1) A field experiment was conducted over 3 years in Nigeria to evaluate the effects of different row arrangements (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 maize to castor), nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha), and phosphorus levels (13, 26, 39 kg/ha) on dry matter accumulation in maize.
2) Results showed that a 1:2 row arrangement increased plant height and leaf area index compared to other arrangements. Increasing nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha increased plant height, leaf area index, and total dry matter, except at some time periods. Increasing phosphorus increased some parameters but responses plateaued at 26 kg/ha.
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11.[36 45]response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with seven phosphorus rates (0-120 kg/ha) applied to maize. Results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control in both locations. The highest cob weights and optimum grain yields were obtained from 100-120 kg P/ha. Based on the results, 100-120 kg P/ha is recommended for maize cultivation in the soils studied.
11.combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase yiel...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and barley yield in Ethiopia.
2) It found that applying both organic (farm yard manure) and inorganic (NP or NPK) fertilizers led to the highest barley production, yielding over 49 quintals per hectare.
3) Applying only inorganic fertilizers or only organic fertilizers also increased yields compared to the control of no fertilizers, but the combination of both organic and inorganic fertilizers worked best for increasing soil fertility and barley production sustainably.
Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase yield o...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and barley yield in Ethiopia.
2) It found that applying both organic (farm yard manure) and inorganic fertilizers (NP or NPK) led to the highest barley production, yielding over 49 quintals per hectare.
3) Applying only inorganic fertilizers or only organic fertilizers also increased yields compared to the control of no fertilizers, but the combination led to the greatest increases in soil fertility and barley production.
This document summarizes the findings of a 16-year field experiment comparing the effects of no-tillage with straw cover (NTSC) and traditional tillage with straw removal (TTSR) on soil properties in a winter wheat cropping system on the Loess Plateau in China. The study found that NTSC increased soil organic matter by 21.7% and total nitrogen by 51% in the top 10 cm of soil, and available phosphorus by 97.3% in the top 5 cm, compared to TTSR. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were also 135.3% and 104.4% higher under NTSC. Winter wheat yields were approximately 15.5% greater with NTSC. The results
Effect of different phosphorus levels on growth and yield of wheat under wate...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg/ha) and water stress levels (well-irrigated, stress at reproductive stage, stress at vegetative and reproductive stages) on the growth and yield of wheat. Higher phosphorus application with optimum irrigation resulted in better growth. Higher phosphorus helped compensate for the negative effects of water stress. Stress at both vegetative and reproductive stages had a more severe impact than stress only at reproductive stage. Lower phosphorus and water stress led to reductions in plant height, tillers, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. Applying 120 kg/ha of phosphorus produced the best
This study assessed whether introducing a legume pasture in a subtropical cereal cropping system can reduce synthetic nitrogen (N) inputs and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The study compared N2O emissions and yields in a sorghum crop following either a legume pasture (alfalfa and sulla) or grass pasture (rhodes grass and wheat) rotation under two N fertilization rates. N2O emissions were monitored from crop planting to final seedbed preparation using an automated system. Preliminary results showed that the legume pasture supplied enough N to support crop growth while low carbon residues limited denitrification and N2O emissions compared to the grass pasture. Introducing a leg
Credit of peanut to subsequent wheat under desert farming conditions in prese...IJAEMSJORNAL
Rotation with leguminous crops to break non-legume monocultures has been established to benefit the latter. The lacking information on this cultivation system in stressed environments encouraged the implementation of two field trials in two different locations of Ismailia desert soils. The experimental design included the cultivation of wheat subsequent to peanut in presence of diazotroph inoculation and N fertilization. Bradyrhizobial inoculation of the legume in combination with 50 kg N acre-1 resulted in the highest total biological yields of 4.24 and 5.01 kg plot-1 at the experimental sites 1 and 2, respective seed yields of 1.46 and 1.61 kg pot-1 were recorded. In case of the cereal crop, the measured acetylene reducing activities in soils of associative diazotroph-inoculated plants together with 50 kg N acre-1 were the highest being 515.8-886.2 and 616.7-1066.2 nmoles C2H4 g-1 h-1 at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The enzymatic activity of fallow-cultivated wheat generally represented ca. 95 % of that in subsequent to peanut. Irrespective of inoculation and N fertilization, the wheat biomass yield increases in residual effect-field over the fallow one were 6.4-35.1 % and 4.6-38.5 % at experimental sites 1 and 2 respectively. Increase percentages of 3.1-26.6 and 6.9-44.7 were scored as well for grain yield. The beneficial residual effect of the legume to the succeeding cereal was also extended to protein yields, increases of 4.0-14.2 % and 4.5-7.6 % were estimated for grain protein as well as 8.3-24.1 % and 8.1-35.3 % for straw protein yield. The findings of this study proved that the positively yield turnover of a legume is extended to the subsequent non-legume. Besides, the beneficial residual effects of legumes toward rotated non legumes could be magnified by diazotroph inoculation together with adequate N supply particularly in stressed environments represented, in the present study, by Ismailia sandy soil.
Urea-supergranules and phosphorus application increases irrigated rice yields...INNS PUBNET
Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies are some of the main factors restricting irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity in Burkina Faso. Urea supergranules (USG) have been proven to increase rice yield but this increased productivity is likely to be constrained because P is becoming limiting in irrigated rice systems. Field experiments were carried out with rice variety Nerica 62N in Sourou valley in the wet season of 2012 and in the dry season of 2013. The effect of two sizes (1.8 and 2.7 g) of USG and five levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg P ha-1) were studied in a split plot design on rice yields. The use of USG 2.7 g did not significantly increase rice yields compare with USG 1.8 g in both seasons. P application significantly increased rice yields. The 1.8 g USG significantly increased the agronomic efficiency (AE) by 48.9% over the USG 2.7 g in the 2012 wet season while the increase in AE was 24.4% in the 2013 dry season. The best AE 42 kg kg-1 in 2012 and 25 kg kg-1 in 2013 were obtained with 50P and 30P. This study suggests that USG can be used by farmers in small rate (USG 1.8 g) to improve nitrogen use efficiency and the application of 30 kg P kg-1 seems to be adequate to increase yield in irrigated rice cropping system.
11.[36 45]response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with seven phosphorus rates (0-120 kg/ha) applied to maize. Results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control in both locations. The highest cob weights and optimum grain yields were obtained from 100-120 kg P/ha. Based on the results, 100-120 kg P/ha is recommended for maize cultivation in the soils studied.
11.combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase yiel...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and barley yield in Ethiopia.
2) It found that applying both organic (farm yard manure) and inorganic (NP or NPK) fertilizers led to the highest barley production, yielding over 49 quintals per hectare.
3) Applying only inorganic fertilizers or only organic fertilizers also increased yields compared to the control of no fertilizers, but the combination of both organic and inorganic fertilizers worked best for increasing soil fertility and barley production sustainably.
Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase yield o...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and barley yield in Ethiopia.
2) It found that applying both organic (farm yard manure) and inorganic fertilizers (NP or NPK) led to the highest barley production, yielding over 49 quintals per hectare.
3) Applying only inorganic fertilizers or only organic fertilizers also increased yields compared to the control of no fertilizers, but the combination led to the greatest increases in soil fertility and barley production.
This document summarizes the findings of a 16-year field experiment comparing the effects of no-tillage with straw cover (NTSC) and traditional tillage with straw removal (TTSR) on soil properties in a winter wheat cropping system on the Loess Plateau in China. The study found that NTSC increased soil organic matter by 21.7% and total nitrogen by 51% in the top 10 cm of soil, and available phosphorus by 97.3% in the top 5 cm, compared to TTSR. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were also 135.3% and 104.4% higher under NTSC. Winter wheat yields were approximately 15.5% greater with NTSC. The results
Effect of different phosphorus levels on growth and yield of wheat under wate...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg/ha) and water stress levels (well-irrigated, stress at reproductive stage, stress at vegetative and reproductive stages) on the growth and yield of wheat. Higher phosphorus application with optimum irrigation resulted in better growth. Higher phosphorus helped compensate for the negative effects of water stress. Stress at both vegetative and reproductive stages had a more severe impact than stress only at reproductive stage. Lower phosphorus and water stress led to reductions in plant height, tillers, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. Applying 120 kg/ha of phosphorus produced the best
This study assessed whether introducing a legume pasture in a subtropical cereal cropping system can reduce synthetic nitrogen (N) inputs and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The study compared N2O emissions and yields in a sorghum crop following either a legume pasture (alfalfa and sulla) or grass pasture (rhodes grass and wheat) rotation under two N fertilization rates. N2O emissions were monitored from crop planting to final seedbed preparation using an automated system. Preliminary results showed that the legume pasture supplied enough N to support crop growth while low carbon residues limited denitrification and N2O emissions compared to the grass pasture. Introducing a leg
Credit of peanut to subsequent wheat under desert farming conditions in prese...IJAEMSJORNAL
Rotation with leguminous crops to break non-legume monocultures has been established to benefit the latter. The lacking information on this cultivation system in stressed environments encouraged the implementation of two field trials in two different locations of Ismailia desert soils. The experimental design included the cultivation of wheat subsequent to peanut in presence of diazotroph inoculation and N fertilization. Bradyrhizobial inoculation of the legume in combination with 50 kg N acre-1 resulted in the highest total biological yields of 4.24 and 5.01 kg plot-1 at the experimental sites 1 and 2, respective seed yields of 1.46 and 1.61 kg pot-1 were recorded. In case of the cereal crop, the measured acetylene reducing activities in soils of associative diazotroph-inoculated plants together with 50 kg N acre-1 were the highest being 515.8-886.2 and 616.7-1066.2 nmoles C2H4 g-1 h-1 at locations 1 and 2 respectively. The enzymatic activity of fallow-cultivated wheat generally represented ca. 95 % of that in subsequent to peanut. Irrespective of inoculation and N fertilization, the wheat biomass yield increases in residual effect-field over the fallow one were 6.4-35.1 % and 4.6-38.5 % at experimental sites 1 and 2 respectively. Increase percentages of 3.1-26.6 and 6.9-44.7 were scored as well for grain yield. The beneficial residual effect of the legume to the succeeding cereal was also extended to protein yields, increases of 4.0-14.2 % and 4.5-7.6 % were estimated for grain protein as well as 8.3-24.1 % and 8.1-35.3 % for straw protein yield. The findings of this study proved that the positively yield turnover of a legume is extended to the subsequent non-legume. Besides, the beneficial residual effects of legumes toward rotated non legumes could be magnified by diazotroph inoculation together with adequate N supply particularly in stressed environments represented, in the present study, by Ismailia sandy soil.
