The document discusses several physical properties that can be used to identify substances: Density is the mass per unit volume and can be calculated using the formula density=mass/volume. Melting and boiling points refer to the phases of matter - solid, liquid, gas - and the energy absorbed or released during phase changes. Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance and can be measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius. Solubility measures how much of a substance dissolves in another substance, such as sugar dissolving in water to form a solution.