The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Peristaltic flow of blood through coaxial vertical channel with effect of mag...ijmech
The present paper investigates the effects of peristaltic flow of blood through coaxial vertical channel with
effect of magnetic field: blood flow study.The effects of various physical parameters on axial velocity and
pressure gradient have been computed numerically. It is observed that the maximum velocity increases
with increase in Magnetic field (M) even though for phase shiptııııı/ 4 for all the two cases
= - 0.5,
= -1. However, opposite effects are noticed for
= 0.5,
= 1.
1) The document describes different methods for analyzing fluid motion, including the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian method follows individual fluid particles, while the Eulerian method examines velocity at fixed points in space.
2) It also defines key concepts in fluid motion, such as uniform versus non-uniform flow, steady versus unsteady flow, streamlines, and one-dimensional versus multi-dimensional flow.
3) The key differences between the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods are discussed, as well as how streamlines and stream tubes relate to velocity fields in steady fluid flows.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics fundamentals, including:
- The four primary dimensions in fluid mechanics are mass, length, time, and force. All other variables can be expressed in terms of these.
- Liquids can be treated as incompressible for most fluid mechanics problems since pressure changes are typically not large enough to cause changes in density.
- Viscosity describes a fluid's resistance to shear forces or layer sliding, and can result in either laminar (smooth) flow or turbulent (chaotic) flow.
1. The document presents an overview of a training package on fluid kinematics for students of environmental engineering.
2. It defines key concepts like fluid velocity, acceleration, types of flow, and the continuity equation.
3. Performance objectives are provided to help students understand fluid kinematics and related concepts after completing the training package.
This document discusses two-dimensional ideal fluid flow. It begins by defining an ideal fluid as having no viscosity, compressibility, or surface tension. The continuity equation is then derived, stating that the net flow out of a control volume must equal the change in mass within the volume. Euler's equations are also derived, forming a set of partial differential equations that can be solved to determine pressure and velocity fields. Bernoulli's equation is obtained by integrating the Euler equations, relating total pressure, velocity, and elevation. The concepts of rotational and irrotational flow are introduced, with irrotational flow defined as having zero rotation of any fluid element.
The document discusses results from ab initio calculations on hydrogen-related defects in crystalline silicon using density functional theory. Key findings include:
1) Atomic hydrogen exists in charged states (H+ and H-) with a negative-U effect of -0.32 eV in agreement with experiments. H+ and H- are the dominant species based on calculated formation energies.
2) Migration barriers for H+ and H- between sites are 0.46 eV, consistent with the experimental value of 0.48 eV. Barrier for H2 migration is much higher at ~2.5 eV, making H2 immobile compared to H+ and H-.
3) Vacancies are more mobile than hydrogen and tend to
This document discusses key concepts in fluid kinematics and dynamics. It defines streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines as field lines that describe the motion of fluid particles. Streamlines show instantaneous velocity, pathlines show trajectories over time, and streaklines show where particles have passed. The document also classifies fluid flows as steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, laminar or turbulent, rotational or irrotational, and one, two, or three-dimensional. Finally, it discusses momentum equations and their application to forces on pipe bends, as well as Bernoulli's theorem.
Peristaltic flow of blood through coaxial vertical channel with effect of mag...ijmech
The present paper investigates the effects of peristaltic flow of blood through coaxial vertical channel with
effect of magnetic field: blood flow study.The effects of various physical parameters on axial velocity and
pressure gradient have been computed numerically. It is observed that the maximum velocity increases
with increase in Magnetic field (M) even though for phase shiptııııı/ 4 for all the two cases
= - 0.5,
= -1. However, opposite effects are noticed for
= 0.5,
= 1.
1) The document describes different methods for analyzing fluid motion, including the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian method follows individual fluid particles, while the Eulerian method examines velocity at fixed points in space.
2) It also defines key concepts in fluid motion, such as uniform versus non-uniform flow, steady versus unsteady flow, streamlines, and one-dimensional versus multi-dimensional flow.