Urea-supergranules and phosphorus application increases irrigated rice yields...INNS PUBNET
Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies are some of the main factors restricting irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity in Burkina Faso. Urea supergranules (USG) have been proven to increase rice yield but this increased productivity is likely to be constrained because P is becoming limiting in irrigated rice systems. Field experiments were carried out with rice variety Nerica 62N in Sourou valley in the wet season of 2012 and in the dry season of 2013. The effect of two sizes (1.8 and 2.7 g) of USG and five levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg P ha-1) were studied in a split plot design on rice yields. The use of USG 2.7 g did not significantly increase rice yields compare with USG 1.8 g in both seasons. P application significantly increased rice yields. The 1.8 g USG significantly increased the agronomic efficiency (AE) by 48.9% over the USG 2.7 g in the 2012 wet season while the increase in AE was 24.4% in the 2013 dry season. The best AE 42 kg kg-1 in 2012 and 25 kg kg-1 in 2013 were obtained with 50P and 30P. This study suggests that USG can be used by farmers in small rate (USG 1.8 g) to improve nitrogen use efficiency and the application of 30 kg P kg-1 seems to be adequate to increase yield in irrigated rice cropping system.
Screening of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Mycorrhizal Association ...Premier Publishers
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legumes used for food, feed and maintaining ecological balance. However, its productivity has been declining due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal symbioses have been proved to enhance growth and yield responses of faba bean and other agricultural crops by counteracting these extreme factors. The study was conducted at field and greenhouse to evaluate the performance of faba bean genotypes for mycorrhizal colonization on two Phosphorus fertilizer levels. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used. Analysis of variance indicated that all parameters, except number of mycorrhizal spores and relative mycorrhizal dependency, were highly significantly (p<0.01) varied for genotypes. Genotypes Wayu, Dosha, Didea, Moti and Tumsa for phosphorus fertilized; and Dagim, Gebelcho, Dosha, Tumsa and Wayu for unfertilized trial had performed better. Mycorrhizal colonization performance was higher on unfertilized than on P fertilized trial, at both field and greenhouse. Furthermore, for the genotypes tested at both conditions, the performance of the genotypes was higher at field than at greenhouse. The study also revealed that most of the mycorrhizal association parameters were highly correlated with biomass phosphorus uptake and grain yield of the faba bean genotypes.
Effect of Lime and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Acid Soil Properties and Sorghum ...Premier Publishers
Acidic soils limit the production potential of sorghum crop because of low availability of basic cations and excess of hydrogen (H+) and aluminium (Al3+) in exchangeable forms at Assosa. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of acid soil properties and sorghum to lime and Phosphorus fertilizer around Assosa area during 2012-2015 cropping seasons. Five levels of lime (0, 1.88, 3.76, 5.64 and 7.52 t ha-1) and four levels of P (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg ha-1) laid out in randomised complete block design with three replications.Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effect of lime and phosphorus fertilizer significantly (P≤0.05) affected head weight, straw and grain yield of sorghum. The highest grain yield of sorghum was obtained from 5.65 t lime ha-1with application of 23, 46 and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 7.54 t lime ha-1with application of 0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 treatments. The partial budget analysis also indicted that 1.88 t lime ha-1 along with 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives higher net benefits. Therefore, the management of P- deficient acid soils of Assosa area requires combined applications 1.88 t lime ha-1with application of 23 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Impact of Agricultural Management on Quality of Soil, Carbon Storage and Carb...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this study was to characterize the carbon storage - Ec (Mg ha-1), carbon stratification ratio, carbon management index (CMI) in various systems use and management: a) Native forest (NF), b) improved pasture of Tanzania grass (TIP), c) degraded pasture of Tanzania grass (DP), d) hay area (H) with Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria sp) and e) Corn crop conventionally cultivated for 10 years (CTC). The experiment was conducted at Institute of Animal Science, at Sertaozinho, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Ec, in Mg ha-1, adjusted variations in soil density, related to changes in land use were for native forest (112.9), improved pasture (81.6), system of conventional maize (78.2), field of hay (75.1) and degraded pasture (66.5). The highest values of carbon stratification (SR) were the forest (1.98), and lower in degraded pasture and conventional maize (1.10) - are considered poor in quality, while the improved pasture (1.28) and the area of hay (1.23 ) of media quality and while the forest considered great quality. For the different systems of use and management, low CMI values indicate a loss of soil quality related to native forest (100%), the values obtained in improved pasture (58%) indicate that there is potential for advances in the soil quality, adjusting grazing management and fertilization of annual replacement.
Agro-Economic Benefits of Weed Biomass and Crop Residue in Maize Production S...IOSRJAVS
The climatic conditions of coastal Kenya favour rapid weed growth, leading to the accumulation of large biomass of weeds between cropping seasons. Smallholder farmers in the region usually slash and remove the weed biomass and crop residue from their farms during land preparation in order to facilitate easy planting. The impact of such practice on the production of maize has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the farmers’ practice on the performance of maize and fertilizer requirement. Three methods of managing weed biomass and crop residue (removal from field, incorporation into soil, or use as surface mulch) and five fertilizer rates (60 kg N ha-1 , 20 kg P ha-1 , 30 kg N ha-1 , 10 kg P ha-1 , and no fertilizer application) were evaluated. Removal of weed biomass and crop residue from the field led to 20-26% loss in grain yield and reduced the returns to labour by 41-51%.There was no response to applied P where weed biomass and crop residue had been incorporated into soil. Efforts should therefore be made to educate farmers on the advantages of retaining weed biomass and crop residue on their farms as they prepare land for subsequent crops.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the effects of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation, and yield of two soybean varieties in Nigeria. Phosphorus application significantly affected growth, nodulation, yield, and some yield components, with 60 kg P2O5/ha giving the highest growth and yield. Phosphorus also increased nodulation, with 30 kg P2O5/ha providing the highest nodulation. Zinc application did not significantly affect most growth characters or nodulation, except for reducing plant height. Phosphorus increased soybean yield significantly to 1.9 t/ha compared to the control of 1.7 t/ha. Protein and oil contents were not significantly affected by phosphorus but were by zinc
Influence of sokoto phosphate rock on some soil properties and the growth and...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the influence of Sokoto Phosphate Rock (SPR) on soil properties, growth, and yield of cowpea varieties in Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The study found that SPR application enhanced soil nutrient availability and the performance of cowpea varieties. SPR increased soil phosphorus, plant tissue phosphorus, soil nitrogen, and plant tissue nitrogen. SPR also increased plant height, number of branches, and dry matter yield of cowpea in a dose-dependent manner. The highest cowpea growth and yield was observed with the application of 75kg/ha of SPR. However, nutrient levels were not very high possibly due to the acidic soil conditions. Overall, the study
11.the influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer (0-320 kg/ha) on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Potato yield ranged from 43.97 to 53.33 tons/ha and was highest at 280 kg K/ha, though differences were not statistically significant. Soil available K and exchangeable K increased with fertilizer rates up to 280-320 kg K/ha compared to the unfertilized control. However, potato tuber and leaf nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties generally did not show clear trends with increasing K. The researchers concluded that based on the results, K fertilizer was not required for potato production at the study site, though periodic soil and crop testing should
The influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum tu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Rates of 0 to 320 kg K/ha were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Recommended rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to all treatments. While the highest potato tuber yield of 53.33 t/ha was obtained at 280 kg K/ha, there were no statistically significant differences in tuber yield, nutrient concentrations, or soil properties across the K rates tested. However, 280 kg K/ha provided an 11.4% higher yield than the control. Based on these results, applying K fertilizer was not found to be necessary for potato production at this site
11.response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates of appl...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. Seven phosphorus rates ranging from 0 to 120 kg/ha were applied. Across both locations and years, phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control. The highest cob weights and grain yields were obtained from application rates of 100-120 kg/ha. Specifically, 100 kg/ha of P was found to provide optimum maize yields of 5.40 and 5.51 tons/ha in the Anyigba soils over two years. In the Ofere soils, the optimum yield of
Jatropha-based alley cropping system’s contribution to carbon sequestrationInnspub Net
The study was conducted to evaluate the total carbon stocks sequestered in a Jatropha – based alley cropping system treated with varying fertilizer applications. The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The alley was planted with corn in two seasons Treatments include control (no fertilizer), organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer applied to the alley crops. Findings showed that the treatments with fertilizer applications had higher carbon stock in the jatropha hedges. The carbon content of the corn stover was also higher in organic and inorganic fertilizer-applied treatments. However, highest soil carbon content was shown in treatments applied with organic fertilizer (4.28 Ton ha-1). The inorganic fertilizer treatment had the lowest soil carbon content with a mean of 4.28 Ton ha-1. In terms of total carbon stock of the entire jatropha-based alley cropping system, there was a significant difference among treatments with organic fertilizer application having the highest mean of 7.79 Ton ha-1 while the inorganic treated plots had 6.53 Ton ha-1. The no fertilizer treatment had the least carbon stocks with 6.53 Ton ha-1. This recent study revealed that the jatropha-based alley cropping system is a potential land-use for carbon sequestration. This farming system needs to be promoted in upland areas to function not only as soil and water conservation measures but also as a possible remedy for global warming. Get the Abstract and full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/jatropha-based-alley-cropping-systems-contribution-to-carbon-sequestration/
Valorization of shea caterpillar droppings (Cirina butyrospermi Vuillet) in t...Innspub Net
Works on park lands show that shea tree is a widespread species in the fields in Burkina Faso. There are caterpillars which are rich in proteins and throw out important quantity of dejection on the soil surface. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of droppings produced by caterpillars and their chemical quality in Koumbia area. The amount of dejection was determined on small plots and expressed as amount of dry matter (DM). Chemical analyzes have focused on the major elements (C, N, P and K). Our results show an average production of 19.34 kg for an average area of 68.47 m2 under a shea tree. We also observe that the production of caterpillar droppings is a function of the shea trees density and fluctuate between 440 and 3 775 kg ha-1. The data of chemical analyzes show that caterpillar droppings have high content of carbon (477.7 g kg-1) and nitrogen (10.8 g kg-1) and low content of phosphorus (0.3 g kg-1) and potassium (0.9 g kg-1). The amounts of C and N that caterpillar droppings are likely to bring, show that they can cover between 56 and 484 % of annual loss of soil C and fully compensate exports N of major crops (cotton, maize, sorghum) of the study area. The valorization of caterpillar droppings is therefore a way of ecological management of soil fertility of shea parks. However, the C/N (44) of caterpillar droppings suggests further agronomic investigations.
