1. Physical
Properties of
Matter
-Phases of Matter
-Heat Energy
-Phase Changes
-Melting and Boiling Point
-Volume and Mass
-Density
-Thermal Expansion
-Solubility
-Heat and Electrical Conductivity
2. Phases of Matter
The most common phases of matter
are solid, liquid, and gas phases.
Solids have a definite shape, but no
definite volume
Liquids have a definite volume, but no
definite shape
Gases don’t have a definite volume or
shape
3. Heat Energy
Energy that makes particles of matter
move faster is heat energy
The more heat energy an object has
obtained, the faster its particles will move
Temperature is the amount of heat
energy an object has
The relationship between temperature,
heat energy, and matter is how phase
changes occur
4. Phase Changes
When heat energy moves into a solid, eventually the
motion of the particles will overcome the attraction they
share and the solid will melt into a liquid. However, these
particles are still attracted to each other.
When more heat is added to the newly formed liquid,
particles will move even faster, escape, and the liquid
will change into a gas. This is called vaporization.
Phase changes are reversible. Condensation is when a
gas phases back into a liquid.
Sublimation is when a substance changes from a solid
to a gas, skipping the liquid phase.
Deposition is when gas particles become solid without
becoming a liquid first. An example of this is dry ice,
frozen carbon dioxide.
5. Melting and Boiling Points
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid
becomes a liquid.
Water has a melting point of 0˚ Celsius; Iron has a
melting point of 1538˚ Celsius.
Nitrogen melts at -210˚ Celsius.
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance
changes phase from liquid to gas. As more heat energy
is put into a liquid, particles move faster and exert a
pressure called vapor pressure. When the vapor
pressure is equal to the air pressure the liquid starts
boiling and the particles escape from the liquid and
become a gas.
6. Volume and Mass
Volume is the amount of space an object
occupies. It is usually measured in cm 3 or mL.
Mass is the amount of matter that makes up an
object. It is usually measured in grams or
kilograms. The mass of an object depends on the
number and types of particles it contains.
Volume
measured in
cubic
centimeters
7. Density
Density = mass
volume
Thedensity of an object depends on an
objects mass and volume.
8. Thermal Expansion
During phase changes, the mass of a
substance stays constant but it’s volume
may change.
Most solids and liquids increase in volume
as they heat up and thermal expansion
occurs.
When a substance vaporizes from a liquid
to as a gas, its volume increases immensly.
9. Solubility
A solute is a substance that is dissolved. A solvent
is the substance that dissolves the other.
If the particles from the solvent are evenly
distributed throughout the solute, then a solution is
formed.
Solubility is the degree of which a solute will
dissolve into a solid
10. Heat and Electrical
Conductivity
Conductivity is a substance’s ability to
transport heat or electrical energy from
one destination to another.
If a substance has high conductivity, heat
and electrical energy will pass through it
quickly, like most metals.
