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![Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case
Issues and Risks [1/2]
• Potential Proliferation of Required Identities & Credentials to Access Services
! Misbehaviours when handling credentials (writing down, reusing, sharing, etc.)
• Complexity in correctly “enabling” Information Flows across boundaries
! Security Threats
(Enterprise ! Cloud & Service Providers, Service Provider ! Service Provider, …_
• Propagation of Identity and Personal Information across Multiple Clouds/Services
! Privacy issues (e.g. compliance to multiple Legislations, Importance of Location, etc.)
! Exposure of business sensitive information
(employees’ identities, roles, organisational structures, enterprise apps/services, etc.)
! How to effectively Control this Data?
• Delegation of IAM and Data Management Processes to Cloud and Service Providers
! How to get Assurance that these Processes and Security Practice are Consistent with
Enterprise Policies?
- Recurrent problem for all Stakeholders: Enterprise, Cloud and Service Providers …
! Consistency and Integrity of User Accounts & Information across various Clouds/Services
! How to deal with overall Compliance and Governance issues?
The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/esciam20162-160227083224/85/IDENTITY-ACCESS-MANAGEMENT-72-320.jpg)
![Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case
Issues and Risks [2/2]
• Migration of Services between Cloud and Service Providers
! Management of Data Lifecycle
• Threats and Attacks in the Clouds and Cloud Services
! Cloud and Service Providers can be the “weakest links” in Security & Privacy
! Reliance on good security practice of Third Parties
The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/esciam20162-160227083224/85/IDENTITY-ACCESS-MANAGEMENT-73-320.jpg)
Uploaded byProf. Jacques Folon (Ph.D)
IDENTITY ACCESS MANAGEMENT
IAM refers to identity and access management. It involves managing user identities and access across various systems and applications. In cloud computing, IAM takes on additional considerations like managing access to cloud-based applications and services. Key aspects of IAM include provisioning and de-provisioning user accounts, authentication, authorization, role-based access controls, and auditing. IAM aims to bring order to complex identity and access environments while also improving security, compliance and user experience.
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IDENTITY ACCESS MANAGEMENT
- 1. CONTRACT LAW INIT Identity & access management Jacques Folon www.folon.com Partner Edge Consulting Maître de conférences Université de Liège Chargé de cours ICHEC Brussels Management School Professeur invité Université de Lorraine (Metz) ESC Rennes http://www.nyls.edu/institute_for_information_law_and_policy/conferences/visualizing_law_in_the_digital_age/
- 2. IAM 1. IAM? 2. Preset context? 3.IAM & cloud computing 4. Why is it useful and mandatory? 5. To do list 6. IAM & privacy 7. IAM & control 8. e-discovery 9. Conclusion
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- 5. 5 Questions toask your CISO
- 6. Q: What’s postedon this monitor? a – password to financial application b – phone messages c – to-do’s
- 7. Q: What determinesyour employee’s access? a – give Alice whatever Wally has b – roles, attributes, and requests c – whatever her manager says
- 8. Q: Who isthe most privileged user in your enterprise? a – security administrator b – CFO c – the summer intern who is now working for your competitor
- 9. Q: How secureis your identity data? a – It is in 18 different secured stores b – We protect the admin passwords c – Privacy? We don’t hold credit card numbers
- 10. Q: How muchare manual compliance controls costing your organization? a – nothing, no new headcount b – don’t ask c – don’t know
- 11. Today’s IT Challenges MoreAgile Business • More accessibility for employees, customers and partners • Higher level of B2B integrations • Faster reaction to changing requirements More Secured Business • Organized crime • Identity theft • Intellectual property theft • Constant global threats More Compliant Business • Increasing regulatory demands • Increasing privacy concerns • Business viability concerns
- 12. State Of SecurityIn Enterprise • Incomplete • Multiple point solutions from many vendors • Disparate technologies that don’t work together • Complex • Repeated point-to-point integrations • Mostly manual operations • ‘Non-compliant’ • Difficult to enforce consistent set of policies • Difficult to measure compliance with those policies
- 13. Identity Management Values •Trusted and reliable security • Efficient regulatory compliance • Lower administrative and development costs • Enable online business networks • Better end-user experience
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- 15. • IAM IS DEFINED BY THE BUSINESS (RH, SCM, ETC.) • AND •FOLLOWING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK • AND • TECHNICALLY IMPLEMENTED 16 IAM IS BUSINESS & ICT + LEGAL source clusif
- 16. 17 IAM INCLUDES • DATABASEOF ALL AND EVERY USER •DATABASE OF ALL TYPE OF PROFILES & ROLES •DEFINITION BEFOREHAND •DEFINE WICH ROLE FOR WICH EMPLOYEE •DEFINITION OF LOGIN & PASSWORDS •AUDIT •REPORTING •ACCESS CONTROL source clusif
- 17. • What is Identity Management ? “Identity management is the set of business processes, and a supporting infrastructure, for the creation, maintenance, and use of digital identities.” The Burton Group (a research firm specializing in IT infrastructure for the enterprise) •Identity Management in this sense is sometimes called “Identity and Access Management” (IAM) Définition
- 18. 19 Identity and AccessManagement is the process for managing the lifecycle of digital identities and access for people, systems and services. This includes: User Management – management of large, changing user populations along with delegated- and self-service administration. Access Management – allows applications to authenticate users and allow access to resources based upon policy. Provisioning and De-Provisioning – automates account propagation across applications and systems. Audit and Reporting – review access privileges, validate changes, and manage accountability. CA IAM : J. Tony Goulding CISSP, ITIL CA t ony.goulding@ca.com
- 19. IAM IN ESC… • “MY NAME IS JULIE AND I AM A STUDENT.” (Identity) • “this is my password.” (Authentification) • “I want an access to my account” (Authorization ok) • “I want to adapt my grade.” (Autorization rejected)
- 20. What are the questions ? • is this person the one she said she is? • Is she a member of our group ? •Did she receive the necessary authorization ? • Is data privacy OK?