Abstract— Accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice is highly variable across the globe and depends on a number of factors. Presently, there are no set standards on what can be considered as a regulatory concentration in rice, yet studies related to As toxicity to humans are abundant. This study is an overview of the range of As concentrations in rice grown globally and examples of the relevant contributing factors. Based on this overview, As concentration in rice can range from 0.01 to 0.8 mg kg-1, and some of the factors that can cause it are growing conditions, varieties, soils and water quality.
Determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production in ada抋, akaki and...Alexander Decker
This study investigated soil test-based phosphorus recommendations for optimum durum wheat production in three locations in central Ethiopia over three years. Thirty-six farmers' fields were included, with six phosphorus rates tested in a randomized complete block design. Results varied by location and year. In the first year at one location, 34.49 kg P2O5/ha produced the highest 3.75 t/ha grain yield. In subsequent years, applications often did not increase or decreased yields compared to the control. Overall, the study found soil phosphorus levels and needs varied significantly between fields, and blanket recommendations were not appropriate. Regression equations were developed to map phosphorus levels and recommend rates tailored to individual fields.
11.determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production in ada抋, akaki ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated soil test-based phosphorus recommendations for optimum durum wheat production in three locations in central Ethiopia over three years. Thirty-six farmers' fields were included, with six phosphorus rates tested in a randomized complete block design. Results varied by location and year. In the first year at one location, 34.49 kg P2O5/ha produced the highest 3.75 t/ha grain yield. In subsequent years, applications often did not increase yields compared to the control. Overall, the study found soil phosphorus levels and needs varied significantly between fields. Regression equations were developed to map soil phosphorus levels for individual fields and recommend phosphorus based on soil testing.
Assessing soil nutrient depletion to household food insecurity in the smallho...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study assessing soil nutrient depletion and its impact on household food insecurity in smallholder farming systems in the western hills of Lake Abaya, Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1) Soil analysis showed progressively decreasing organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity with distance from homesteads, indicating soil nutrient depletion.
2) 61% of households were food insecure, unable to feed themselves for more than 9 months per year, compared to 28.2% in low-lying areas.
3) Per capita food availability was below the minimum recommended level in some villages, with undernourishment rates over 100% in the most food insecure village.
4
Liming effects on yield and yield attributes of nitrogen fertilized and brady...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of lime, bradyrhizobia inoculation, and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of soybean grown in acidic soil in Ethiopia. The main findings were:
1) Pod number, seed yield, seeds per pod, and hundred seed weight were significantly increased when lime and bradyrhizobia were used together, but nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly affect most yield attributes.
2) The highest seed yield was obtained with the combined application of lime, bradyrhizobia, and nitrogen fertilizer.
3) Using lime and bradyrhizobia together produced yields similar to applying nitrogen fertilizer,
Soybean and Corn crop response to enhanced efficiency phosphate fertilizerAI Publications
Many agricultural soils worldwide in their natural state are deficient in phosphorous (P). As P is vital for all living beings, as P fertilizers are manufactured from non-renewable resources and as P fertilizer efficiency is generally low, we need to improve the P use efficiency and minimize P fertilizers usage to ensure the future sustainability of our cropping systems. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers use is one of the strategies to increase P fertilizer efficiency, but there is no consensus on the effectiveness of this type of technology. The need to increase the efficiency of P fertilization and the lack of information about enhanced efficiency P fertilizer justifies studies to evaluate the performance of this kind of fertilizer. Experiments were carried out in greenhouse and field conditions to investigate the effect of P fertilizer coated with anionic polymers (Policote) on corn and soybean crop development and yield, and agronomic P use efficiency. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with corn crop, while field trials were carried out with soybean crop. Greater increases in plant growth parameters, crop yield, soil P content, and fertilizer efficiency use were observed with Policote coated fertilizer than with conventional P fertilizer. The observed changes in P use efficiency among P fertilizers increased our understanding of enhanced efficiency fertilizers. The obtained results demonstrated that Policote coated fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer. Results show that Policote coated fertilizer is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants than conventional ones.
Soil - Plant Nutrient Correlation Analysis of Maize Varieties at the Guinea S...IJEABJ
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the correlation relationships among soil properties, yield, and quality of four maize varieties in northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Field trials were conducted over two years with different fertilizer and micronutrient treatments. Significant positive correlations were found between grain yield and parameters like stover yield, 1000 grain weight, and total nitrogen in grain. Grain yield also increased with higher soil pH, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, copper and boron levels. Crude protein in grain decreased with increasing grain yield but was positively correlated with soil organic carbon, pH and exchangeable acidity.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for growing rice that modifies standard practices to improve yields. SRI involves changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to support larger, more extensive root systems and promote soil biota. This agroecological management improves the growing environment and yields better rice phenotypes from any genotype using less water, seeds, and other inputs. SRI has led to increased yields of 50-100% or more in many countries along with other benefits like water savings, increased resistance to stresses, and reduced costs, methane emissions, and environmental impacts.
Providing voice and data services in ‘under serviced’ areas - By Rael LissoosVoiceSA
The most under serviced sectors of the economy, where services are most needed, are often significantly more complex when providing voice and data services. A practical case study will be provided covering topics from connecting rural schools to a wireless VoIP service, to providing services to high density underserviced residential areas. Insight will be provided into how to create sustainable services using available technologies that help fill the huge services gaps in SA telecoms.
Vision health an integral part of public health in nigeriaChibuzor Emereole
A article on why vision care should be inclusive in the Nigerian concept of public health. The article provides the avenues through which advocacy, and public-private partnerships can be employed to achieve this feat, in view of the VISION 2020 - Right to Sight by all by the year 2020.
Screening of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes for Mycorrhizal Association ...Premier Publishers
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legumes used for food, feed and maintaining ecological balance. However, its productivity has been declining due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal symbioses have been proved to enhance growth and yield responses of faba bean and other agricultural crops by counteracting these extreme factors. The study was conducted at field and greenhouse to evaluate the performance of faba bean genotypes for mycorrhizal colonization on two Phosphorus fertilizer levels. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used. Analysis of variance indicated that all parameters, except number of mycorrhizal spores and relative mycorrhizal dependency, were highly significantly (p<0.01) varied for genotypes. Genotypes Wayu, Dosha, Didea, Moti and Tumsa for phosphorus fertilized; and Dagim, Gebelcho, Dosha, Tumsa and Wayu for unfertilized trial had performed better. Mycorrhizal colonization performance was higher on unfertilized than on P fertilized trial, at both field and greenhouse. Furthermore, for the genotypes tested at both conditions, the performance of the genotypes was higher at field than at greenhouse. The study also revealed that most of the mycorrhizal association parameters were highly correlated with biomass phosphorus uptake and grain yield of the faba bean genotypes.
Effect of Lime and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Acid Soil Properties and Sorghum ...Premier Publishers
Acidic soils limit the production potential of sorghum crop because of low availability of basic cations and excess of hydrogen (H+) and aluminium (Al3+) in exchangeable forms at Assosa. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of acid soil properties and sorghum to lime and Phosphorus fertilizer around Assosa area during 2012-2015 cropping seasons. Five levels of lime (0, 1.88, 3.76, 5.64 and 7.52 t ha-1) and four levels of P (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg ha-1) laid out in randomised complete block design with three replications.Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effect of lime and phosphorus fertilizer significantly (P≤0.05) affected head weight, straw and grain yield of sorghum. The highest grain yield of sorghum was obtained from 5.65 t lime ha-1with application of 23, 46 and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 7.54 t lime ha-1with application of 0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 treatments. The partial budget analysis also indicted that 1.88 t lime ha-1 along with 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives higher net benefits. Therefore, the management of P- deficient acid soils of Assosa area requires combined applications 1.88 t lime ha-1with application of 23 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Impact of Agricultural Management on Quality of Soil, Carbon Storage and Carb...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The aim of this study was to characterize the carbon storage - Ec (Mg ha-1), carbon stratification ratio, carbon management index (CMI) in various systems use and management: a) Native forest (NF), b) improved pasture of Tanzania grass (TIP), c) degraded pasture of Tanzania grass (DP), d) hay area (H) with Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria sp) and e) Corn crop conventionally cultivated for 10 years (CTC). The experiment was conducted at Institute of Animal Science, at Sertaozinho, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Ec, in Mg ha-1, adjusted variations in soil density, related to changes in land use were for native forest (112.9), improved pasture (81.6), system of conventional maize (78.2), field of hay (75.1) and degraded pasture (66.5). The highest values of carbon stratification (SR) were the forest (1.98), and lower in degraded pasture and conventional maize (1.10) - are considered poor in quality, while the improved pasture (1.28) and the area of hay (1.23 ) of media quality and while the forest considered great quality. For the different systems of use and management, low CMI values indicate a loss of soil quality related to native forest (100%), the values obtained in improved pasture (58%) indicate that there is potential for advances in the soil quality, adjusting grazing management and fertilization of annual replacement.
