ppt presentation CONDITIONALS,

1. Conditionals

2. Zero Conditional
• The zero conditional is a structure used for
talking about general truths - things which
always happen under certain conditions.

3. The structure of a zero conditional sentence
• A zero conditional sentence consists of two clauses,
an "if" clause and a main clause (note that most zero
conditional sentences will mean the same thing if
"when" is used instead of "if"):
If clause+ main clause:
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

4. Comma?!
• If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the
"if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees.
We use the same verb form in each part of a zero conditional:
the simple present tense:
• if clause: if +subject + simple present verb
• main clause: subject + simple present verb

5. Using the zero conditional
• The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always
true -- scientific facts, general truths, and so on
• Example: If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
• Explanation: This always happens, every time you cross a dateline.

6. Let’s Practice:
• Use the conditions and results in the box to complete the phrases below.
Conditions: you've got a headache, you don't wear a helmet, she comes home very late,
you add sugar
Results: you get pink, the DVD player comes on, Butter melts, it scratches you,
1. If you mix red and white _________________________________
2. ____________________________________ if you leave it in the sun.
3. If ____________________________________ , take an aspirin.
4. If _____________________________________ , it tastes sweet.
5. If you pull a cat's tail, _______________________________ .
6. You can end up brain damaged if ______________________________
7. If you press this switch, ____________________________________
8. If ____________________________________ , her parents get very angry.

7. The First Conditional
The first conditional is a structure used for
talking about possibilities in the present or
in the future.

8. The structure of a first conditional sentence
• A first conditional sentence consists of
two clauses, an "if" clause and a main
clause:
• if clause+ main clause:
If you study hard, you will pass the test.

9. Comma?!
• If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually
used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no
need for a comma:
You will pass the test if you study hard.
We use different verb forms in each part of a first
conditional:
• if clause: if + subject + simple present verb
• main clause: subject + will + verb

10. Using the first conditional
• The first conditional is used to talk about things
which are possible in the present or the future
-- things which may happen :
• Example: If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.
• Explanation: Maybe it will be sunny -- that's
possible.
• Paula will be sad if Juan leaves.
Explanation: Maybe Juan will leave -- that's
possible.

11. Let’s Practice:
• If Clare ________ late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive)
• We ___________________ if the weather's good. (to go)
• They _____________ you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognize)
• If the bus ________________ on time, I won't miss the football match. (to be)
• We___________________ out if there's no food at home. (to eat)
• You'll find life much easier if you ____________ more often. (to smile)
• If it's hot, we___________________ for a swim. (to go)
• If she ___________________ practicing, she'll get better. (to keep)

12. Second Conditional
• The second conditional is a structure used for
talking about unreal situations in the present
or in the future.

13. The structure of a second conditional sentence
• if clause+ main clause
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big
house.

14. Comma?!
• main clause+ if clause
I would buy a big house if I had a million dollars.
We use different verb forms in each part of a second
conditional:
• if clause: if + subject + simple past verb*
• main clause: subject + would + verb*
Note that this "simple past" form is different from usual in
the case of the verb BE. Whatever the subject, the verb
form is "were", not "was":
If I were rich, I'd buy a big house.

15. Using the second conditional
• The second conditional is used to talk about things which
are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the
future -- things which don't or won't happen :
Examples:
• If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the
rain. (I am not you -- this is unreal )
• Paula would be sad if Jan left. (Jan will not leave
-- that's not going to happen )
• If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
(Dogs don't have wings)

16. Let’s Practice:
1. If Joe……….. (be) here, he …………(catch) some fish for
supper.
2. It …………(be) nice if the rain………… (stop)!
3. I ………….(sing) you a song if I ……..(have) my guitar.
4. If I …………(have) a better sleeping bag, I………. (not feel)
so cold.
5. I…….. (look) out for bears if I ……..(be) you!

17. Third Conditional
The third conditional is a structure used
for talking about unreal situations in
the past.

18. The structure of a third conditional sentence
• Like the other conditionals, a third
conditional sentence consists of two
clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:
• if clause +main clause
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed
the exam.
Explanation:
• I failed the exam, because I didn't study
hard enough.

19. Comma?!
(same as the other conditionals)
main clause+ if clause
• I probably would have passed the exam if I
had studied harder.

20. We use different verb forms in each
part of a third conditional:
if clause: if + subject + past perfect verb (HAD+P.P.)
main clause :subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past
participle
• Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Contracted form :If I'd studied harder, I’d have passed the exam.

21. Using the third conditional
The third conditional is used to talk
about things which DID NOT HAPPEN
in the past.
It is often used to express criticism or
regret:

22. Example
• If you had driven more carefully, you would
not have had an accident.
• Criticism: You had an accident because you
didn't drive carefully enough.

23. Example
• If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
• Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.

24. Let’s Practice:
1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.
If he ……………asleep while driving, he……………….. his car.
2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.
If we……………. enough money, we…………….. to the concert.
3. I lost my job because I was late for work.
I……………………. my job if I………………. late for work.
4. The wind was so strong that the bridge collapsed.
If the wind ………………so strong, the bridge…………………… .