2. WHAT IS MATTER?
MATTER is defined as anything that occupies space and
has mass.
Properties of matter can be divided in two ways:
physical/chemical.
Physical properties can be measured without
changing the chemical's identity. The freezing point of a
substance is physical. When water freezes, it's still H2O.
Chemical properties deal with how one chemical
reacts with another. We know that wood is flammable
because it becomes heat, ash, and carbon dioxide when
heated in the presence of oxygen.
3. Physical properties of matter are categorized
as either Intensive or Extensive:
Intensive - Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter
present.
Color
Odor
Luster - How shiny a substance is.
Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires.
Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or
electricity.
Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.
Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid
phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is
equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure).
Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume
4. EXTENSIVE
Extensive - Properties that do depend on the amount of matter
present.
Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object
(grams).
Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction
of the earth acting on an object.
Volume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance
occupies.
Length
5. Physical Change: Change in which the matter's physical
appearance is altered, but composition remains unchanged.
(Change in state of matter)
Three main states of matter
Solid is distinguished by a fixed structure. Its shape and
volume do not change. In a solid, atoms are tightly packed
together in a fixed arrangement.
Liquid is distinguished by its malleable shape (is able to form
into the shape of its container), but constant volume. In a
liquid, atoms are close together but not in a fixed arrangement.
Gas is made up of atoms that are separate. However, unlike
solid & liquid, a gas has no fixed shape and volume.
6.
7. EXAMPLE
When liquid water (H2O) freezes into a solid state
(ice), it appears changed; However, this change is
only physical as the composition of the constituent
molecules is the same: 11.19% hydrogen and 88.81%
oxygen by mass.
8. Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Property: Any characteristic that gives a
sample of matter the ability/inability to undergo a
change that alters its composition. Examples: Alkali
metals react with water; Paper's ability to burn.
Chemical Change: Change in which one or more
kinds of matter are transformed to new kinds of
matter with altered compositions (or Chemical
Reaction).