Agro-Economic Benefits of Weed Biomass and Crop Residue in Maize Production S...IOSRJAVS
The climatic conditions of coastal Kenya favour rapid weed growth, leading to the accumulation of large biomass of weeds between cropping seasons. Smallholder farmers in the region usually slash and remove the weed biomass and crop residue from their farms during land preparation in order to facilitate easy planting. The impact of such practice on the production of maize has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the farmers’ practice on the performance of maize and fertilizer requirement. Three methods of managing weed biomass and crop residue (removal from field, incorporation into soil, or use as surface mulch) and five fertilizer rates (60 kg N ha-1 , 20 kg P ha-1 , 30 kg N ha-1 , 10 kg P ha-1 , and no fertilizer application) were evaluated. Removal of weed biomass and crop residue from the field led to 20-26% loss in grain yield and reduced the returns to labour by 41-51%.There was no response to applied P where weed biomass and crop residue had been incorporated into soil. Efforts should therefore be made to educate farmers on the advantages of retaining weed biomass and crop residue on their farms as they prepare land for subsequent crops.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the effects of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation, and yield of two soybean varieties in Nigeria. Phosphorus application significantly affected growth, nodulation, yield, and some yield components, with 60 kg P2O5/ha giving the highest growth and yield. Phosphorus also increased nodulation, with 30 kg P2O5/ha providing the highest nodulation. Zinc application did not significantly affect most growth characters or nodulation, except for reducing plant height. Phosphorus increased soybean yield significantly to 1.9 t/ha compared to the control of 1.7 t/ha. Protein and oil contents were not significantly affected by phosphorus but were by zinc
Influence of sokoto phosphate rock on some soil properties and the growth and...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the influence of Sokoto Phosphate Rock (SPR) on soil properties, growth, and yield of cowpea varieties in Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The study found that SPR application enhanced soil nutrient availability and the performance of cowpea varieties. SPR increased soil phosphorus, plant tissue phosphorus, soil nitrogen, and plant tissue nitrogen. SPR also increased plant height, number of branches, and dry matter yield of cowpea in a dose-dependent manner. The highest cowpea growth and yield was observed with the application of 75kg/ha of SPR. However, nutrient levels were not very high possibly due to the acidic soil conditions. Overall, the study
11.the influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer (0-320 kg/ha) on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Potato yield ranged from 43.97 to 53.33 tons/ha and was highest at 280 kg K/ha, though differences were not statistically significant. Soil available K and exchangeable K increased with fertilizer rates up to 280-320 kg K/ha compared to the unfertilized control. However, potato tuber and leaf nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties generally did not show clear trends with increasing K. The researchers concluded that based on the results, K fertilizer was not required for potato production at the study site, though periodic soil and crop testing should
The influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum tu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Rates of 0 to 320 kg K/ha were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Recommended rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to all treatments. While the highest potato tuber yield of 53.33 t/ha was obtained at 280 kg K/ha, there were no statistically significant differences in tuber yield, nutrient concentrations, or soil properties across the K rates tested. However, 280 kg K/ha provided an 11.4% higher yield than the control. Based on these results, applying K fertilizer was not found to be necessary for potato production at this site
11.response of maize (zea mays l) yield and yield components to rates of appl...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of phosphorus fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components in two locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. Seven phosphorus rates ranging from 0 to 120 kg/ha were applied. Across both locations and years, phosphorus application significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, cob weight, and grain yield compared to the control. The highest cob weights and grain yields were obtained from application rates of 100-120 kg/ha. Specifically, 100 kg/ha of P was found to provide optimum maize yields of 5.40 and 5.51 tons/ha in the Anyigba soils over two years. In the Ofere soils, the optimum yield of
Jatropha-based alley cropping system’s contribution to carbon sequestrationInnspub Net
The study was conducted to evaluate the total carbon stocks sequestered in a Jatropha – based alley cropping system treated with varying fertilizer applications. The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The alley was planted with corn in two seasons Treatments include control (no fertilizer), organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer applied to the alley crops. Findings showed that the treatments with fertilizer applications had higher carbon stock in the jatropha hedges. The carbon content of the corn stover was also higher in organic and inorganic fertilizer-applied treatments. However, highest soil carbon content was shown in treatments applied with organic fertilizer (4.28 Ton ha-1). The inorganic fertilizer treatment had the lowest soil carbon content with a mean of 4.28 Ton ha-1. In terms of total carbon stock of the entire jatropha-based alley cropping system, there was a significant difference among treatments with organic fertilizer application having the highest mean of 7.79 Ton ha-1 while the inorganic treated plots had 6.53 Ton ha-1. The no fertilizer treatment had the least carbon stocks with 6.53 Ton ha-1. This recent study revealed that the jatropha-based alley cropping system is a potential land-use for carbon sequestration. This farming system needs to be promoted in upland areas to function not only as soil and water conservation measures but also as a possible remedy for global warming. Get the Abstract and full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijaar/jatropha-based-alley-cropping-systems-contribution-to-carbon-sequestration/
Valorization of shea caterpillar droppings (Cirina butyrospermi Vuillet) in t...Innspub Net
Works on park lands show that shea tree is a widespread species in the fields in Burkina Faso. There are caterpillars which are rich in proteins and throw out important quantity of dejection on the soil surface. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of droppings produced by caterpillars and their chemical quality in Koumbia area. The amount of dejection was determined on small plots and expressed as amount of dry matter (DM). Chemical analyzes have focused on the major elements (C, N, P and K). Our results show an average production of 19.34 kg for an average area of 68.47 m2 under a shea tree. We also observe that the production of caterpillar droppings is a function of the shea trees density and fluctuate between 440 and 3 775 kg ha-1. The data of chemical analyzes show that caterpillar droppings have high content of carbon (477.7 g kg-1) and nitrogen (10.8 g kg-1) and low content of phosphorus (0.3 g kg-1) and potassium (0.9 g kg-1). The amounts of C and N that caterpillar droppings are likely to bring, show that they can cover between 56 and 484 % of annual loss of soil C and fully compensate exports N of major crops (cotton, maize, sorghum) of the study area. The valorization of caterpillar droppings is therefore a way of ecological management of soil fertility of shea parks. However, the C/N (44) of caterpillar droppings suggests further agronomic investigations.
Abstract— Accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice is highly variable across the globe and depends on a number of factors. Presently, there are no set standards on what can be considered as a regulatory concentration in rice, yet studies related to As toxicity to humans are abundant. This study is an overview of the range of As concentrations in rice grown globally and examples of the relevant contributing factors. Based on this overview, As concentration in rice can range from 0.01 to 0.8 mg kg-1, and some of the factors that can cause it are growing conditions, varieties, soils and water quality.
Determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production in ada抋, akaki and...Alexander Decker
This study investigated soil test-based phosphorus recommendations for optimum durum wheat production in three locations in central Ethiopia over three years. Thirty-six farmers' fields were included, with six phosphorus rates tested in a randomized complete block design. Results varied by location and year. In the first year at one location, 34.49 kg P2O5/ha produced the highest 3.75 t/ha grain yield. In subsequent years, applications often did not increase or decreased yields compared to the control. Overall, the study found soil phosphorus levels and needs varied significantly between fields, and blanket recommendations were not appropriate. Regression equations were developed to map phosphorus levels and recommend rates tailored to individual fields.
11.determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production in ada抋, akaki ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated soil test-based phosphorus recommendations for optimum durum wheat production in three locations in central Ethiopia over three years. Thirty-six farmers' fields were included, with six phosphorus rates tested in a randomized complete block design. Results varied by location and year. In the first year at one location, 34.49 kg P2O5/ha produced the highest 3.75 t/ha grain yield. In subsequent years, applications often did not increase yields compared to the control. Overall, the study found soil phosphorus levels and needs varied significantly between fields. Regression equations were developed to map soil phosphorus levels for individual fields and recommend phosphorus based on soil testing.
Assessing soil nutrient depletion to household food insecurity in the smallho...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study assessing soil nutrient depletion and its impact on household food insecurity in smallholder farming systems in the western hills of Lake Abaya, Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1) Soil analysis showed progressively decreasing organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity with distance from homesteads, indicating soil nutrient depletion.
2) 61% of households were food insecure, unable to feed themselves for more than 9 months per year, compared to 28.2% in low-lying areas.
3) Per capita food availability was below the minimum recommended level in some villages, with undernourishment rates over 100% in the most food insecure village.
4
Liming effects on yield and yield attributes of nitrogen fertilized and brady...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of lime, bradyrhizobia inoculation, and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of soybean grown in acidic soil in Ethiopia. The main findings were:
1) Pod number, seed yield, seeds per pod, and hundred seed weight were significantly increased when lime and bradyrhizobia were used together, but nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly affect most yield attributes.
2) The highest seed yield was obtained with the combined application of lime, bradyrhizobia, and nitrogen fertilizer.
3) Using lime and bradyrhizobia together produced yields similar to applying nitrogen fertilizer,
Soybean and Corn crop response to enhanced efficiency phosphate fertilizerAI Publications
Many agricultural soils worldwide in their natural state are deficient in phosphorous (P). As P is vital for all living beings, as P fertilizers are manufactured from non-renewable resources and as P fertilizer efficiency is generally low, we need to improve the P use efficiency and minimize P fertilizers usage to ensure the future sustainability of our cropping systems. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers use is one of the strategies to increase P fertilizer efficiency, but there is no consensus on the effectiveness of this type of technology. The need to increase the efficiency of P fertilization and the lack of information about enhanced efficiency P fertilizer justifies studies to evaluate the performance of this kind of fertilizer. Experiments were carried out in greenhouse and field conditions to investigate the effect of P fertilizer coated with anionic polymers (Policote) on corn and soybean crop development and yield, and agronomic P use efficiency. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with corn crop, while field trials were carried out with soybean crop. Greater increases in plant growth parameters, crop yield, soil P content, and fertilizer efficiency use were observed with Policote coated fertilizer than with conventional P fertilizer. The observed changes in P use efficiency among P fertilizers increased our understanding of enhanced efficiency fertilizers. The obtained results demonstrated that Policote coated fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer. Results show that Policote coated fertilizer is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants than conventional ones.
