The document discusses conditional sentences in English. There are three main types of conditional sentences: Type 1 uses "if + present, will + verb" to talk about possible future situations. Type 2 uses "if + past, would + verb" to talk about unlikely or imaginary situations. Type 3 uses "if + past perfect, would + have + past participle" to talk about unfulfilled past conditions. There are also special rules for conditional sentences without "if" and those using "unless" or "otherwise".

1. Conditional Sentences
By Lia Cahyati, S.Pd.

2. If conditional is a
pattern for
showing a
supposition.

3. General Rules Special Rules
There are three types In special rules, there
of conditinonal are three types of
sentence conditional
 Type 1 (Future  Inversion (without
Conditional) ‘if’)
 Type 2 (Present  Unless (= if + negative
Conditional) sentence)
 Type 3 (Past  Otherwise (= If not)
Conditional)

4. TYPE 1
If + present simple, ... will + verb-1 ...
If + present simple, imperative sentence
We use If Conditional Type 1
to talk about a possible future
situation and it’s consequences.
• If I miss the train, I will go by bus.
• If I have a lot of money, I will travel
around the world.
• If you meet David, please tell him
that i need to talk to him

5. TYPE 2
If + past simple, ... would + verb-1 ...
Use the Second Conditional to talk about
impossible, imaginary, or unlikely situations:
• If I were an animal, I’d be a tiger. (impossible)
• If I met Lee Min Ho, I would take a photograph
with him. (imaginary)
• If Americans ate less fast food, they’d be
healthier. (unlikely)

6. TYPE 3
If + past perfect, ... would + have + verb-3 ...
The past perfect shows an
unfulfilled condition in the past.
•If you had tried, you would have won
( ~ you did not try)
• If you had been there, I would have
seen you. ( ~ you were not there)
• If I had had enough money, I would
have gone there. (~ I didn’t have
enough money at that time, i.e. in the
past)

7. Special Rules
Without If
• If you had tried, you would have won.
 Had you tried, you would have won.
• If you had been there, I would have seen you.
 Had you been there, I would have seen you.
• If I were you, I would say it to him.
 Were I you, I would say it to him.
Unless (If + negative sentence)
• Unless you help me, I cannot finish my work.
 If you don’t help me, I cannot finish my work.
• Unless I know the answer, I will not answer the
question.
 If I don’t know the answer, I will not answer the
question.