The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in the g...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
11.[44 56]growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure applicatio...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. The results showed that applying poultry manure at 150 kg N/ha produced the tallest plants, though not significantly different from 300 kg N/ha. Both organic treatments led to taller plants than mineral fertilizer. Applying the combination of 150 kg poultry manure and 150 kg mineral fertilizer per hectare resulted in the highest tomato yield and number of tomatoes harvested, followed by 75 kg of each fertilizer per hectare. Increasing the mineral fertilizer rate above 150 kg N/ha actually decreased tomato yield. Overall
11.growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in th...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of time of application and rates on the
performance of performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on July and November 2013 at Lapai (9o
2' N and 6o34'E) and Mokwa (9o 8'N and 5o4'E) in the southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria, The
experiments consisted of three (3) levels of poultry manure application time (two weeks before planting, at
planting and two week after planting) and four (4) levels of poultry manure application rates(0, 5, 10 and 15
t ha-1). The experiments were laid out as a 3 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design. Data
collected include plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of branches fruit weight, pod length, pod
diameter and cumulative yield. The result showed that the application of poultry manure two weeks before
planting significantly produced taller okra plants, higher number of leaves, wider leaf area and more okra
branches than other treatments in the two locations in 2013 cropping season. Fruit characteristic results
followed the same trends. In the case of the poultry manure rate, the application of 10 t ha-1significantly
produced taller okra plant, higher number of leaves, wider leaf area and more okra branches than other
treatments in the two locations in 2013 cropping season. The application of 15 t ha-1 was comparable to 10 t
ha-1 but significantly different from 5 t ha-1 and no application in the two locations in 2013 cropping season.
This result therefore recommended that poultry manure should be applied at least two weeks before planting
at 10 t ha-1
Density and N rate effects on NUE in Maizeiciampit
1. The study examined the effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on maize leaf area, nitrogen uptake, and yield.
2. It found that the ratio of nitrogen uptake to leaf area decreased with lower nitrogen rates and higher plant densities.
3. Pre-silking stem nitrogen uptake and leaf area index at the R1 growth stage were identified as important parameters for predicting yield response to nitrogen, regardless of plant density or hybrid.
1) The study found that sowing wheat on November 20th and applying 120 kg of nitrogen, 60 kg of phosphorus, and 60 kg of potassium per hectare led to the highest growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Grain yield decreased with later sowing dates.
2) Plant height, tillers, dry matter, and grain/ear were highest under the earliest sowing date of November 20th compared to December 6th and 23rd.
3) Highest grain yield of 3.66 tonnes/hectare was from the November 20th sowing, while the December 23rd sowing yielded 3.17 tonnes/hectare, the lowest amount.
Genome-wide association mapping of canopy wilting in diverse soybean genotypesAvjinder (Avi) Kaler
Genome-wide association analysis identified 61 SNP markers for canopy wilting, which likely tagged 51 different loci. Based on the allelic effects of the significant SNPs, the slowest and fastest wilting genotypes were identified.
Indirect selection for resistance to Alectra vogelii (benth) infestation in c...IJEAB
Alectra vogelii (benth) is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpeas (VignaunguiculataWalp) in most of the sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of Alectra vogelii infestation on yield components of cowpea and the prospects of utilizing these components for indirect select to A. vogelii in resistance breeding. Seven genotypes of cowpea were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals and their 21 F2 progeny including parents were evaluated for reaction to Alectra vogelii infection at two locations, Ilonga and Hombolo. The experiments were laid using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant (P < 0.001) genotypic responses to Alectra emergency and infestation were found. A significance negative correlation was found between the Alectra emergency and infestation to yield and yield components (P< 0.01 and P< 0.001). However, both yield components (Number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight) tested exhibited a weak r2 value (< 0.25) implying that these components can only be used to supplement and not as a substitute to direct selection in breeding for resistance to A. vogelii.
Growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in the g...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
11.[44 56]growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure applicatio...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. The results showed that applying poultry manure at 150 kg N/ha produced the tallest plants, though not significantly different from 300 kg N/ha. Both organic treatments led to taller plants than mineral fertilizer. Applying the combination of 150 kg poultry manure and 150 kg mineral fertilizer per hectare resulted in the highest tomato yield and number of tomatoes harvested, followed by 75 kg of each fertilizer per hectare. Increasing the mineral fertilizer rate above 150 kg N/ha actually decreased tomato yield. Overall
11.growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in th...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of time of application and rates on the
performance of performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on July and November 2013 at Lapai (9o
2' N and 6o34'E) and Mokwa (9o 8'N and 5o4'E) in the southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria, The
experiments consisted of three (3) levels of poultry manure application time (two weeks before planting, at
planting and two week after planting) and four (4) levels of poultry manure application rates(0, 5, 10 and 15
t ha-1). The experiments were laid out as a 3 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design. Data
collected include plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of branches fruit weight, pod length, pod
diameter and cumulative yield. The result showed that the application of poultry manure two weeks before
planting significantly produced taller okra plants, higher number of leaves, wider leaf area and more okra
branches than other treatments in the two locations in 2013 cropping season. Fruit characteristic results
followed the same trends. In the case of the poultry manure rate, the application of 10 t ha-1significantly
produced taller okra plant, higher number of leaves, wider leaf area and more okra branches than other
treatments in the two locations in 2013 cropping season. The application of 15 t ha-1 was comparable to 10 t
ha-1 but significantly different from 5 t ha-1 and no application in the two locations in 2013 cropping season.
This result therefore recommended that poultry manure should be applied at least two weeks before planting
at 10 t ha-1
Density and N rate effects on NUE in Maizeiciampit
1. The study examined the effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on maize leaf area, nitrogen uptake, and yield.
2. It found that the ratio of nitrogen uptake to leaf area decreased with lower nitrogen rates and higher plant densities.
3. Pre-silking stem nitrogen uptake and leaf area index at the R1 growth stage were identified as important parameters for predicting yield response to nitrogen, regardless of plant density or hybrid.
1) The study found that sowing wheat on November 20th and applying 120 kg of nitrogen, 60 kg of phosphorus, and 60 kg of potassium per hectare led to the highest growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Grain yield decreased with later sowing dates.
2) Plant height, tillers, dry matter, and grain/ear were highest under the earliest sowing date of November 20th compared to December 6th and 23rd.
3) Highest grain yield of 3.66 tonnes/hectare was from the November 20th sowing, while the December 23rd sowing yielded 3.17 tonnes/hectare, the lowest amount.
Genome-wide association mapping of canopy wilting in diverse soybean genotypesAvjinder (Avi) Kaler
Genome-wide association analysis identified 61 SNP markers for canopy wilting, which likely tagged 51 different loci. Based on the allelic effects of the significant SNPs, the slowest and fastest wilting genotypes were identified.