Soil - Plant Nutrient Correlation Analysis of Maize Varieties at the Guinea S...IJEABJ
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the correlation relationships among soil properties, yield, and quality of four maize varieties in northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Field trials were conducted over two years with different fertilizer and micronutrient treatments. Significant positive correlations were found between grain yield and parameters like stover yield, 1000 grain weight, and total nitrogen in grain. Grain yield also increased with higher soil pH, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, copper and boron levels. Crude protein in grain decreased with increasing grain yield but was positively correlated with soil organic carbon, pH and exchangeable acidity.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for growing rice that modifies standard practices to improve yields. SRI involves changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to support larger, more extensive root systems and promote soil biota. This agroecological management improves the growing environment and yields better rice phenotypes from any genotype using less water, seeds, and other inputs. SRI has led to increased yields of 50-100% or more in many countries along with other benefits like water savings, increased resistance to stresses, and reduced costs, methane emissions, and environmental impacts.
Providing voice and data services in ‘under serviced’ areas - By Rael LissoosVoiceSA
The most under serviced sectors of the economy, where services are most needed, are often significantly more complex when providing voice and data services. A practical case study will be provided covering topics from connecting rural schools to a wireless VoIP service, to providing services to high density underserviced residential areas. Insight will be provided into how to create sustainable services using available technologies that help fill the huge services gaps in SA telecoms.
Vision health an integral part of public health in nigeriaChibuzor Emereole
A article on why vision care should be inclusive in the Nigerian concept of public health. The article provides the avenues through which advocacy, and public-private partnerships can be employed to achieve this feat, in view of the VISION 2020 - Right to Sight by all by the year 2020.
“8th National Biennial Conference on Medical Informatics 2012”Ashu Ash
This document discusses establishing tele-ophthalmology centers in North Eastern states of India. It notes the need for telemedicine in these states due to difficult access to healthcare services, lack of specialist doctors, difficult terrain, and high costs of travel and treatment. The document outlines strategies like applying ICT through telemedicine systems, conducting needs assessments, designing telemedicine center networks, and integrating the system with public health. It discusses objectives like developing an effective eye care system and increasing access. Technologies, operationalization, roles, capacity building, impacts, and sustainability are also covered.
The latest issue of our magazine for the IT professional focuses on Project Management. Full versions are available to BCS members. To find out more about the benefits of BCS membership go to http://www.bcs.org/membership
- Daimler's revenue decreased 7% to €23.8 billion in Q3 2008 due to declining sales worldwide, especially in Western Europe and the United States.
- Net profit was €213 million compared to a net loss of €1.5 billion in Q3 2007. Earnings per share was €0.21.
- EBIT decreased to €648 million due to lower earnings at Mercedes-Benz Cars, partly offset by improved results at Daimler Trucks and Daimler Financial Services.
How to Keep Your Child with Diabetes Out of the Hospital or ERStephen Ponder
No, it is generally not recommended to treat high blood sugars and ketones with an insulin pump alone. When a person has both high blood sugar and ketones, it means they require more insulin than their basal rates can provide. It is safer in this situation to treat with injections of rapid-acting insulin until blood sugar and ketones start to improve. The pump basal rates may need to be increased temporarily as well. Treating only with the pump risks not delivering enough insulin quickly enough to address the problem. Shots provide a larger, faster-acting dose that is more appropriate in this medical emergency situation.
Attend the Summit November 18-20 in Clinton, NJ to Develop Productive Industry Partnerships in Manufacturing!
The purpose of the Summit (and post-conference course) is to assist local higher education, workforce development and economic development professionals in aligning their strategies to:
create a collaborative, supportive environment for manufacturing employers
improve local workforce capabilities, especially for manufacturing employment opportunities
boost a competitive advantage for their region.
The document provides information about the Asia NGO Innovation Summit 2010, including:
1) The summit will be held from September 2-4, 2010 in Seoul, Korea and will bring together NGO leaders from across Asia to discuss building capacity for social change.
2) The objectives are to strengthen NGO capacity in Asia, enhance the role of NGOs in social innovation, and encourage the use of ICT to help NGOs achieve their goals.
3) The focus areas are citizen participation, financial sustainability, governance & partnerships, and networking & information exchange.
This document provides information about a General Chemistry 2 summer course including the instructor's contact information, teaching assistants, textbook, course schedule, exam details, and chapter outlines. Specifically, it outlines Chapter 11 which discusses the structure of water, intermolecular forces, physical properties of water and liquids, phase diagrams, solutions, and colligative properties.
Michael Tabtabai, Creative Director at Saatchi & Saatchi LA, takes us through examples of inspiring digital ideas that work in the marketplace. He covers everything from robots to gaming dynamics.
Este documento presenta la programación didáctica del departamento de inglés para 2o y 4o de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en el IES Miguel Hernández de Ocaña (Toledo) para el curso 2015/2016. Incluye los objetivos y competencias, la secuenciación de contenidos por bloques temáticos para cada curso, los contenidos mínimos, la evaluación, metodología y atención a la diversidad.
The document is a presentation about digital citizenship given at the National Liberty Museum on November 3, 2012. It includes an agenda for the day covering topics such as defining citizenship, digital communication, digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital rights and responsibilities, and creating a plan for teaching digital citizenship. The presentation aims to help educators understand digital citizenship and how to teach their students about it.
Simple Design Solutions to Improve Lives Around the World - Images Only VersionJose Briones
80% of humanity lives on less than $10/day. If you are part of the world's lowest socioeconomic level you may be living on a house that can barely be called that. It's a collection of sticks, cardboard, plastic sheet. A dirt floor, no water, electricity or sewage. Enter frugal innovation or frugal engineering: The process of reducing the complexity and cost of a good and its production. Usually this refers to removing nonessential features from a durable good in order to sell it in developing countries. In this chapter of the "Beyond Stage Gate" series, we explore simple, low cost, effective and proven global design solutions that do not require exotic technology but that when combined can dramatically improve the quality of life of people around the world.
IBM i: Fertile Ground for PHP DevelopersAlan Seiden
The IBM i platform, which evolved from System i, i5, iSeries, and AS/400, is a highly reliable, secure, self-managing, and integrated operating environment with a loyal, devoted following among thousands of businesses. A PHP developer who knows how to speak "IBM i" will be differentiated in the job market, gaining interesting employment and consulting opportunities.
In this talk, Alan Seiden will introduce you to the world of IBM i, covering the basics of this unique platform.
This document provides an investor presentation for SandRidge Energy. It summarizes the company's strategic focus on increasing capital efficiency through well cost reductions and expanded use of multilaterals. SandRidge plans to reduce 2015 capital expenditures to $700 million while still guiding for 6% production growth. The presentation highlights recent operational successes in increasing reserves by 37% and improving type curves. It also outlines opportunities in appraising new zones like the Chester and Woodford formations while defending the company's strong position in the Mississippian play.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Response of late season maize soybean intercropping to nitrogen in the humid ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the response of late season maize/soybean intercropping to nitrogen fertilizer in southern Nigeria. The study investigated different nitrogen rates (0-100 kg/ha) and crop arrangements (sole and mixed cropping) on maize and soybean yield. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization increased yields for both crops in both sole and mixed systems. Applying 100 kg/ha nitrogen to maize increased various yield components by 15-153% compared to no nitrogen. For soybean, 100 kg/ha nitrogen increased yield components by 14-120% over no nitrogen. Optimum soybean yield was obtained at 50 kg/ha nitrogen. Intercropping maize and soy
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions|I...Innspub Net
To investigate the maize yield and nutrient concentration in its leaves as affected by biochar from different organic materials (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse), a field experiment was conducted on maize crop during 2013 at koont research farm chakwal. The treatments were control, wheat straw biochar at 5t ha-1, and 10t ha-1, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5t ha-1and 10t ha-1. The experiment was conducted in RCBD. Maize was grown in 4m × 6m sized plots. Soil samples were taken before sowing of crop for determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture. The plant parameters were grain yield, plant biomass, macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Wheat straw biochar 10 t/ha showed an increase of 16.1% N, 38.8% P, 33% K, 28.9% biomass and 20.8% grain yield. Sugarcane bagasse biochar at a rate of 10 t/ha showed significant increase of 14.9% N, 27.7% P, 30% K, 27.6% biomass and 22.1% grain yield. None of the biochar treatment showed any significant increase in micronutrient concentration in plant.
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of applying biochar from wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on maize yield and plant nutrients under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted in which maize was grown in plots treated with wheat straw biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5 and 10 tons/ha, or a control with no biochar. The results showed that wheat straw biochar at 10 tons/ha and sugarcane bagasse biochar at 10 tons/ha significantly increased maize grain yield, plant biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to the control. However, biochar did not significantly affect micronutrient levels in the maize
Growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in the g...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
11.growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure application in th...Alexander Decker
The study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. Poultry manure at rates of 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, mineral fertilizer at 150 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, and combinations of the two were applied. The combination of 150 kg poultry manure/ha and 150 kg mineral fertilizer/ha resulted in the tallest plants and highest tomato yields, followed by the combination of 75 kg poultry manure/ha and 75 kg mineral fertilizer/ha. Increasing the rates of poultry man
11.[44 56]growth and yield, to rates of mineral and poultry manure applicatio...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer, alone and in combination, on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants in Nigeria. The results showed that applying poultry manure at 150 kg N/ha produced the tallest plants, though not significantly different from 300 kg N/ha. Both organic treatments led to taller plants than mineral fertilizer. Applying the combination of 150 kg poultry manure and 150 kg mineral fertilizer per hectare resulted in the highest tomato yield and number of tomatoes harvested, followed by 75 kg of each fertilizer per hectare. Increasing the mineral fertilizer rate above 150 kg N/ha actually decreased tomato yield. Overall
1) The study found that sowing wheat on November 20th and applying 120 kg of nitrogen, 60 kg of phosphorus, and 60 kg of potassium per hectare led to the highest growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Grain yield decreased with later sowing dates.
