This document discusses the four main types of conditionals in English: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. It provides examples for each type and explains their structures and uses. The zero conditional uses the present simple tense and describes general truths. The first conditional uses the present simple and future simple to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and conditional to describe unlikely or imaginary situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and conditional perfect to talk about unreal past situations. Exercises with answers are provided to illustrate each conditional.

1. Conditionals/ If
clause

2. What are
Conditionals?
Sometimes we call them ‘If clause’. Conditionals /If
clauses describe the result of something that might
happen in the present or future or might have
happened but didn’t in the past.

4. There are four main
kinds of conditionals
The Zero Conditionals
The First Conditionals
The Second Conditionals
The Third Conditionals

5. The Zero Conditional

6. The Zero Conditionals
If + simple present,… simple present

7. The Zero
Conditional
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two
present simple verbs. One in the ‘If clause’ and one in
the ‘main clause’

8. The Zero Conditional
Example
If water reaches 100 degree, it boils.
(it is always true, there can’t be a different
result sometimes)

9. If it rains, the grass gets wet.

10. If you heat ice, it melts.

11. Exercises
If she _______(to breathe),
she lives.
If I______(to be)tired, I always
tired.
If it doesn’t ______(rain),plant
cannot grow.

12. Answers
If she breathes,
she lives.
If I am tired, I
always tired.
If it doesn’t rain,
plant cannot
grow.

13. The First Conditional

14. The First Conditional
The first conditional has the
present simple after ‘if’ then
the future simple in the
other clause

15. If + present simple,… will + Infinitive
The First Conditional

16. The First Conditional
It is used to talk about
things which might happen
in the future, which could
easily come true.

17. The First Conditional
Examples
If I see
her, I’ll
tell her.

18. If it snows, they will go skiing.

19. If I learn the words well, I’ll get a good marks.

20. Exercises
If you ______(go) out with your
friends tonight, I_______ (watch)
the football match on TV.
I______ (earn) a lot of money if
I______ (get) that job.
If she______ (hurry / not) ,
we________ (miss) the bus.

21. Answers
If you go out with your friends
tonight, I will watch the football
match on TV.
I will earn a lot of money if I get
that job.
If she does not hurry , we will miss
the bus.

22. The First Conditional
vs
The Zero Conditional
The first conditional describes a particular situation whereas the
zero conditional describes what happens in general

23. The Second Conditional

24. The Second Conditional
The second conditional used the
past simple after ‘if’ the would
and the infinitive

25. The Second Conditional
If + simple past,… would +
infinitive

26. The Second Conditional
It has two uses
* we can use it to talk about things
in the future that are probably not
going to be true.
* may be imagining some dream.

27. The Second Conditional
Example
If I met the Queen of England, I would say
hello.

28. If I were a plant, I
would love the rain.

29. If I won the lottery, I
would buy a big house.

30. Exercise
If he ________(try) harder,
he______ (reach) his goals.
If they __________(fit), I
________(buy) these shoes .
It __________(surprise / not) me if
he _______(know / not) the
answer.

31. Answers
If he tried harder, he would
reach his goals.
If they fitted, I would buy
these shoes .
It would not surprise me, if
he did not know the answer.

32. The Third Conditional

33. The Third Conditional
We make the third conditional by using the past participle after ‘if’ and then would have and
the past participle in the second part of the sentence

34. The Third
Conditional
If + simple past,… would + have + past participle

35. The Third Conditional
It talks about the past, its used to
describe a situation that didn’t
happen and to imagine the result of
this situation

36. The Third
Conditional
Example 1
If she had studied, she would have
passed the exam.
(but really we know she didn’t study
and so she didn’t pass)

37. The Third Conditional
Example 2
If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have felt
sick.
(but I did eat a lot and so I did feel sick)

38. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have missed the plane.

39. Exercises
If we ______(listen) to the radio,
we______ (hear) the news.
If you______ (switch) on the lights,
you______ (fall / not) over the
chair.
She_____ (come) to our party if
she_______ (be / not) on holiday.

40. Answers
If we had listened to the radio, we
would have heard the news.
If you had switched on the lights,
you would have not fallen over the
chair.
She would have to our party if she
had not been on holiday.

41. • The Zero Conditional
If + simple present,…simple present
If you heat water to 100 degree, it
boils
• The First Conditional
If + simple present,… will + infinitive
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll go to
cinema

42. • The second conditional
If + simple past,… would+ infinitive.
If I had a lot of money, I would travel.
• The Third Conditional
If + simple past,… would+ have+ past
participle
If I had gone to bed early, I would have
caught the train.