- 21. Type of questions for a newcomer – Which kind of password? – Which activities are accepted? –Which are forbidden? – To which category this person belongs? – When do we have to give the authorization?? – What control do we need ? – Could we demonstrate in court our procedure?
- 22. 24 IAM triple A Authentication WHO ARE YOU? Authorization/ Access Control WHAT CAN YOU DO? Audit WHAT HAVE YOU DONE? 24
- 23. Components of IAM • Administration – User Management –Password Management – Workflow – Delegation • Access Management – Authentication – Authorization • Identity Management – Account Provisioning – Account Deprovisioning – Synchronisation Reliable Identity Data Administration Authorization Authentication Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki - Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd rafal@projectbotticelli.co.uk
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- 27. • Internet is based on IP identification • everybody has different profiles •Each platform has a different authentification system • Users are the weakest link • Cybercrime increases • Controls means identification • Data privacy imposes controls & security • e-discovery imposes ECM Welcome to a digital world
- 29. Explosion of IDs Pre 1980’s 1980’s 1990’s2000’s # of Digital IDs Time Applications Mainframe Client Server Internet Business Automation Company (B2E) Partners (B2B) Customers (B2C) Mobility Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki - Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd rafal@projectbotticelli.co.uk
- 30. The Disconnected Reality • “Identity Chaos” – Many users –Many ID – Many log in & passwords – Multiple repositories of identity information – Multiple user IDs, multiple passwords Enterprise Directory HR Infra Application Office In-House Application External app Finance employee Application •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data •Authorization •Identity Data •Authentication •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data •Authentication •Authorization •Identity Data Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki - Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd rafal@projectbotticelli.co.uk
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- 32. Trends Impacting Identity Increasing Threat Landscape Identity theft costs banks and credit card issuers $1.2 billion in 1 yr •$250billion lost from exposure of confidential info Maintenance Costs Dominate IT Budget On average employees need access to 16 apps and systems •Companies spend $20-30 per user per year for PW resets Deeper Line of Business Automation and Integration One half of all enterprises have SOA under development •Web services spending growing 45% Rising Tide of Regulation and Compliance SOX, HIPAA, GLB, Basel II, 21 CFR Part 11, … •$15.5 billion spend on compliance (analyst estimate) Data Sources: Gartner, AMR Research, IDC, eMarketer, U.S. Department. of Justice
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- 36. First, What the heckis Cloud Computing First, what the heck is Cloud Computing? …in simple, plain English please! Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 37. Let’s use asimple analogy Say you just moved to a city, and you’re looking for a nice place to live Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 38. You can either Builda house or Rent an apartment Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 39. If you builda house, there are a few important decisions you have to make… Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 40. How big isthe house? are you planning to grow a large family? Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 41. Remodel, addition typicallycost a lot more once the house is built Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 42. But, you geta chance to customize it Roof Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused
- 43. Once the houseis built, you’re responsible for maintenance Hire Landscaper Electrician Plumber Pay property tax Electricity Water Gutter Cleaning Heating and Cooling House Keeping Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
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- 45. Consider a builderin your city builds a Huge number of apartment units Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 46. A unit caneasily be converted into a 2,3,4 or more units Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 47. You make afewer, simpler decisions You can start with one unit and grow later, or downsize Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 48. But… You do not have alot of options to customize your unit Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confuse d http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 49. However, builders provideyou with very high quality infrastructure high speed Internet high capacity electricity triple pane windows green materials
- 50. No need toworry about maintenance Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 51. Just pay your rent andutilities Pay as You Go Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 52. Let’s translate to CloudComputing?
- 53. As an end-consumer,believe it or not you’ve been using Cloud for long times Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
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- 55. In return, you’rewilling to give away your information for ads and other purposes
- 56. But you’ve been enjoying HighReliability Service Limited Storage Connecting, Sharing
- 57. OK, Now tellthat to the business owner Give up your data, then you can use this infrastructure for free
- 58. Are You crazy? willanswer the CEO
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- 60. Building Enterprise Software Stone Wall Fire-proof Moat Army DeathHole is like….Building Medieval Castle Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 61. Let’s Hire anArmy of IT Engineers Software Upgrade Support Backup/Restore Service Pack Development Network issues Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 62. Let’s Build Huge Data Center CapacityPlanning Disaster Plan Cooling Management Server Crashes Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com
- 63. Your data isreplicated 3 or 4 times in their data center High Availability
- 64. Adding “servers” isa click away. Running in just minutes, not days HighTraffic?