2) Plant height, tillers, dry matter, and grain/ear were highest under the earliest sowing date of November 20th compared to December 6th and 23rd.
3) Highest grain yield of 3.66 tonnes/hectare was from the November 20th sowing, while the December 23rd sowing yielded 3.17 tonnes/hectare, the lowest amount.
The comparative efficiency of organic and synthetic fertilizers were studied on maize and cowpea, two staple
Nigerian crops. Chemical fertilizer did not support yield as much as poultry manure (PM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi(AMF), individual or in a combined state. The combination of PM and AMF was the best application expressing
yield in form of shoot productivity. Glomus clarum was a good fertilizing candidate in this study
A field experiments were conducted for two year (2011and 2012) at Areka Agricultural Research Center, in the South Region of Ethiopia to evaluate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to N and P fertilizers. Four levels of N (18, 27, 36 and 45 kg N/ ha) and three levels of P (46, 69 and 92 kg P2O5 /ha) with control were arranged in RCBD with three replications. Application of nitrogen increased significantly grain yield of common bean up to 116% than the control. And phosphorus application at a rate of 69 kg P2O5/ha increased significantly grain yield by 113% than control. The highest grain yield was obtained by the application of 45 kg N /ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha, though 45 kg N /ha rate had not cause statistically significant different grain yield than the preceding lower rates (36 and 27 kg N/ha). The economic analysis also supported that the highest net benefit of 23,110 Ethiopian Birr ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 1270% was obtained by the application of 27 kg N/ha. Net benefit of 21,070 ETB/ha with marginal rate of return of 80% were obtained by the application of 69 kgP2O5/ha. As a result, a combined application of 27 kg N/ha and 69 kgP2O5/ha are optimum and economical for better common bean production at Areka and similar areas.
An efficient incentive of Nitrate and Fluoride on Organic highland cropping s...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Exerting necessitated concentrations of Nitrate and fluoride to the organic highland cropping
systems is a vital management technique. All the chemical elements of the earth’s crust occur in widely differing
omnipresent concentrations, due to their different nuclear chemical formation and geochemical history. The use
of biological nitrogen and fluoride inputs complicates its balancing act due to dandier uncertainty in inorganic
Nitrogen and Fluoride availability. The growers to strike maintain Nitrogen provisioning to support crop
growth and retention of limit pollution followed by fluoride associated soils. Due to various activities of the man
in domestic field, agriculture area and industrial establishment the environment around us consisting soil, water
and air gets polluted. Fluoride inexhaustible concentrations forbid the growth of crop even though nitrates
reposit in the cultivated soils. The purpose of this project was to establish kinetics when nitro fluorides
associated in the highland soils to different crop systems towards environmental pollutions. Cordia Africana
and alfalfa are the plants which make soil to get enrichment of Nitrates and deescalate of concentrations of
fluorides from cultivated soils through its decomposition. This entire study went on its conventionally tilled
crops followed by Cordia Africana and alfalfa stems and leaf particles. Surface soil nitrate concentrations were
measured weekly, biweekly by volumetric analysis and nitrate leaching was estimated from tension Lysimeters
which were buried at the soil bedrock interface. Subsequently by using Orion 720A fluoride ion meter, deescalated
concentrations of fluorides have been measured. The demonstrated concentrations of Soil in NO3
variables, coefficients of variations from the mean concentrations across all samplings have been recorded
sporadically. The total area of the soil bed was maintained the same PH values until project was completed by
weigh Lysimeters. The timing of elevated Nitrate concentrations (10-15PPM) and the concentrations of fluoride
in deeper soil water corresponds with fallow periods. These dynamics will assist growers in adapting the timing
management operations and reduces nitrate departures.
Ecophysiological Yield Components In Wheat Cultivars Under Variable Phosphoru...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Effects of P deficiency and interactions Cultivar x P available, on wheat yield and ecophysiological components were analysed, considering that the grain number m-2 is the product of the length of spike growth period, crop growth rate during this phase, the proportion of growth for spikes (partitioning) and spike fertility (grain number produced per unit of spike dry weight). Four cultivars with different strategy to generate yield (i.e. combinations of ecophysiological yield components) were compared with and without P fertilization, during two years in Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The soil was moderately P deficient (7-9 mg P kg-1 soil) and P fertilization treatments (50 kg P ha-1) were established at sowing. P deficiencies affected yield and most of its components, the exceptions were: partitioning to spike, spike growth period and radiation use efficiency. The interaction Cultivar x P fertilization was not significant in all cases. The lack of interaction between cultivar and P level suggest that improvements in any crop physiological component will express in both, moderately deficiencies or high P environment.
2 ijhaf dec-2017-3-effect of biochar issued fromAI Publications
Cassava is an important food crop cultivated (75%) by smallholder farmers. However, yields are very low and rarely exceed 17tons/ha-1. A study was carried out at Nkolbisson in the humid forest zone (HFZ) of Cameroon to assess the effect of three types of biochar issued from Cassava (CSb), Ricehusk (RHb), and Corncob (CCb) on the root yield of variety 8034 cassava cultivated along a soil fertility gradient. The biochars were produced using an Elsa pyrolysis technology with carbonisation time of 50-58mins and temperature ranging from 400-6500C. Twelve 8m2 plots were constructed in three sites from the higher elevated, moderately elevated and flat fields.The biochars were applied at 20t.ha-1in three replicationsin a completely randomized design.Results showed that the biochars were high in nutrients containing 4.17-18.15g.kg-1 N, 22.26-42.51 mg.kg-1 P, 2.48-4.18 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (H2O: 7.78-10.81) and were significantly higher than the no-input soil containing 0.79g.kg-1 N, 7.41mg.kg-1 P, 1.42 cmol.kg-1 K and pH (5.68). Cassava root yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in RHb plots (23.22 t.ha-1) than CCb (20.53 t.ha-1), CSb (18.67 t.ha-1) and the no-input soil (16.13 t.ha-1). The addition of biochar particularly RHb, increasednutrient uptake in cassava leaves and roots compared with theno-input soil. The study concludes that biochars with higher N, Pand K content tend to increase cassava root yield and suggestsincreasing the quantity of biochar to 40t/ha-1or continuous application in combination with other farming options such as poultry manure, compost or mineral fertilizer tomaximize cassava productivity given the benefits of biochar.
1) The study assessed the impact of different cultivation methods on soil fertility and rural livelihoods in Arsi Zone, southeast Ethiopia. 2) Soil samples were collected from fields with different cropping systems, including wheat-wheat, wheat-barley, wheat-bean, and wheat-maize. 3) The results showed that wheat-bean and wheat-pea cropping systems improved soil properties like soil organic matter and total nitrogen, while wheat-barley and wheat-maize systems had adverse effects compared to continuous wheat cropping.
Impact of organic and conventional practices on, soil health and crop yield u...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This study evaluated the impact of organic and conventional farming practices on soil health and crop yields in Bangladesh over 7 years. Soil samples were taken from plots using organic fertilizers (compost and BAOFER), no inputs (control), and chemical fertilizers (conventional). The organic soils had significantly higher organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microbial populations compared to conventional soils. Crop yields in organic plots gradually increased over 5 years and were similar to conventional yields by the end. The study found that applying 15 tonnes/hectare/year of compost improved soil health and vegetable yields under tropical conditions.
Using agronomic biofortification to boost zinc, selenium,.pdfIqbalHussain913371
This study investigated the biofortification of zinc, selenium, and iodine in food crops grown on soils in China's Loess Plateau region, which is typically deficient in these micronutrients. Field trials were conducted applying fertilizers of selenium, zinc, and iodine individually and in combination to the soil and as foliar sprays on winter wheat. The results showed that soil-applied selenium increased selenium concentrations in wheat, maize, soybean, potato, cabbage, and canola to target levels. Foliar selenium and zinc also effectively boosted levels of these nutrients in wheat grain. Soil zinc only increased levels in cabbage and canola, while foliar zinc was effective for wheat. Soil
Ameliorative potential of rice hull and straw in the ecological restoration o...Open Access Research Paper
Rice hull and straw are renewable wastes contain 28-30% of inorganic and 70-72% of organic compounds. Its ameliorative potential in enhancing the physicochemical properties of mine degraded soils was investigated. Soils collected from Backfill Material/Overburden (BM) and desilted materials (DM) from settling ponds of Carrascal Nickel Corporation (CNC) were used following six treatments. BM and DM from settling ponds were treated with rice hull and rice straw with 2:1 ratio by weight, respectively. After ameliorating soils from overburden and silted materials from CNC with rice straw and rice hull, observations showed that there are no significant differences in pH, % Organic Matter (OM) and phosphorous (P) between treatments; there is high significant difference (p<0.01) in potassium (K) between treatments except between treatment 3 (soil 1 with rice straw) and treatment 6 (soil 2 with rice hull) where there is no significant difference noted; and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, S and Zn in soils with rice hull did not differ with soils before amelioration, but differed to soils with rice straw, while results in soil texture exhibited otherwise. Therefore, rice straw and rice hull have ameliorative properties that will improve the physico-chemical characteristics of mine degraded soils. It is recommended that rice straw and rice hull will be allowed to decompose in mine degraded soils to enhance its physico-chemical properties. It is also recommended to conduct studies on the response of different crops to mine degrade soils ameliorated with rice straw and rice hull.
The response of haricot bean to phosphorus application on ultisols at areka, ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the response of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on Ultisols in Areka, Ethiopia. Seven levels of P (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha-1) were tested in a randomized complete block design. Key findings include:
1) P application significantly reduced time to physiological maturity but did not significantly affect other growth parameters.