Indirect selection for resistance to Alectra vogelii (benth) infestation in c...IJEAB
Alectra vogelii (benth) is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpeas (VignaunguiculataWalp) in most of the sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of Alectra vogelii infestation on yield components of cowpea and the prospects of utilizing these components for indirect select to A. vogelii in resistance breeding. Seven genotypes of cowpea were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals and their 21 F2 progeny including parents were evaluated for reaction to Alectra vogelii infection at two locations, Ilonga and Hombolo. The experiments were laid using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant (P < 0.001) genotypic responses to Alectra emergency and infestation were found. A significance negative correlation was found between the Alectra emergency and infestation to yield and yield components (P< 0.01 and P< 0.001). However, both yield components (Number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight) tested exhibited a weak r2 value (< 0.25) implying that these components can only be used to supplement and not as a substitute to direct selection in breeding for resistance to A. vogelii.
Dry matter accumulation in maize as influenced by rowAlexander Decker
1) A field experiment was conducted over 3 years in Nigeria to evaluate the effects of different row arrangements (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 maize to castor), nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha), and phosphorus levels (13, 26, 39 kg/ha) on dry matter accumulation in maize.
2) Results showed that a 1:2 row arrangement increased plant height and leaf area index compared to other arrangements. Increasing nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha increased plant height, leaf area index, and total dry matter, except at some time periods. Increasing phosphorus increased some parameters but responses plateaued at 26 kg/ha.
3
Rice Root physiology work at CIAT: Identification of ideal root system to imp...CIAT
This document summarizes Satoshi Ogawa's research on identifying ideal rice root systems to improve water and nitrogen uptake under stress conditions. It discusses how the DRO1 gene enables deeper rooting and improved grain yield under drought. Field experiments show that a dimorphic root system contributes to higher nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield under nitrogen deficiency compared to monomorphic roots. Quantitative trait loci analysis identified root trait QTLs from Oryza rufipogon, including several co-locating QTLs for root traits and nitrogen deficiency tolerance on chromosome 1. The goal is to develop an ideal root system through QTL pyramiding to enhance water and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.
Sugarcane yield and plant nutrient response to sulfur amended everglades hist...Avjinder (Avi) Kaler
This study evaluated the effects of elemental sulfur application rates and calcium carbonate levels on sugarcane yield, plant nutrients, and soil pH in Everglades Histosols. Four sulfur rates and three calcium carbonate levels were tested in a factorial experiment. Leaf samples were taken twice during the growing season and analyzed for nutrient concentrations. At harvest, sugarcane yield components were measured. Results showed that sulfur amendment and calcium carbonate levels had limited effects on yield, leaf nutrients, and soil pH. Most leaf nutrients were within optimum ranges except for nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and manganese. Soil pH, phosphorus, and manganese concentrations were important predictors of sugarcane yield.
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Nutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular Mechanism and AdvancesAmandeep Kaur
Nutrient use efficiency is important for sustainable crop production as global crop demand increases. Nutrient use efficiency refers to a plant's ability to acquire and utilize nutrients for growth. It can be improved through agronomic practices, molecular breeding, and biotechnology approaches. Recent research has identified genes and molecular mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency. For example, the DEP1 gene regulates rice growth responses to nitrogen by controlling cell division and plays a role in nitrogen metabolism and uptake. While knowledge and tools are available, improving nutrient use efficiency remains complex due to its integration with multiple biological processes.
11.response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates of appl...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. Seven phosphorus rates ranging from 0 to 120 kg/ha were applied. Across both locations and years, phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control. The highest cob weights and grain yields were obtained from application rates of 100-120 kg/ha. Specifically, 100 kg/ha of P was found to provide optimum maize yields of 5.40 and 5.51 tons/ha in the Anyigba soils over two years. In the Ofere soils, the optimum yield of
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
This document summarizes a research project on climate change mitigation and adaptation in dairy production systems in the Great Lakes region. It involves researchers from 13 institutions studying ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt dairy farming to climate change through changes to cow feeding, manure management, and crop production. They are evaluating these practices using models and field trials to identify the most effective strategies to lower emissions and increase farm profitability. A key outcome is education of students through the transformation of a Milwaukee high school into one focused on agricultural sciences.
Influence of fertilizers on incidence and severity of early blight and late b...Innspub Net
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.
Credit of peanut to subsequent wheat under desert farming conditions in prese...IJAEMSJORNAL
Rotation with leguminous crops to break non-legume monocultures has been established to benefit the latter. The lacking information on this cultivation system in stressed environments encouraged the implementation of two field trials in two different locations of Ismailia desert soils. The experimental design included the cultivation of wheat subsequent to peanut in presence of diazotroph inoculation and N fertilization. Bradyrhizobial inoculation of the legume in combination with 50 kg N acre-1 resulted in the highest total biological yields of 4.24 and 5.01 kg plot-1 at the experimental sites 1 and 2, respective seed yields of 1.46 and 1.61 kg pot-1 were recorded. In case of the cereal crop, the measured acetylene reducing activities in soils of associative diazotroph-inoculated plants together with 50 kg N acre-1 were the highest being 515.8-886.2 and 616.7-1066.2 nmoles C2H4 g-1 h-1 at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The enzymatic activity of fallow-cultivated wheat generally represented ca. 95 % of that in subsequent to peanut. Irrespective of inoculation and N fertilization, the wheat biomass yield increases in residual effect-field over the fallow one were 6.4-35.1 % and 4.6-38.5 % at experimental sites 1 and 2 respectively. Increase percentages of 3.1-26.6 and 6.9-44.7 were scored as well for grain yield. The beneficial residual effect of the legume to the succeeding cereal was also extended to protein yields, increases of 4.0-14.2 % and 4.5-7.6 % were estimated for grain protein as well as 8.3-24.1 % and 8.1-35.3 % for straw protein yield. The findings of this study proved that the positively yield turnover of a legume is extended to the subsequent non-legume. Besides, the beneficial residual effects of legumes toward rotated non legumes could be magnified by diazotroph inoculation together with adequate N supply particularly in stressed environments represented, in the present study, by Ismailia sandy soil.
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and ...ExternalEvents
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to
increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice" presentation by Sibin Yu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for growing rice that modifies standard practices to improve yields. SRI involves changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to support larger, more extensive root systems and promote soil biota. This agroecological management improves the growing environment and yields better rice phenotypes from any genotype using less water, seeds, and other inputs. SRI has led to increased yields of 50-100% or more in many countries along with other benefits like water savings, increased resistance to stresses, and reduced costs, methane emissions, and environmental impacts.
Climate Smart Livestock Production, by Dr Adil Rasool ParayAdil Rasool Paray
Climate smart livestock production aims to sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, reduce greenhouse gases, and achieve food security. Livestock accounts for 40% of global agricultural GDP and emits about 12-18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. As the world population grows, demand for livestock products is projected to more than double by 2050. Climate change negatively impacts livestock through increased heat stress, changing feed availability, and disease emergence. Impacts include reduced intake, reproduction and immunity, posing challenges to global food security. Adaptation strategies are needed to ensure sustainable livestock production.
