The document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English: - Zero conditional refers to general truths using present tense in both clauses. - First conditional talks about possible future conditions and results using present tense and "will". - Second conditional expresses unlikely future situations using past tense and "would". - Third conditional refers to impossible past situations using "had" and "would have".

1. Zero conditional
• The zero conditional is used to make statements
about the real world, and often refers to general
truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences,
the time is now or always and the situation is real
and possible.
• In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both
parts of the sentence is in the simple present
• If you heat ice, it melts.
• If it rains, the grass gets wet.

2. 1st conditional
• Talking about a particular condition or situation in
the future and the result of this condition.
• We use the Present Simple tense to talk about
the possible future condition. We use will +
present verb to talk about the possible future
result.
• If it rains, I will stay at home.
• If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

3. 2nd conditional
• First, we can use it to talk about things in the
future that are probably not going to be true.
• Second, we can use it to talk about something in
the present which is impossible, because it's not
true.
• We use the Past Simple tense to talk about the
future condition. We use would + present verb to
talk about the future result.
• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
• If I had his number, I would call him.

4. 3rd conditional
• It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to
imagine the result of this situation. We talk about a
condition in the past that did not happen.
• We use the Past Perfect tense to talk about the impossible
past condition. We use would have + past participle to talk
about the impossible past result. (if + past perfect, ...would
+ have + past participle)
• If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (we
know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
• He would have been on time for the interview if he had left
the house at nine

5. forms
• If + present verb…present verb
• If + present verb…will + present verb
• If + past verb…would + present verb
• If + had + past participle … would have + past
participle

6. Present simple
Will + present simple
Would + Present simple
Would + present perfect …(have)

12. Seatwork: Complete the sentence with the correct
form of the verb.
1) We _________ the house if it _________ a garden. ( buy, have)
2) If you _________ Indian food, I’m sure you _________ it. (try,
like)
3) She _________ you if you _________ her nicely. (help, ask)
4) I _________ you if I _________ from Alex. (phone, hear)
5) If _________ carefully, you _________ everything. (listen,
understand)
6) If I _________ money, I _________ to you. (have, lend)
7) If you _________ hard, you _________. (work, succeeded)
8) If litmus paper _________ in contact with acid, it _________
red. (get, turn)
9) If I _________ you, I _________ his offer. (be, accept)
10) We _________ him if he _________ the customers rudely.
(dismiss, treat)

13. Conditional sentences
• Zero conditional
– If you press the button, it _________. (ring)
– If it rains, it ________. (pour)
• First conditional
– If I miss the bus, ________ a taxi. (get)
– If you tell her the truth, she ___________ you. (believe)
* Can use imperative or can instead of will
• Second conditional
– If you _________ to bed late, you wouldn’t be so tired in the morning.
(not go)
– Would you take the manager’s job if they __________ it to you? (offer)
*if clause comes first, use a comma
• Third conditional
– If you had done your best, you _____________ the test. (pass)
– She could have been employed now if she ______________ (not stop)
for three years.
*”If” can be omitted and may begin the clause with “had”
Had you worked hard, you would have succeeded.
offered
pours
didn’t go
won’t believe
will get
would have passed
had not stopped

14. Directions: Tell the type of each of the following conditionals.
1. If you heat ice, it melts.
2. If you invite him, he might come.
3. If I were you, I would accept his offer.
4. If you had accepted the offer, you would have regretted it.
5. If she were you , she would behave more politely.
6. Had the patient got medical aid in time, he could have been
saved.
7. If I had got my check book, I might have bought the beautiful
camera.
8. If you’ve finished your dinner, we can leave now.
9. You should apply for leave immediately if your passport is ready.
10. If Lanz can draw, Lara can dance.

15. Make meaningful sentences by matching the clauses in
column A with the clauses in column B.
Column A
• If we win this match
• If we had won this match
• If we won this match,
• If an eastern wind is
blowing
• If it rained heavily,
• If it had rained heavily,
• If I were you,
• If we miss the train,
• If tickets are available
• If I had seen the red signal
Column B
a) I would certainly see the movie.
b) I wouldn’t lose my temper.
c) I could have stopped the car.
d) we would have become zonal
champions.
e) the crops would have been
damaged.
f) we can catch a taxi.
g) It usually brings rain.
h) we’ll reach the finals
i) we would win the tournament.
j) the river would overflow.

16. Present perfect in the first conditional
• "If we have finished work by 3 o'clock, then
we can go shopping.“
• "We can go shopping if we finish work by 3
o'clock.“
• The present perfect in the if-clause of a
sentence in the first conditional emphasises
that one action depends on the completion of
another:
• If I've finished writing my paper by tonight, I'll go
out with my friends.

17. Present continuous in the first
conditional
• The present continuous can be used in
the if-clause of a sentence in the first
conditional to refer to a present action or a
future arrangement:
• If you are looking for Molly, you'll find her
upstairs in her room. (present action)
• If you are staying for the weekend, we'll go to
the cinema. (future arrangement)

18. First conditional
• IF + PRESENT TENSE | WILL + INFINITIVE
• The first conditional describes a probable future
situation. If the condition is fulfilled, the action in the
main clause is likely to happen:
• If we don't leave soon, we will miss the train.
If you ask him, he will probably help you.
• In this type of conditional, the present tenses in the if-
clause usually refer to future time and their use is
similar to that in future time clauses. Sometimes,
however, a present tense in the if-clause can refer to
present time:
• If you are hungry, you'll find some sandwiches in the fridge.