2) Grain yield and total biomass increased significantly with P application up to 40 kg P ha-1, with maximum yields of 25.47 dt ha-1 and 45.97 dt ha-
Similar to Dry matter accumulation in maize as influenced by row (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
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A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
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A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
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A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
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Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
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The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Dry matter accumulation in maize as influenced by row
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
Dry Matter Accumulation In Maize As Influenced By Row
Arrangement, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Levels In Maize (Zea
Mays L)/ Castor (Ricinus Commumis L.) Mixture
Arunah U.L*; E.B. Amans; M. Mahmud; A. Ahmed; G. L. Luka; A. S. Isah; B.A. Babaji; E.C Odion
Department of Agronomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
*Email address: luckii20002000@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm Samaru, Zaria in the Northern
Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2007, 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to evaluate the effect of row
arrangements, nitrogen and phosphorus levels on maize dry matter accumulation. The treatments consisted of
factorial combinations of three alternate row arrangements of maize: castor in 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, four levels of
nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and three levels of phosphorus (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha-1), laid out in a split
plot design and replicated three times. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were assigned to the main plots while
row arrangements were assigned to the sub-plots. The result showed that row arrangement significantly
increased plant height and LAI only at 10 WAS in 2007and 2008. Where 1:2 recorded higher measured
parameters than the other patterns. Increase in nitrogen up to 120 kg N ha-1 resulted in significantly taller plants
and higher LAI in 2007 and at 10 WAS in 2009. TDM was also observed to increase throughout the years of
study except at 10 WAS. The response was observed up to 120 kg N ha-1 for most of the parameters. Application
of phosphorus significantly increased plant height only in 2009, LAI in 2007 and 2009, and TDM at 6 WAS in
2007 only. These parameters showed no response beyond applied 26 kg P ha-1. Based on the finding of this study,
maize can be intercropped with castor with 1:2 planting pattern with application of 80 kg N ha –l plus 26 kg P ha
–l
.
Key words; nitrogen, phosphorus, leaf area index, total dry matter
Introduction
Row intercropping involves growing of two or more crops in well defined rows, thus maximizing the interaction
between the crops (Palaniappan and Sivaraman, 2006). The potential for improved mixed cropping in increasing
world food supply can be justified with the low risk involve, increase food diet, reduced weeds, low level of
insect and pest infestation. There is paucity of information on maize and castor mixture in this ecological zone of
Nigeria. Maize is grown in mixture with cereals, legumes, tubers and oil seed crops, thus increasing its expanse
of cultivation and acceptability among farmers. Commercial production of castor started about fifty years ago in
India and USA for producing cosmetics, sporting equipment, plastics, dyes, paints and lubricants. But in Nigeria
it is used in demarcating farms and fence for houses or boundaries. However, being crop with good economic
potential, its cultivation as a cash crop will help increase the income of poor resource farmers. The problem of
producing these crops in mixture might be basically shading effect from the castor plant due to its broad leaf
nature. Thus this might reduce the light interception from the maize leaf, leading to reduce dry matter production
and accumulation. But if a good plating pattern is adopted, it helps reduce this problem and thus the advantage of
having both food and industrial material for the farmer.
The major cause of low yields in savanna soils is the low nitrogen and phosphorus as well as inappropriate use of
fertilizer. The problem is further compounded by soil erosion, severe leaching of nutrients and rapid
decomposition of organic matter induced by heavy rainfall, high temperature and relative humidity, (Steiner,
1982). Maize and castor requires nitrogen and phosphorus for good vegetative growth and root development for
maximum dry mater accumulation. A lot of work has been carried out on fertilizer requirement of maize while
little is known about the fertility requirement for castor. For the mixture of the two crops very little is known in
Nigeria as it is not a common practice. This poses a serious challenge of a need to avoid the possibility of either
under or over application of these nutrients to these crops in mixture. The study was thus carried out to
investigate the most appropriate planting pattern, optimum nitrogen and phosphorus levels for dry matter
production in maize.
34
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Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm Samaru, Zaria (11o11’N 07o38’E,
686m above sea level) in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2007, 2008 and 2009 rainy
seasons. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three alternate row arrangements of maize: castor in
1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) and three levels of phosphorus (13, 26 and
39 kg P ha-1). The treatments were laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. Nitrogen and
phosphorus fertilizer treatments were factorially combined and assigned to the main plots while row
arrangements were assigned to the sub-plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) was applied as per treatment, in two
equal doses by side placement at 3 and 6 WAS after the first and second weeding respectively. The phosphorus
fertilizer (in the form of SSP) in amount according to treatments was applied at sowing. The net plot size varied
with row arrangement of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 (50:50, 33:67, and 67:33). Row spacing of 75 cm and plant spacing of
25 and 40 cm were adopted for maize and castor respectively.
Data was collected on plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter at 6 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS).
These were analysed statistically in accordance with Snedecor and Cochran (1967). The means were compared
using Duncan Multiple Range Test (Duncan 1955).
Results and Discussion
The soil physico-chemical properties of the experimental site during the 2007 to 2009 rainy seasons are
presented in Table 1. The analysis shows that the soil was loamy in nature from 0- 30 cm depth for the three
years, except at 15- 30 cm in 2008 where it was clay loam in nature. The organic carbon, total nitrogen and
available phosphorus were generally low in the three years of the study. The low level of nutrient might be due
to the poor parent material of the soil, heavy rainfall experienced in the savanna, high temperatures and
inadequate use of fertilizers.
The effect of row arrangement, nitrogen and phosphorus application on plant height of maize during 2007, 2008
and 2009 rainy seasons are shown in Table 2. The height of maize plant was significantly affected by row
arrangement only at 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) in 2007. Where the maize plant heights were at par at the 1:1
and 1:2 maize: castor intercrop and the 2:1 produced shorter plants. The taller plants observed in the 1:1 and 1:2
could be attributed to the shading effect from the castor plant. Thus the maize plants in these planting patterns
might have resulted in etiolation as a result of competition that gave them the height. Adeyemi et al. (2001) and
Anonymous, (2002) reported similar findings.
Nitrogen application significantly increased maize plant height only in 2007 and 10 WAS in 2009. Where the
application of 120 kg N ha –l resulted in taller plants than when no nitrogen was applied. This rate was however,
observed to be at par with other nitrogen levels except, at 10 WAS in 2007 with applied 40 kg N ha –l and at 6
WAS in 2007 with applied at 40 or 80 kg N ha –l where it recorded taller plants. Influence of N on the plant
height indicate the major role it plays in plant biochemistry, as an essential constituent of chlorophyll increasing
crops vegetative ability in terms of height. Jaliya (2004) reported similar finding of maize response to N levels.
Maize plant height was significantly increased with the application of phosphorus in 2009 only. The result
showed that the application of 39 kg P ha –l produced taller plants than 13 kg P ha –l, but significantly comparable
to 266 kg P ha –l. There was no significant interactions observe between the treatments. Phoshorus plays a role in
root establishment and development which might have assisted in increasing N absorption by the plant, this
could have enhance maize plant height. Similar result has been recorded by research work conducted by IITA,
(2007).
Table 3 shows the effect of row arrangement, nitrogen and phosphorus application on LAI of maize during 2007,
2008 and 2009 rainy seasons. Leaf area index was only significantly affected by row arrangement at 10 WAS in
2007 and 2008. The 1:2 arrangement (maize: castor) resulted in higher LAI than the other two arrangements
which were at par. The higher maize LAI observed in 1:2 row arrangement could be ascribed to the taller plants
obtained at this period which enhanced more leaf formation and expansion, thus increasing light interception and
land area covered.
Increase in nitrogen significantly affected LAI in 2007 and only at 10 WAS in 2010. LAI was significantly
increased by the application of 40 kg N ha –l at 10 WAS in 2007 and 2009 than the control. The application of
120 kg N ha –l was found to result in significantly higher LAI at the affected sampling periods except at 10 WAS
35
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
in 2007 and 2009 where it was at par to applied 80 kg N ha –l. The significant response on LAI could be
attributed to longer and broader leaf of the fertilized crops compared to the control which might have resulted to
better light interception and land coverage. Similar findings were reported by Ayuba et al. (2002).
Phosphorus application significantly affected LAI only in 2007 and 2009. LAI increased significantly with the
application of 13 to 26 kg P ha –l but beyond that comparable increases responses were observed at all the
affected periods except at 10 WAS in 2009. At this periods higher LAI was recorded only with the application of
39 kg P ha –l than the control. Significant interactions were observed between nitrogen and phosphorus at 10
WAS in 2007 and 2009. The increase in maize plant height might have increased number of leaves formed, leaf
length and width thus increasing land area covered, thus the reason for the significant increase in LAI. The low
soil P level in Table 1 might also be attributed to the response observed on maize growth characters to P
application. Research work conducted by Naik et al. (1993) and Hussaini (2000) have shown positive response
of maize to P fertilizer.
The interactions between nitrogen and phosphorus in 2007 and 2009 are presented in Table 4. In 2007
application of 80 N + 39 P (kg ha –l) resulted in higher LAI when compared with the N control at 13 kg P ha –l.
Applied 80 N + 13 P (kg ha –l) increased LAI than when no N was applied with at 13 kg P ha –l in 2009. The
significant response of maize LAI on applied nitrogen and phosphorus signifies the importance of nitrogen and
phosphorus for growth and development which lead to higher photosynthetic activities. The phosphorus might
have helped in root development that assisted the rate of nitrogen absorption. At zero N, LAI responded to the
highest P levels which show that this element is very important for maize growth. At other Nitrogen levels P
response was not beyond application of 26 kg P ha –l, which could be due to synergic and compensation between
the elements, this was further confirmed at the highest N level where no response was recorded. Similar
significant response between nitrogen and phosphorus were reported by, Baba (2002), and Inyang, (2006).
The effect of row arrangement, nitrogen and phosphorus application on maize total dry matter (TDM) during
2007, 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons are shown in Table 5. Row arrangement of maize: castor had no significant
effect on TDM in the three years of the trial. However, application of N was observed to significantly affect
maize TDM throughout the years of study except, at 10 WAS in 2008. Application of 120 kg N ha –l resulted in
increase in TDM than when nitrogen was not applied but, it was at par with other nitrogen levels except at 6
WAS in 2007and 2009. At the affected periods the application of 120 kg N ha –l recorded higher TDM than
applied 40 and 80 kg N ha –l. The significant response on LAI could have resulted to taller plants, higher growth,
more assimilate formation for dry matter production than the control. Similar finding were reported by Sharifai,
et al. (2008).