Influence of compost prepared from household waste and poultry manure in comp...Nii Korley Kortei
The document discusses a study on the effects of different compost and soil mixtures on the growth and yield of lettuce. Compost was prepared from household waste and poultry manure. Treatments included various mixtures of compost and soil, as well as poultry manure, mineral fertilizer, and a control of 100% soil. The mixtures had significant effects on growth parameters like plant height and canopy spread, and yield parameters. The 75% soil and 25% compost mixture performed best overall in terms of growth and yield, while the 100% soil control performed worst. Compost-containing mixtures generally performed better than the control.
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...IOSRJAVS
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Enhancing the roles of ecosystem services in agriculture: agroecological prin...FAO
Presentation from Etienne Hainzelin from CIRAD, describing the principles of agroecological systems and the role of research within these. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
This document discusses ways to promote on-farm biodiversity. It finds that agricultural intensification has led to widespread declines in farmland species. Organic farming supports 30% more species than conventional farms, especially for plants. The most effective ways to promote biodiversity include using hedgerows, non-crop habitat, and supporting pollinators through limiting insecticides and planting diverse flowers. However, the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions are complex. While greater predator diversity can suppress pests, the economic benefits of pollinator diversity are unclear.
Authors: Norman Uphoff, Vasilia Fasoula, Iswandi Anas, Amir Kassam and A.K. Thakur
Title: Improving the Phenotypic Expression of Rice Genotypes: Reasons to Rethink Selection Practices and ‘Intensification’ for Rice Production Systems
Oral presentation at: The 4th International Rice Congress
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 31, 2014
Correlation Coefficients Between Kernel Yield And Other Characters Of Groundn...IJRES Journal
Field Trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria to assess the performance of 36 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The trial was undertaken in a field that was naturally infested with Alectra. It was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The combined data of the two years showed that kernel yield exhibited significantly positive correlation with crop vigour at 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). Crop vigour 12 WAS, Alectra shoots population 9 WAS, Alectra shoots population 12 WAS, number of mature pods, shelling percentage, haulm yield and 100 – kernel weight (r = 0.168*, 0.197**, 0.227**, 0.253**, 0.695**, 0.332**, 0.399** and 0.537** respectively). Plant vigour 12 WAS related strongly positive to number of mature pods and shelling percentage (r = 0.199**m 0.150* respectively). Also kernel weight correlated significantly positive with Alectra shoots population at 12WAS, shelling percentage and haulm yield (r = 0.351**, 0.254**, 0.567** respectively).
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Dry matter accumulation in maize as influenced by rowAlexander Decker
1) A field experiment was conducted over 3 years in Nigeria to evaluate the effects of different row arrangements (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 maize to castor), nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha), and phosphorus levels (13, 26, 39 kg/ha) on dry matter accumulation in maize.
2) Results showed that a 1:2 row arrangement increased plant height and leaf area index compared to other arrangements. Increasing nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha increased plant height, leaf area index, and total dry matter, except at some time periods. Increasing phosphorus increased some parameters but responses plateaued at 26 kg/ha.
3
Rice Root physiology work at CIAT: Identification of ideal root system to imp...CIAT
This document summarizes Satoshi Ogawa's research on identifying ideal rice root systems to improve water and nitrogen uptake under stress conditions. It discusses how the DRO1 gene enables deeper rooting and improved grain yield under drought. Field experiments show that a dimorphic root system contributes to higher nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield under nitrogen deficiency compared to monomorphic roots. Quantitative trait loci analysis identified root trait QTLs from Oryza rufipogon, including several co-locating QTLs for root traits and nitrogen deficiency tolerance on chromosome 1. The goal is to develop an ideal root system through QTL pyramiding to enhance water and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.
Sugarcane yield and plant nutrient response to sulfur amended everglades hist...Avjinder (Avi) Kaler
This study evaluated the effects of elemental sulfur application rates and calcium carbonate levels on sugarcane yield, plant nutrients, and soil pH in Everglades Histosols. Four sulfur rates and three calcium carbonate levels were tested in a factorial experiment. Leaf samples were taken twice during the growing season and analyzed for nutrient concentrations. At harvest, sugarcane yield components were measured. Results showed that sulfur amendment and calcium carbonate levels had limited effects on yield, leaf nutrients, and soil pH. Most leaf nutrients were within optimum ranges except for nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and manganese. Soil pH, phosphorus, and manganese concentrations were important predictors of sugarcane yield.
Germination percentage and growing behavior of Salix tetrasperma (Willow) as ...Innspub Net
Propagation through branch cuttings is one of the best methods to produced tree nursery the yield of the tree produced from a cutting can be higher then a tree produced from seedlings, the conditions provided to them are important factor for getting good results. The aim of this study was to find the best size of cuttings for establishment of nursery and also to compare their performance in open air or in artificial conditions under plastic sheets cuttings of 2 inches, 4 and 6 of Salix tetrasperma were raised in plastic bags of size 3x7 their were three treatments with 25 bags in each and replicated 4 times. The data on sprouting percentage, plant height, root development etc was recorded after every two weeks. The data thus collected was analyzed statically using randomized complete block design. Result showed that cutting of 2 inches has high sprouting percentage and growth behavior as compared to other cuttings. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Nutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular Mechanism and AdvancesAmandeep Kaur
Nutrient use efficiency is important for sustainable crop production as global crop demand increases. Nutrient use efficiency refers to a plant's ability to acquire and utilize nutrients for growth. It can be improved through agronomic practices, molecular breeding, and biotechnology approaches. Recent research has identified genes and molecular mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency. For example, the DEP1 gene regulates rice growth responses to nitrogen by controlling cell division and plays a role in nitrogen metabolism and uptake. While knowledge and tools are available, improving nutrient use efficiency remains complex due to its integration with multiple biological processes.
11.response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates of appl...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. Seven phosphorus rates ranging from 0 to 120 kg/ha were applied. Across both locations and years, phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control. The highest cob weights and grain yields were obtained from application rates of 100-120 kg/ha. Specifically, 100 kg/ha of P was found to provide optimum maize yields of 5.40 and 5.51 tons/ha in the Anyigba soils over two years. In the Ofere soils, the optimum yield of
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
This document summarizes a research project on climate change mitigation and adaptation in dairy production systems in the Great Lakes region. It involves researchers from 13 institutions studying ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt dairy farming to climate change through changes to cow feeding, manure management, and crop production. They are evaluating these practices using models and field trials to identify the most effective strategies to lower emissions and increase farm profitability. A key outcome is education of students through the transformation of a Milwaukee high school into one focused on agricultural sciences.
Influence of fertilizers on incidence and severity of early blight and late b...Innspub Net
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.
