of a material can be determined from its UV absorption spectrum.
GEOMETRY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW INDEX SILICON MICRO RING RESONATORSoptljjournal
An optical ring resonator is indeed a series of waveguides in which a closed loop coupled with some sort of input and output of light is at least one. The consequence of the index difference on dielectric waveguide characteristics such as single-mode process, losses, efficiency of fiber to waveguide coupling, minimum bending radius, hybridity mode, birefringence, polarization effects, repeatability and stability, integration
size, realizable circuits, technical constraints and usable materials is indeed very significant for study. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of the features of the waveguide with regard to the index correlation and to explore the difficulties. This article assesses the effect of the intensity index on the characteristics of the dielectric waveguide, such as the single-mode device, losses, technical constraints and materials available. This work is an approximation for the design of optical waveguides, so that by lowering the silicon index, we can achieve versatility
Powerpoint presentation of my public PhD defense, held on September 24, 2012.
Title: Mechanical properties of the tympanic membrane - Measurement and modeling
Optical Micro-mechatronic Systems Integrated on Printed Circuit BoardsSERHAN ISIKMAN
A polymer scanner actuates a lens to achieve dynamic focusing of a laser spot on a target, while scanning a second lens to collect the reflected light. This synchronous scanning and detection enables extended range imaging of targets such as bar-codes, etc.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
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2. Hobby Eberly Telescope
One of the World’s largest optical telescopes
• 9.2 meter Effective Aperture
• 78 square meter Primary Mirror
Tracking is achieved by moving the tracker
instrument package instead of moving the
entire telescope
3. HET Upgrade for VIRUS
(HETDEX)
The immense light-gathering capability of
Focal Surface
HET will allow HETDEX to build the
largest map of the universe ever Strain Relief 1
(SR1)
produced.
IFU Bundle
Strain Relief 2
(SR2)
• Up to 192 spectrographs (VIRUS)
Strain Relief 3
(SR3)
• As many as 43,008 optical fibers with
a 21 meter average length
VIRUS
Fiber System Layout and Mechanical Coupling
Fiber Segment MCP Beginning MCP End Behavior Length (m)
1 Focal Surface Strain Relief 1 Static <1
2 Strain Relief 1 Strain Relief 2 Dynamic 7
3 Strain Relief 2 Strain Relief 3 Dynamic 9
4 Strain Relief 3 VIRUS Cabinets Static 4
4. Design Concerns
• Optical performance of the fibers is
unknown after repeated cycles of
extending, contracting and flexing
• Fiber quality and optical performance
are dictated by:
– Transmission
• Ratio of light exiting to light entering
– Focal Ratio Degradation (FRD)
• Gradual decline in the F-ratio as light Figure: Far field images of the input and
passes from input end to output end
output spots. FRD has scattered
(scattering of light at exit)
the light both outwards and into the
central obscuration (output spot -
• Factors that lead to FRD right)
– Specific to User Control
• Mechanical Deformation (Macro / Micro
Bending)
• Localized stresses or stress points
• Size and complexity of the fiber system
– Specific to Manufacture Control for HETDEX is much greater than
• Random Irregularities
previous fiber systems deployed
• Fiber End Preparation
• Materials
5. Accelerated Life Test
• Test Objective:
– Provide a life cycle test simulating the HETDEX fiber system behavior, while continuously measuring relative
changes in the output focal ratio of individual fibers over the duration of the test
• Design Constraints: Item Constraint Driver Constraint Description
Deploy HETDEX strain reliefs at their proposed
1 Defines Routing (Volume)
relative spatial orientation
2 Operate Test within Task B Defines Volume
Replicate full range of telescope fiber movement
3 Defines Motion (Volume)
between Strain Relief 1 & 2
4 Restrain 48 IFU Conduits Defines Force
Perform 5 year projected life cycle test within 2 to
5 Defines Rate
3 months
200 mm X 200 mm X 700 mm
6 Provide space for optical testing instruments
optical test bench at input and exit
7 Provide test bed for hexapod control system Defines Parallel Kinematics
• Design Concepts – (1) Rotary Fiber Tester (2) Cart / Cable Fiber Tester (3) Hexapod Fiber Test Apparatus
9. Design Parameters
• Hexapod Travel:
– Calculated using geometric constraints imposed by HETDEX Tracker Design
– Explicitly replicates the fiber system movement of segment 2 throughout its operational limits
• Z = Max: 116.33 mm Min: 0 mm • θx/θy = Max: 9 deg Min: -9 deg
• X/Y = Max: 391.99 mm Min: -391.99 mm • ρ = Max: 21 deg Min: -21 deg
• Actuator Travel:
– Determined by positioning the SolidWorks model at over 1500 discrete locations within its
travel range and measuring the displacement of individual components
• Actuator Travel: 496.08 mm • Upper U-Joint Rotation: 11 degrees
• Upper U-Joint Misalignment: 44 degrees • Lower U-Joint Misalignment: 31 degrees
ρ
Z
θy Y
θx X
10. Design Parameters
• Actuator Speed:
– 21.9 mm/s Calculated at Tracker Slew Speed w/ Rho
– Test Duration for 5 year life cycle representation at 21.9
mm/s
• 360 hrs (15 – 24 hr days)
• Actuator Force: (worse case travel condition with fully
weighted IFUs)
– 10.4 kN – Calculated using SolidWorks Simulation
• End Joint Design
– 2 DOF and 3 DOF joints are required between the actuators and end plates
– Custom designed end joints were needed to handle the large misalignment and axial loads
11. Optical Bench Axis
• Designed to move the fiber test bundle so that it approximates the dynamic behavior
exhibited by fiber segment 3 of the HETDEX fiber system.
• Optical Bench Components:
– Custom Wire Rope Drum
– AKM-53G servo drive motor w/ Nema True Gear Box
– Drum Mount Platform (Stationary)
– Linear Bearing Platform (Stationary)
– Optics Platform
1.2 m