Significant response to application of phosphorus on TDM was recorded only at 6 WAS in 2007. Where applied
26 kg P ha –l produced the highest TDM than to the other levels which were a similar. There was no significant
influence on TDM by the interacting factors.
Conclusion
Based on the finding of this study, maize can be intercropped with castor at 1:2 row arrangement with
application of 80 kg N ha –l plus 26 kg P ha –l.
References
Adeyemi, A.A.; T.A.T. Wahua and A.O. Ayeni (2001). Effect of Cropping Patterns and NPK
(15-15:15) Fertilizer Application on N, P, and K Uptake of Componet Crops In: cassava/ maize/ /Melon
Intercrop. Industrial Crops and Products Volume 31, (1) January 2010, Pages 185-19
Anonymous (2002). A hand book for innovative maize-legume intercropping. SACRED Africa,
Bungoma, Kenya, May 2002. In Agrobrief number 4 Intercropping of Annual food crops. Martine Van
Wolfswinkel, 20 pp
Ayuba, M; M.A. Nadeem; M.S. Sharar; N. Mhamoud (2002). Response of maize (Zea mays L.)
fodder to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Asia Journal of Plant Science (A): 352- 254.
Baba I.S.C. (2002). Effect of plant density and rate of NPK fertilizer on the performance of
36
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
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Vol.3, No.13, 2013
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popcorn (Zea mays L.). Unpublished B.Agric Poject, submitted to Department of
Agronomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.48pp
Duncan, D. B ( 1955). Multiple Range and Multiple "F" test Biometrics 11: 1-42.
Hussaini M.A.; S.G. Ado; H. Mani (2002). Influenced of nitrogen management and planting date
on the performance of pop corn in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Journal of the
Science of Agriculture, food Technology and the Environment volume 2 No. 1. Eboyin state
University, Abakaliki pp 24- 30.
IITA (2007). Multiple Croppping. IITA Research guide 60 http//www.iitaresearch.
org/ details/ trn_mat/irg60 html
Inyang, S.J. (2006). Effect of NPK fertilizer and plant density on the performance of quality
protein maize (Zea maize L.) at Samaru, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, submitted to
Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.20-64pp
Jaliya M. M. (2004). Effect of Sowing Date and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Quality
Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Unpublished M,sc Thesis
submitted to Postgraduate School, A.B.U Zaria, Nigeria. 75- 77.
Naik, K.G.A; G.R. Manure; M.K Badiger (1993). Yield of castor by fertilizing with P, S and B.
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 41(4) 686-688 cited from Field crop abstract 1994
47(10) pp859.
Palaniappan, S.P and K. Sivaraman (2006). Cropping systems in the tropics;
Principles and Management. New Age Internaional (P) Ltd, publisher. 3rd Ed.
Pp 7- 63.
Sharifai, A.I; M. Mahamud; M.A. Mahadi; H.N. Kura; A. Namakka (2008). Effect of different
levels of NPK compound fertilizer on growth parameters of extra early maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Journal of
Agricultural Research and Policies 3 (2): 65-69.
Snedecor, G.W and W.G Cochran (1967) statistical methods 10th ed. Iowa state university press.
Ames, Iowa U.S.A 456 pp
Steiner, K.G. (1982). Intercroppingin tropical small holder agriculture with reference to West
Africa. German agency for Technical Co-operation (GTZ) D. 6236. Eschhorn, Germany.Agronomy Journal 9pp.
37
5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
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Vol.3, No.13, 2013
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Table1: The physico-chemical properties of soil in the experiment site at Samaru in 2007,
2008and 2009 rainy seasons
Physical composition (%)
2007
2008
2009
0- 15
15-30
0-15
15-30
0-15
15-30
Sand
480
440
380
280
480
480
Silt
420
480
400
300
400
360
Clay
100
80
220
420
120
160
Textural class
Loam
Loam
Loam
Clay
loam
Loam
Loam
pH in water
6.29
5.00
6.20
4.90
5.90
5.60
pH in 0.01 ml CaCl2
4.85
4.00
4.50
3.90
5.20
5.10
Organic carbon
(%)
0.76
0.66
0.84
0.56
0.52
0.48
Total Nitrogen
(%)
0.13
0.13
0.18
0.15
0.14
0.10
Available phosphorus
(ppm)
12.60
14.07
13.80
15.10
12.25
5.25
Chemical composition
Exchangeable bases (Cmol kg -l)
Ca
3.74
2.21
4.17
8.33
1.00
0.80
Mg
0.77
0.55
1.42
2.64
0.60
0.69
K
0.20
0.30
0.33
0.35
0.23
0.15
Na
0.19
0.25
0.30
0.35
1.20
1.60
CEC
5.69
12.21
7.60
14.80
5.30
5.80
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Table 2: Effect of row arrangement, levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant height (cm) of
maize during rainy season of 2007, 2008 and 2009
Treatments
2007
2008
2009
(WAS)
(WAS)
(WAS)
6
10
6
10
6
10
Row arrangements
1:1
67.4
140.1a
99.8
176.6
79.9
156.1
1:2
67.9
140.0a
104.7
177.6
77.4
156.3
2:1
66.2
130.0b
103.7
172.7
76.6
156.8
1.7
2.6
3.4
2.6
2.1
2.8
SE +
N levels (kg N ha–l)
0
52.9c
119.8c
100.3
173.6
73.1
141.6b
40
67.3b
135.5b
102.3
175.5
80.3
160.3a
80
68.5b
143.4ab
101.5
173.3
80.1
164.1a
120
80.9a
147.5a
106.8
180.9
78.3
159.6a
2.0
3.0
3.9
3.1
2.4
3.2
SE +
P levels (kg P ha–l)
13
67.5
134.0
104.3
173.9
71.7b
150.0b
26
65.6
136.1
103.1
176.4
80.7a
159.6a
39
64.5
139.8
100.8
176.6
81.4a
159.6a
SE +
1.7
2.6
3.4
2.6
2.1
2.8
RXN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
RXP
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NXP
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Means followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at P = 0.05 using DMRT NS=
Not significantly different at P = 0.05
Table 3: Effect of row arrangement, levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on LAI of maize during
rainy season of 2007, 2008 and 2009
Treatments
2007
2008
2009
(WAS)
(WAS)
(WAS)
6
10
6
10
6
10
Row arrangements
1:1
0.83
1.64b
0.25
0.30b
1.33
2.55
1:2
0.76
1.76a
0.22
0.33a
1.46
2.60
2:1
0.76
1.57b
0.21
0.30b
1.39
2.50
SE +
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.08
N levels (kg N ha–l)
0
0.56b
1.22c
0.21
0.30
1.31
2.32c
40
0.89b
1.74b
0.22
0.30
1.43
2.45b
80
0.84b
1.84ab
0.21
0.32
1.40
2.67ab
120
0.99a
1.87a
0.24
0.31
1.42
2.75a
SE +
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.09
P levels (kg P ha–l)
13
0.74b
1.54b
0.22
0.31
1.27b
2.39b
26
0.86a
1.67a
0.22
0.31
1.43a
2.55ab
39
0.84a
1.76a
0.25
0.30
1.47a
2.72a
SE +
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.08
RXN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
RXP
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NXP
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
**
Means followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at P = 0.05 using DMRT NS=
Not significantly different at P = 0.05
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7. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
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Table 4: Interaction between N and P level on leaf area index of maize at 10 WAS in 2007 and
2009 at Samaru
P level (kg P ha –l)
N levels (kg N ha –l)
13
26
39
2007
0
0.94d
1.20d
1.43c
40
1.70b
1.73ab
1.72b
80
1.68b
1.87ab
1.96a
120
1.82ab
1.89ab
1.87ab
SE +
0.074
2009
0
1.8d
2.25c
2.92ab
40
2.6bc
2.24c
2.77abc
80
2.4c
3.11a
2.70abc
120
2.6bc
2.58bc
2.49bc
SE + 0.150
Means having the same letters are not statistically different at P = 0.05 (DMRT)
Table 5: Effect of row arrangement, levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on TDM (g) of maize during rainy season
of 2007, 2008 and 2009
Treatments
2007
2008
2009
(WAS)
(WAS)
(WAS)
6
10
6
10
6
10
Row arrangements
1:1
37.3
117.1
55.8
112.9
38.7
116.6
1:2
40.0
120.1
52.0
118.5
38.9
122.2
2:1
39.4
116.4
52.7
106.9
38.7
115.4
SE +
1.90
3.78
4.02
5.32
2.72
4.43
N levels (kg N ha–l)
0
31.6c
106.7b
44.7b
114.0
32.5b
104.9c
40
38.0b
116.1ab
49.6ab
105.4
35.6b
114.9b
80
41.9ab
123.3a
56.8ab
116.1
42.0a
123.6a
120
44.5a
126.0a
62.9a
115.6
45.1a
129.5a
SE +
2.20
4.37
4.64
6.15
3.15
5.13
P levels (kg P ha–l)
13
35.5b
114.6
54.1
120.1
37.5
116.3
26
45.3a
124.4
53.2
111.8
40.7
122.6
39
35.4b
114.0
53.3
106.5
37.9
114.8
SE +
1.90
3.78
4.02
5.32
2.72
4.43
RXN
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
RXP
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NXP
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Means followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at P = 0.05 using DMRT NS=
Not significantly different at P = 0.05
40
8. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.13, 2013
www.iiste.org
Biography
Arunah U.L was given birth in Auchi town, Edo State Nigeria on 4th March 1973. I obtained B.Agric in 2000,
M.Sc Agronomy in 2004 and PhD in Agronomy in 2012 all from Department of Agronomy, Ahmedu Bello
University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. My area of specialization is farming systems / organic agriculture.
I became a member of the Organic Agriculture Project in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria in 2006, member
Horticultural society of Nigeria in 2010 and member of ISOFAR in 2011
41
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