Credit of peanut to subsequent wheat under desert farming conditions in prese...IJAEMSJORNAL
Rotation with leguminous crops to break non-legume monocultures has been established to benefit the latter. The lacking information on this cultivation system in stressed environments encouraged the implementation of two field trials in two different locations of Ismailia desert soils. The experimental design included the cultivation of wheat subsequent to peanut in presence of diazotroph inoculation and N fertilization. Bradyrhizobial inoculation of the legume in combination with 50 kg N acre-1 resulted in the highest total biological yields of 4.24 and 5.01 kg plot-1 at the experimental sites 1 and 2, respective seed yields of 1.46 and 1.61 kg pot-1 were recorded. In case of the cereal crop, the measured acetylene reducing activities in soils of associative diazotroph-inoculated plants together with 50 kg N acre-1 were the highest being 515.8-886.2 and 616.7-1066.2 nmoles C2H4 g-1 h-1 at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The enzymatic activity of fallow-cultivated wheat generally represented ca. 95 % of that in subsequent to peanut. Irrespective of inoculation and N fertilization, the wheat biomass yield increases in residual effect-field over the fallow one were 6.4-35.1 % and 4.6-38.5 % at experimental sites 1 and 2 respectively. Increase percentages of 3.1-26.6 and 6.9-44.7 were scored as well for grain yield. The beneficial residual effect of the legume to the succeeding cereal was also extended to protein yields, increases of 4.0-14.2 % and 4.5-7.6 % were estimated for grain protein as well as 8.3-24.1 % and 8.1-35.3 % for straw protein yield. The findings of this study proved that the positively yield turnover of a legume is extended to the subsequent non-legume. Besides, the beneficial residual effects of legumes toward rotated non legumes could be magnified by diazotroph inoculation together with adequate N supply particularly in stressed environments represented, in the present study, by Ismailia sandy soil.
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and ...ExternalEvents
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to
increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice" presentation by Sibin Yu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for growing rice that modifies standard practices to improve yields. SRI involves changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to support larger, more extensive root systems and promote soil biota. This agroecological management improves the growing environment and yields better rice phenotypes from any genotype using less water, seeds, and other inputs. SRI has led to increased yields of 50-100% or more in many countries along with other benefits like water savings, increased resistance to stresses, and reduced costs, methane emissions, and environmental impacts.
Climate Smart Livestock Production, by Dr Adil Rasool ParayAdil Rasool Paray
Climate smart livestock production aims to sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, reduce greenhouse gases, and achieve food security. Livestock accounts for 40% of global agricultural GDP and emits about 12-18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. As the world population grows, demand for livestock products is projected to more than double by 2050. Climate change negatively impacts livestock through increased heat stress, changing feed availability, and disease emergence. Impacts include reduced intake, reproduction and immunity, posing challenges to global food security. Adaptation strategies are needed to ensure sustainable livestock production.
Influence of compost prepared from household waste and poultry manure in comp...Nii Korley Kortei
The document discusses a study on the effects of different compost and soil mixtures on the growth and yield of lettuce. Compost was prepared from household waste and poultry manure. Treatments included various mixtures of compost and soil, as well as poultry manure, mineral fertilizer, and a control of 100% soil. The mixtures had significant effects on growth parameters like plant height and canopy spread, and yield parameters. The 75% soil and 25% compost mixture performed best overall in terms of growth and yield, while the 100% soil control performed worst. Compost-containing mixtures generally performed better than the control.
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...IOSRJAVS
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Enhancing the roles of ecosystem services in agriculture: agroecological prin...FAO
Presentation from Etienne Hainzelin from CIRAD, describing the principles of agroecological systems and the role of research within these. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
This document discusses ways to promote on-farm biodiversity. It finds that agricultural intensification has led to widespread declines in farmland species. Organic farming supports 30% more species than conventional farms, especially for plants. The most effective ways to promote biodiversity include using hedgerows, non-crop habitat, and supporting pollinators through limiting insecticides and planting diverse flowers. However, the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions are complex. While greater predator diversity can suppress pests, the economic benefits of pollinator diversity are unclear.
Authors: Norman Uphoff, Vasilia Fasoula, Iswandi Anas, Amir Kassam and A.K. Thakur
Title: Improving the Phenotypic Expression of Rice Genotypes: Reasons to Rethink Selection Practices and ‘Intensification’ for Rice Production Systems
Oral presentation at: The 4th International Rice Congress
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 31, 2014
Correlation Coefficients Between Kernel Yield And Other Characters Of Groundn...IJRES Journal
Field Trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria to assess the performance of 36 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The trial was undertaken in a field that was naturally infested with Alectra. It was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The combined data of the two years showed that kernel yield exhibited significantly positive correlation with crop vigour at 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). Crop vigour 12 WAS, Alectra shoots population 9 WAS, Alectra shoots population 12 WAS, number of mature pods, shelling percentage, haulm yield and 100 – kernel weight (r = 0.168*, 0.197**, 0.227**, 0.253**, 0.695**, 0.332**, 0.399** and 0.537** respectively). Plant vigour 12 WAS related strongly positive to number of mature pods and shelling percentage (r = 0.199**m 0.150* respectively). Also kernel weight correlated significantly positive with Alectra shoots population at 12WAS, shelling percentage and haulm yield (r = 0.351**, 0.254**, 0.567** respectively).
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This study used latent class analysis to examine survey responses from a nationally representative sample of 7th graders in the US about their science attitudes, perceptions of teacher support, and later STEM career attainment. The analysis identified four latent classes: 1) students who found science useful and felt teacher encouragement, 2) students who found science useful but did not feel teacher encouragement, 3) students who did not find science useful but felt some teacher encouragement, and 4) students who did not find science useful and did not feel teacher encouragement. Students in the first two classes were twice as likely to enter STEM careers compared to the last two classes, indicating the importance of both positive science attitudes and perceived teacher support.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a research study that modeled and simulated a three-dimensionally braided composite using finite element analysis software. Key points:
- A four-step braided composite micromechanical model was modeled and its mechanical properties analyzed under varying parameters like braiding angle and fiber volume fraction.
- The elastic constants of the composite against the parameters were calculated and their relationships analyzed based on the simulation results.
- It was found that the through-thickness stiffness and strength of the 3D braided composite increased with reinforcement along the thickness direction. The elastic constants also decreased with increasing braiding angle.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes and compares different heuristic methods for allocating resources in housing construction projects. It analyzes six heuristic models - minimum slack, greatest resource utilization, greatest resource demand, most possible jobs, shortest processing time, and total resource usage - using data from 10 housing projects. The models are compared based on project time overrun and average resource utilization. Total resource usage heuristic allocates resources in full or part at each time period, carrying unfinished work to the next period. While minimum slack heuristic often performs best, no single heuristic is best for all projects. The document aims to evaluate which heuristic provides the optimal resource allocation with minimal time and cost overruns.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Direct and Indirect Contributions of Yield Attributes to the Kernel Yield of ...IJRES Journal
Field trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria to assess the reaction of 36 groundnut genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The research field was naturally infested with Alectra. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The path coefficient analysis of the yield attributes showed that number of pods plant-1 exhibited the highest percentage yield contribution of 41.46% to kernel yield. This was followed by 100 kernel weight which contributed 13.80%. The highest combined contribution of 6.23% came from 100 kernel weight and haulm yield. The residual contribution was 23, 24%.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
This study evaluated 12 durum wheat genotypes for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and related traits under two nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The experiment was conducted in Ethiopia in 2009. The highest NUE traits were found in genotype Asassa, while Yerer showed the lowest. All NUE traits responded negatively to increased nitrogen fertilizer rate. Genetic variability existed between genotypes for NUE traits. Heritability of NUE traits was low, suggesting difficulty in direct selection and greater environmental influence. Indirect selection using correlated high heritability traits may be better to improve NUE.