- 65. It can evenload balance your server traffic
- 66. Expect your Cloud Network isalways up
- 67. Yes, you caneven pick where your data and “servers” reside Don’t forget data privacy issues
- 68. So we knowwhat Cloud is and the choice we have
- 69. Cloud Computing: Definition • No Unique Definition or General Consensus about what Cloud Computing is … • Different Perspectives & Focuses (Platform, SW, Service Levels…) •Flavours: – Computing and IT Resources Accessible Online – Dynamically Scalable Computing Power – Virtualization of Resources – Access to (potentially) Composable & Interchangeable Services – Abstraction of IT Infrastructure ! No need to understand its implementation: use Services & their APIs – Some current players, at the Infrastructure & Service Level: SalesfoRce.com, Google Apps, Amazon, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, HP, etc. The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009
- 70. Cloud Computing: Implications • Enterprise: Paradigm Shift from “Close & Controlled” IT Infrastructures and Services to Externally Provided Services and IT Infrastructures • Private User: Paradigm Shift from Accessing Static Set of Services to Dynamic & Composable Services •General Issues: – Potential Loss of Control (on Data, Infrastructure, Processes, etc.) – Data & Confidential Information Stored in The Clouds – Management of Identities and Access (IAM) in the Cloud – Compliance to Security Practice and Legislation – Privacy Management (Control, Consent, Revocation, etc.) – New Threat Environments – Reliability and Longevity of Cloud & Service Providers The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009
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- 73. Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case Issues and Risks [2/2] • Migration of Services between Cloud and Service Providers ! Management of Data Lifecycle • Threats and Attacks in the Clouds and Cloud Services ! Cloud and Service Providers can be the “weakest links” in Security & Privacy ! Reliance on good security practice of Third Parties The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Montmarco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009
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- 76. cost reduction • Directory Synchronization “Improved updating of user data: $185 per user/year” “Improved list management: $800 per list” - Giga Information Group • Password Management “Password reset costs range from $51 (best case) to $147 (worst case) for labor alone.” – Gartner •User Provisioning “Improved IT efficiency: $70,000 per year per 1,000 managed users” “Reduced help desk costs: $75 per user per year” - Giga Information Group
- 77. Can We Just Ignore It All? • Today, average corporate user spends 16 minutes a day logging on • A typical home user maintains 12-18 identities •Number of phishing sites grew over 1600% over the past year • Corporate IT Ops manage an average of 73 applications and 46 suppliers, often with individual directories • Regulators are becoming stricter about compliance and auditing • Orphaned accounts and identities lead to security problems Source: Microsoft’s internal research and Anti-phishing Working Group
- 78. IAM Benefits Benefits to takeyou forward (Strategic) Benefits today (Tactical) Save money and improve operational efficiency Improved time to deliver applications and service Enhance Security Regulatory Compliance and Audit New ways of working Improved time to market Closer Supplier, Customer, Partner and Employee relationships Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki - Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd rafal@projectbotticelli.co.uk
- 79. 5. IAM to do list • Automatic account management • Archiving •Data privacy • Compliance • Securiry VS Risks • user identification • E-business • M2M
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- 92. • limitation of control • Private email •penalties • who controls
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- 94. • technical security – Risk analysis –Back-up – desaster recovery – identity management – Strong login & passwords
- 95. • legal security – information in the employment contracts –Contracts with subcontractors – Code of conduct – Compliance – Control of the employees
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- 98. Definition of e-discovery • Electronic discovery (or e-discovery) refers to discovery in civil litigation which deals with information in electronic format also referred to as Electronically Stored Information (ESI). • It means the collection, preparation, review and production of electronic documents in litigation discovery. •Any process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a civil or criminal legal case • This includes e-mail, attachments, and other data stored on a computer, network, backup or other storage media. e- Discovery includes metadata.
- 99. Recommandations Organizations should update and/or create information management policies and procedures that include: – e-mail retention policies, On an individual level, employees tend to keep information on their hard drives “just in case” they might need it. – Work with users to rationalize their storage requirements and decrease their storage budget. –off-line and off-site data storage retention policies, – controls defining which users have access to which systems andunder what circumstances, – instructions for how and where users can store data, and • backup and recovery procedures. – Assessments or surveys should be done to identify business functions, data repositories, and the systems that support them. – Legal must be consulted. Organizations and their legal teams should work together to create and/or update their data retention policies and procedures for managing litigation holds.
- 100. 9. Conclusion • IAM is a legal question, not only business & IT • compliance is important •More security due to – Cloud computing – Virtualisation – Data privacy – archiving • Transparency • E-discovery
- 101. IAM could be an opportunity • Rethink security • risks reduction •costs reduction • precise roles & responsibilities
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