The comparative efficiency of organic and synthetic fertilizers were studied on maize and cowpea, two staple
Nigerian crops. Chemical fertilizer did not support yield as much as poultry manure (PM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi(AMF), individual or in a combined state. The combination of PM and AMF was the best application expressing
yield in form of shoot productivity. Glomus clarum was a good fertilizing candidate in this study
A field experiments were conducted for two year (2011and 2012) at Areka Agricultural Research Center, in the South Region of Ethiopia to evaluate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to N and P fertilizers. Four levels of N (18, 27, 36 and 45 kg N/ ha) and three levels of P (46, 69 and 92 kg P2O5 /ha) with control were arranged in RCBD with three replications. Application of nitrogen increased significantly grain yield of common bean up to 116% than the control. And phosphorus application at a rate of 69 kg P2O5/ha increased significantly grain yield by 113% than control. The highest grain yield was obtained by the application of 45 kg N /ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha, though 45 kg N /ha rate had not cause statistically significant different grain yield than the preceding lower rates (36 and 27 kg N/ha). The economic analysis also supported that the highest net benefit of 23,110 Ethiopian Birr ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 1270% was obtained by the application of 27 kg N/ha. Net benefit of 21,070 ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 80% were obtained by the application of 69 kgP2O5/ha. As a result, a combined application of 27 kg N/ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha are optimum and economical for better common bean production at Areka and similar areas.
Variation in grain yield and other agronomic traits in soybean Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the results of an experiment evaluating 25 soybean varieties in Makurdi, Nigeria with the goal of identifying high-yielding varieties to replace the popular variety TGX 1448-2E. Significant differences were found between varieties for traits like days to flowering, maturity, plant height, pod number, yield, and more. Seven varieties - TGX1990-98F, TGX1991-10F, TGX1990-86F, UG5, TGX1485-1D, TGX1990-48F and TGX1990-80F - yielded higher than TGX 1448-2E and were identified as possible replacements, requiring further testing across more locations.
Effect of different Mulching Materials on the Yield of Quality Protein Maize ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Field research was conducted on the effects of different mulching materials on the yield of Quantity protein maize which include polythene sheet, dry grasses and control. The different mulching materials were tested on nine (9) ridges each measuring 10m. The research was laid out in a completely randomized block design each treatment replicated three times. The parameters measured include weight of cobs, weight of 100grain, and total grain, there was no statistical difference in the weight cobs among all the treatments, similarly, there was also no statistical different in the weight of 100 grain. As far the weight of grain per 5m 2 there was a significant difference among the treatments with polythene sheet covered plots that have 0.25kg, however, the grass-mulched plots 0.16kg was statistically similar to the control plots 0.15kg. And finally for store weight observed per 5m 2 , polythene sheet covered plots were significantly higher than grass-mulched plots which are also significantly different to control plots with the values of 1.23kg, 1.21kg and 0.71kg respectively.
Assessment of genotype by environment interactions and grainAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that evaluated 100 extra-early maize hybrids across three environments in Ghana to determine the presence and effects of genotype by environment interactions (GxE) on grain yield. The study found significant effects of genotype and environment on grain yield, but GxE was not significant. Using GGE biplot methodology, five hybrids - TZEEI 8 x TZEEI 51, TZEEI 5 x TZEEI 53, TZEEI 21 x TZEEI 39, TZEEI 27 x TZEEI 36, and TZEEI 4 x TZEEI 6 - were identified as high yielding and stable across environments. In contrast, five other
Response of late season maize soybean intercropping to nitrogen in the humid ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the response of late season maize/soybean intercropping to nitrogen fertilizer in southern Nigeria. The study investigated different nitrogen rates (0-100 kg/ha) and crop arrangements (sole and mixed cropping) on maize and soybean yield. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization increased yields for both crops in both sole and mixed systems. Applying 100 kg/ha nitrogen to maize increased various yield components by 15-153% compared to no nitrogen. For soybean, 100 kg/ha nitrogen increased yield components by 14-120% over no nitrogen. Optimum soybean yield was obtained at 50 kg/ha nitrogen. Intercropping maize and soy
Isolation Of Salmonella Gallinarum From Poultry Droppings In Jos Metropolis, ...IOSR Journals
The study evaluated the effects of five different rates of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/hectare) on the growth and yield of watermelon over two growing seasons. Plants that received the highest rate of poultry manure (20 tons/hectare) had significantly greater vine length, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, and fruit weight than plants that received lower rates or no manure. Based on the results, the study recommended that farmers in the area apply 20 tons/hectare of poultry manure to increase watermelon growth and yield.
Seed management’s influences on nodulation and yield of improved variety of s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A pot study was carried out on an improved soybean variety (TGX 1448-2E) to assess the effects of seed management on its nodulation and yield. The experiment was in factorial combinations with six replicates at the teaching and research farm of University of Abuja. The factors were 2 soils, 2 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (-P and + P), and 2 seed sources (farmer’s and researcher’s managed seeds). P was applied as triple superphosphate at 30 kg P ha-1. Destructive sampling was done at 8 weeks after planting to record growth parameters and nodulation. At maturity, the number and weight of pods, weight of 50 seeds and total seed yield were recorded. The results showed that generally researchers’ managed seeds showed a significantly higher mean values than farmers’ managed seeds. The pod and total seed weight from researchers’ seeds were 106.26 g and 52.43 g per plant respectively against the farmers’ managed seed with pod weight of 80.23 g and total seed weight of 44.35 g per plant. P application influenced significantly the weight of nodules, pods and seeds per plant. This significant lower performance observed in farmers’ managed seeds could have resulted from factors such poor seed handling or mix up during harvesting or storage, poor quality seed selection for planting.
Fungicide application contains disease epidemics, saves yield, and contribute...CIMMYT
Fungicide application effectively controls yellow rust disease in wheat, significantly increases grain yield, and improves seed quality. During a 2010 yellow rust epidemic in Ethiopia's Oromia region, fungicide use saved an estimated 1.23 million quintals of grain yield across 123,357 hectares of treated fields. Extrapolating this yield gain across the entire 292,866 hectares affected indicates fungicide treatment could have saved nearly 3 million quintals of grain yield loss from yellow rust that season. The study demonstrates the importance of fungicide application for managing wheat rust diseases and contributing to national food security during epidemic years.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) bio-fertilizer on growth and yield parameters of two maize varieties, DMRESR-Y and EV99-MRP, in northern Cote d'Ivoire. Statistical analyses using correlation tests and principal component analysis in R software showed that growth and yield parameters were influenced by the bio-fertilizer regardless of maize variety. Treatment with P. fluorescens bio-fertilizer alone or combined with foliar fertilizer resulted in higher dry biomass and growth/yield parameters compared to treatments without the bio-fertilizer.
Comparative efficiency of soil and foliar applied zinc inAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a field study that evaluated the comparative efficacy of soil and foliar applied zinc in improving the yield and yield components of wheat variety Kiran-95. The study found that applying zinc through both soil (5 kg/ha at tillering and 5 kg/ha at booting stage) and foliar spray (0.2% at tillering and 0.2% at booting stage) led to maximum plant height, tillers, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, seed index, biological yield, and grain yield, followed closely by the foliar application treatment. While soil application of 10 kg/ha at tillering produced the third highest results, control plots without zinc application showed
Comparative efficiency of soil and foliar applied zinc inAlexander Decker
The study evaluated the comparative efficacy of soil and foliar applied zinc on the growth and yield of wheat variety Kiran-95. It found that applying zinc through both soil (5 kg/ha at tillering and 5 kg/ha at booting stage) and foliar spray (0.2% at tillering and 0.2% at booting stage) produced the maximum plant height, tillers, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, seed index, biological yield, and grain yield, followed closely by the foliar application treatment. While soil application of 10 kg/ha at tillering performed third best, it was found that both the split soil and split foliar applications were most effective and
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Cassava (mannihot esculenta cranz) varieties and harvesting stages influenced...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of harvesting stages on yield and yield components of 10 cassava genotypes in Ethiopia over two growing seasons. The highest fresh root yield of 23.06 t/ha was obtained after 18 months of planting. Yield and components such as root weight and number of branches differed significantly across stages for all varieties. Harvesting at 18 months provided desirable yields while 15 months was suitable for vegetative propagation material. Correlations showed that plant height, branches, root length and dry weight positively influenced fresh root yield. Therefore, 18 months after planting is recommended for fresh root harvesting under these conditions.
Context: Development of early maturing maize cultivars that remain productive under low N fertilizer farming system, consistent with the farmers’ technologies is a prerequisite to improving adoption of new varieties without increasing production cost.
Objective: To assess the performance of ten early open pollination maize varieties (OPVs) and their F1 hybrids for grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and also identify productive cultivars under low N fertilizer regimes.
Materials and Methods: The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with three N fertilizer levels (0, 45 and 90 kg N ha-1) as main plot and the genotypes as sub-plot. Each plot within N level was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design of four replications. Ten OPVs were crossed in a half diallel to generate 45 F1 hybrids during 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Planting were carried out on 20th July, 2005 and 2nd July, 2006. Agronomic characters studied were grain yield, maize establishment count, days to 50% tasselling and silking as well as plant and ear heights.
Results: The year 2005 growing season was better for all observed characters amongst all the genotypes than the year 2006. Although, expressions of these traits in the hybrids were relatively higher than the OPVs including the grain yield. The total increase in grain yield observed was 1.72 t ha-1 and 1.95 t ha-1 for OPVs and hybrids respectively on application of 90 kg ha-1 over no N-application. However, NUE was optimum at 45 kg N ha-1 in both groups. Grain yield and NUE correlated positively with growth characters measured except for days to 50% silking. Higher genetic gains were recorded for plant and ear heights.
Conclusion: Two drought tolerant varieties (Acr 90 Pool 16-Dt and Tze Comp3 Dt) that combined well with specific cultivars for grain yield and NUE probably have gene pools for low N-tolerance.
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I03202074078
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume|| 3 ||Issue|| 2 ||Pages|| 74 - 78 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
Poultry Droppings Ameliorate infection of Alectra vogelii (Benth)
in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Mubi, in Semi – Arid
Ecology of Nigeria
Yohanna Mamma KWAGA
Department of Crop Science,
Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
-----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------A field trial was undertaken in 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Mubi in semi-arid ecology of Nigeria. The
investigation was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and poultry droppings in ameliorating the effect
of vogelii on the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Four groundnut varieties (SAMNUT -10,
SAMNUT -11, SAMNUT -22, and a local variety kampala) were assessed using three nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50
kgNha-1). The varieties were assigned to the main plots, while nitrogen levels and poultry droppings were
combined in a factorial lay in the sub-plots in three replications. Applications of 25 and 50 kg Nha -1 reduced
incidence significantly, while application of 5.0 tonnes of poultry droppings ameliorated parasitism in
groundnut by increasing groundnut kernel yield significantly in Sspite of high infection.
KEY WORDS: vogelii, parasitism amelioration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 29 January 2014
Date of Acceptance: 15 February 2014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.
INTRODUCTION
Weed infestation is one of the problems that farmers have to contend with in achieving meaningful
crop yield. Weed infestation can cause a significant yield loss in crops. The damage is more devastating in fields
that are highly infested with parasitic weeds. While striga hermonthica poses serious threat to crops of the
poaceae family such as maize, sorghum and rice in the Nigerian Savanna, the scourge of vogelii causes
significant yield reduction in leguminous crops such as groundnut and cowpea in the region. A yield loss of
100% due to parasitism was observed on groundnut in the northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria (Kwaga, et al.,
(2012). Apart from yield loss, the parasite has been observed to cause pre-mature defoliation in groundnut,
thereby reducing its photosynthetic capacity (Kwaga, 2004). The parasitic weed has also been reported to be
widespread in East and Southern Africa (Singh, 2002).
Groundnut has been one of the important oil seed crop produced in the Savanna ecology of Nigeria.
The kernels provide oil both for industrial and domestic uses. It also provides cheap source of protein to various
individuals who take it as local snacks. Despite the importance of groundnut, the problem of parasitic weeds has
been militating against its production. The methods used by local farmers to combat the menace of the parasitic
weed has been mainly hand weeding. This is not quite effective, since much damage has been done before the
weed emerges. The use of nitrogenous fertilizer has been found to be advantageous in reducing the virulence of
parasitic weeds in crops (Lagoke, 1992, Adagba et al., 2003, Kwaga, 2004). Poultry droppings contain nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Kwaga, 2012). These major elements can improve growth and
vigour and impart tolerance to parasitism and improve crop yield. Therefore this study was conducted with the
objective of investigating the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization and poultry droppings in combating
parasitism in groundnut.
Materials and Methods
An investigation was undertaken at the Teaching and Research Farm of Adamawa State University,
Mubi in the semi-arid ecology of Nigeria in 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons. The study was carried out with the
objective of assessing the effect of nitrogen fertilization and poultry droppings in ameliorating parasitism in
groundnut. The soil of the experimental area is broadly classified as alfisols with sandy loam texture and pH
value of 5.9, total nitrogen 2.24gkg-1, available P 211 mgkg-1, and CEC 2.084 C mol kg-1. The composition of
the poultry dung used in the trial was 0.883% N, 0.632% P. and 0.925% K.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
Page 74
2. Poultry Droppings Ameliorate infection of Alectra…
The trial was laid in a split – plot design with four groundnut varieties (SAMNUT -10, SAMNUT -11,
SAMNUT -22, and a local variety “kampala”) assigned to the main plots. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 kg
Nha-1) and three rates of poultry droppings (0, 2.5, 5.0 tonnes ha-1) were combined in a factorial lay and
allocated to the sub – plots. The investigation was conducted in a field that was naturally infested with . Sowing
was done on July 4 each year at the spacing of 25cm by 75cm. Gross plot consisted of four rows 3m long and
75cm apart (9m2), while the two inner rows comprised the net plot (4.5m2). Nitrogen and poultry droppings
were applied at the rate for each treatment. Poultry droppings was broadcasted and incorporated into the soil
before sowing. Nitrogen was applied by side placement in two equal split doses, half at 2 weeks after sowing
(WAS) and the remaining half at 6 WAS. Phosphorus was applied by side placement at 2 WAS to all plots at the
rate of 22kg Pha-1. The experiment was hoe weeded at 3, 7 WAS and hand pulled at 11 WAS to avoid tampering
with the un-emerged and emerged Alectra shoots. Alectra shoots were counted weekly from the time that the
first emerged shoot was observed in the experimental area. Data were collected and analyzed and the means
separated using Duncan multiple range test (Duncan, 1955).
Results
In two years and combined data variety had no significant influence on number of infected stands at 12 and 15
WAS (Table 1). However, application of 25kg and 50 kg Nha -1 in 2007 and the combined data exhibited similar effect and
reduced number of infected stands appreciably when compared with zero nitrogen treatment. Nevertheless, in 2008, all N
rates had comparable effects. In 2007 application of 2.5 and 5.0 tonnes of poultry droppings had comparable effects and
increased number of infected stands significantly compared to the zero rate of poultry droppings. Although application of 2.5
and 5.0 tonnes poultry droppings exhibited similar effects in 2008, only application of 5.0 tonnes of poultry droppings t
enhanced the number of infected stands when compared to the zero doses of poultry droppings. However, the combined data
showed that number of infected stands increased markedly with increasing rate of poultry droppings. At 15 WAS in the two
years and the combined data application of 2.5 and 5.0 tonnes of poultry droppings had similar effect on number of infected
stands and significantly enhanced number of infected stands except that in 2008 only the 5.0 tonnes rate increased number of
infected stands considerably.
The data on plant height at 9 and 12 WAS are presented in Table 2. In both years and the combined date plant
height at 9 and 12 WAS followed similar trend. The local variety produced plants that were significantly taller thatn plants
of SAMNUT – 10, SAMNUT – 11 and SAMNUT – 22. However, SAMNUT -11 and SAMNUT 22 exhibited plants of
comparable heights that were taller than that of SAMNUT – 10, Nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on plant
height at 9 WAS in the two years and the combined data. At 12 WAS nitrogen application only influenced plant height in
2008. In that year at this growth stage, only application of 50kgN rate markedly increased plant height compared to the zero
nitrogen doses. At 9 WAS in 2007, application of 5.0 tonnes of poultry dung exhibited appreciably taller plants than the zero
and 2.5 tonnes poultry droppings which were at par. However, in 2008 the 2.5 and 5.0 poultry droppings dose produced
plants of comparable heights that were considerably taller than plants that had no poultry droppings. Nonetheless, in the
combined data plant height increased with increasing poultry droppings at this growth stage. At 12 WAS in 2007 and 2008
the 2.5 and 5.0 poultry droppings rate produced plants of similar heights that were markedly taller than plants that had no
poultry droppings, except that in 2007 the 2.5 tonnes poultry droppings does was at par with the zero poultry dropping rate.
In the combined data plant height increased with increasing poultry droppings dose.
The data on 100 kernel weight is shown in Table 3. Varieties did not differ significantly in kernel weight in the two
years and the combined data. Similarly, nitrogen application had no marked effect on kernel weight in the study.
Application of 2.5 and 5.00 tonnes poultry droppings produced kernels of comparable weight that were significantly heavier,
the kernels of the zero poultry dropping rate in 2007 and the compared data. In 2008, application of poultry droppings had no
effect on kernel weight. Varieties differed in kernel yield in 2008 and combined data. SAMNUT – 11 and SAMNUT – 22
had comparable kernel yields while only SAMNUT – 22 out yielded SAMNUT – 10 and the local variety which were at par
in the combined data. Furthermore, nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on kernel yield in both years and the
combined data .In 2007 and the combined data kernel yield increased with increasing poultry dropping dose, but in 2008 the
2.5 and 5.0 tonnes doses produced similar kernel yields that were superior to the zero poultry droppings dose.
Discussion
In the study, all the varieties used exhibited comparable level of infection. This similar reaction to infection
implies that they don’t differ in their susceptibility to s invasion. This means the varieties have comparable level of
resistance to parasitism. Various resistance mechanisms to Alectra parasitism has been observed in plants. These are low
production of germination stimulants by host plants, (Ramaiah, 1978). These are compounds that flow from roots of host
plants to the seeds of parasites, which gives the seeds signals to germinate. Other mechanisms are cell thickening of roots of
host plant to resist invasion and production of antibiosis to prevent the parasitism on the host plant (El- Hiweris, 1987).
Therefore it is possible that these varieties are similar in the exhibition of these characters and hence showed comparable
level of infection. The local variety produced the tallest plants at the two growth stages, while SAM NUT – 10 produced the
shortest plants. This can be attributed to their genetic variation. The superior kernel yield exhibited by SAMNUT-10 over the
local cultivar has shown it to be a promising groundnut variety for production in the study area.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
Page 75
3. Poultry Droppings Ameliorate infection of Alectra…
The application of 25 and 50 kg Nha-1 has shown significant effect in reducing number of infected stands sat 12
and 15 WAS; while only the 50 kg N dose increased plant height at 12 WAS in 2008. Similar effect of nitrogen fertilization
in reducing invasion in soyabean was reported by Tarfa (1996). Also Magani (1994) noted the efficacy of N application in
reducing infestation in cowpea. Application of high N dose of 120 kg Nha -1 to cowpea crop was observed to reduce striga
gesnerrioides in cowpea without significant reduction in cowpea grain yield. (Emechebe et al.1991). Similarly Kwaga
(2010) and Kwaga (2012) reported significant reduction in shoot population and increased crop vigour without marked
reduction in groundnut pod yield when 25kg N was applied to groundnut. Also Parker (1978) observed that nitrogen
application suppressed striga development, while Psech et al., inhibited striga germination and development. Nevertheless in
another investigation in the semi-arid ecology of Nigeria application of nitrogen had no significant effect in reducing
infection in cowpea (Anonymous, 1996). The suppressing effect of nitrogen on parasitic weeds has to do with the lethal
effect of the nutrient on the weeds. Just as contact between young crop seedlings and nitrogenous fertilizer can be lethal to
the crop, contact between nitrogenous fertilizer and roots of parasitic weeds which are tender herbs, can be debilitating on
the herbaceous weed. In which regard the second application of nitrogenous fertilizer which usually applied later can exhibit
suppressive effect on parasitic weeds. Ogborn (1987) pointed that nitrogen exerts regulatory effect on development of Striga
radicle
Although application of 2.5 and 5.0 tonnes poultry droppings enhanced incidence; the rates increased plant height
kernel weight and yield. Similarly, Kwaga (2012) observed that while application of poultry 5.0 tonnes droppings increased
shoot population, it enhanced crop vigour haulm yield, number of mature pods and pod yield in groundnut. In this respect, it
appears that application of poultry droppings has ameliorating effect on parasitism in groundnut and not necessarily reducing
invasion. Therefore application of the poultry droppings tend to confer tolerance on the crop to parasitism; by increasing
crop yield, in spite of its hosting high application of poultry droppings to groundnut crop can be advantageous in increasing
groundnut yield not withstanding invasion.
Conclusion
The study has shown that SAMNUT – 22 is a promising cultivar of groundnut to be used in Mubi area. While
application of 5.0 kg ha-1 can reduce incidence, application of 5.0 tonnes of poultry droppings can assist in ameliorating
parasitism.
Table 1: Influence of variety, nitrogen and poultry droppings on the number of infected stands/4.5m2 of
groundnut grown under infestation at Mubi 2007 and 2008 rainy season.
Treatment
Variety
SAMNUT – 10
SAMNUT – 11
SAMNUT – 22
Local variety
SES
Level of significance
Number of infected stands/5.5m2
12 WAS
15 WAS
2007
2008
Combined
2007
1.14
1.13
1.11
1.18
0.222
ns
1.32
1.19
1.37
1.23
0.344
ns
1.23
1.16
1.24
1.20
0.194
ns
1.38
1.28
1.39
1.29
0.319
Ns
2008
1.59
1.51
1.65
1.38
0.409
ns
Combined
1.48
1.39
1.52
1.34
0.20
Ns
Nitrogen Rate
(Kg Nha-1)
0
1.42a
1.39
1.40a
1.68a
1.61
2.5
1.01b
1.22
1.11b
1.13b
1.54
50
1.00b
1.22
1.11b
1.20b
1.45
0.101
0.107
0.074
0.115
0.129
Se
Level of significance
*
ns
*
*
ns
Poultry droppings Rate
(tonnes ha-1)
0
0.89b
1.07b
0.98c
1.07b
1.27b
2.5
1.24a
1.23ab
1.23b
1.46a
1.59ab
50
1.30a
1.52a
1.41a
1.48a
1.74a
0.101
0.107
0.074
0.115
0.129
Se
Level of significance
*
*
*
*
*
Means followed by common letters in each treatment group are not significantly different
probability using Duncan Multiple Range Test.
*= Significant at 5% level of probability
ns = Not significant at 5% level of probability.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
1.85a
1.34b
1.32b
0.087
*
1.17b
1.52a
1.61a
0.087
*
at 5% level of
Page 76
4. Poultry Droppings Ameliorate infection of Alectra…
Table 2: Effect of variety, nitrogen and poultry droppings on plant height at 9 and 12 WAS of groundnut grown
under infestation at Mubi 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons.
Plant height (cm)
Treatment
Variety
SAMNUT – 10
SAMNUT – 11
SAMNUT – 22
Local variety
SE
Level of significance
9 WAS
2007
2008
Combined
12 WAS
2007
2008
Combined
21.5C
29.6b
28.9b
34.4a
0.85
*
25.1c
30.6b
32.2b
36.0a
0.59
*
23.3c
30.0b
30.5b
35.2b
0.52
*
26.8c
34.9b
34.4b
41.5a
1.58
*
28.3c
35.2b
35.8b
42.2a
0.72
*
27.8c
35.1b
35.1b
41.8b
0.72
*
28.1
29.4
28.3
0.65
ns
29.9
31.2
31.8
0.66
Ns
29.0
30.3
30.0
0.23
ns
34.3
34.8
34.2
0.81
ns
34.3b
35.4ab
36.4a
0.58
*
34.3
35.1
35.3
0.52
Ns
Nitrogen Rate
(Kg Nha-1)
0
2.5
50
SE
Level of significance
Poultry droppings Rate
(tonnes ha-1)
0
26.6b
28.3b
27.5C
32.2b
32.8b
32.5c
2.5
28.4b
31.5a
30.0b
34.3ab
36.1a
35.2b
50
30.8a
33.1a
31.1a
36.7a
37.3a
37.0a
0.65
0.66
0.23
0.81
0.58
0.52
SE
Level of significance
*
*
*
*
*
*
Means followed by common letters in each treatment group are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using
Duncan Multiple Range Test.
*= Significant at 5% level of probability
ns = Not significant at 5% level of probability.
Table 2: Effect of variety, nitrogen and poultry droppings on 100 kernel weight and kernel yield of groundnut
grown under Alectra infestation at Mubi 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons.
weight(g)
100 kernel
Treatment
Variety
SAMNUT – 10
SAMNUT – 11
SAMNUT – 22
Local variety
SE
Level of significance
Kernel yield (kgha-1)
2007
2008
Combined
2007
2008
Combined
43.2
42.8
43.4
44.9
0.69
ns
46.2
45.2
44.7
43.1
0.47
ns
44.7
44.0
44.0
44.0
0.57
ns
539
576
664
585
48.52
ns
406b
563a
670a
417b
34.00
*
473c
570ab
667a
501bc
29.62
*
43.3
43.6
43.7
0.47
ns
44.2
46.5
43.7
0.96
ns
43.8
44.9
43.7
0.53
ns
614
547
613
34.83
ns
503
516
523
18.44
*
558
531
568
20.86
ns
Nitrogen Rate
(Kg Nha-1)
0
2.5
50
SE
Level of significance
Poultry droppings Rate
(tonnes ha-1)
0
41.6b
43.0
42.3b
454c
374b
414c
2.5
44.1a
45.7
44.9a
580b
557a
569b
50
44.9a
45.6
45.3a
739a
611a
675a
0.47
0.96
0.53
34.83
18.44
20.86
SE
Level of significance
*
*
*
*
*
*
Means followed by common letters in each treatment group are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using
Duncan Multiple Range Test.
*= Significant at 5% level of probability
ns = Not significant at 5% level of probability.
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5. Poultry Droppings Ameliorate infection of Alectra…
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