3) The key differences between the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods are discussed, as well as how streamlines and stream tubes relate to velocity fields in steady fluid flows.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics fundamentals, including:
- The four primary dimensions in fluid mechanics are mass, length, time, and force. All other variables can be expressed in terms of these.
- Liquids can be treated as incompressible for most fluid mechanics problems since pressure changes are typically not large enough to cause changes in density.
- Viscosity describes a fluid's resistance to shear forces or layer sliding, and can result in either laminar (smooth) flow or turbulent (chaotic) flow.
1. The document presents an overview of a training package on fluid kinematics for students of environmental engineering.
2. It defines key concepts like fluid velocity, acceleration, types of flow, and the continuity equation.
3. Performance objectives are provided to help students understand fluid kinematics and related concepts after completing the training package.
This document discusses two-dimensional ideal fluid flow. It begins by defining an ideal fluid as having no viscosity, compressibility, or surface tension. The continuity equation is then derived, stating that the net flow out of a control volume must equal the change in mass within the volume. Euler's equations are also derived, forming a set of partial differential equations that can be solved to determine pressure and velocity fields. Bernoulli's equation is obtained by integrating the Euler equations, relating total pressure, velocity, and elevation. The concepts of rotational and irrotational flow are introduced, with irrotational flow defined as having zero rotation of any fluid element.
The document discusses results from ab initio calculations on hydrogen-related defects in crystalline silicon using density functional theory. Key findings include:
1) Atomic hydrogen exists in charged states (H+ and H-) with a negative-U effect of -0.32 eV in agreement with experiments. H+ and H- are the dominant species based on calculated formation energies.
2) Migration barriers for H+ and H- between sites are 0.46 eV, consistent with the experimental value of 0.48 eV. Barrier for H2 migration is much higher at ~2.5 eV, making H2 immobile compared to H+ and H-.
3) Vacancies are more mobile than hydrogen and tend to
This document discusses key concepts in fluid kinematics and dynamics. It defines streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines as field lines that describe the motion of fluid particles. Streamlines show instantaneous velocity, pathlines show trajectories over time, and streaklines show where particles have passed. The document also classifies fluid flows as steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, laminar or turbulent, rotational or irrotational, and one, two, or three-dimensional. Finally, it discusses momentum equations and their application to forces on pipe bends, as well as Bernoulli's theorem.
A study-to-understand-differential-equations-applied-to-aerodynamics-using-cf...zoya rizvi
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its application to aerodynamics. It begins by introducing CFD and the governing equations of fluid dynamics - the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. These partial differential equations can be used to model fluid flow. The document then examines the finite control volume approach and substantial derivative used to develop the Navier-Stokes equations from fundamental principles. An example application of CFD to aerodynamics is provided. The document aims to explain the methodology of CFD, including establishing the governing equations and interpreting results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document contains a question paper for a mechanical engineering examination with 15 multiple choice and numerical problems covering topics in fluid mechanics and machinery. The problems address concepts like cavitation, pressure drops in pipes, dimensional analysis, flow through turbines and pumps, and hydraulic efficiencies. The questions require calculations of flow rates, head losses, velocity triangles, and efficiencies based on given fluid properties, pipe dimensions, pump/turbine specifications, and operating conditions.
Lattice boltzmann simulation of non newtonian fluid flow in a lid driven cavitIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that uses Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to simulate non-Newtonian fluid flow in a lid driven cavity. The study explores the mechanism of non-Newtonian fluid flow using the power law model to represent shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids. It investigates the influence of power law index and Reynolds number on velocity profiles and streamlines. The LBM code is validated against published results and shows agreement with established theory and fluid rheological behavior.
This document contains 32 multiple choice questions from a 2012 physics exam administered by JSTSE. The questions cover topics in mechanics, energy, electricity, optics, and astronomy. For each question, the possible multiple choice answers are provided along with the answer key.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Blood Flow (Elastico- Viscous) Under Periodic Bod...IOSR Journals
Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnetic field on blood flow in cylindrical artery through porous medium. In this paper blood is considered elastico viscous, Non Newtonian fluid and flow is assumed as fully developed and laminar. Laplace transforms and Finite Hankel Transforms are used to obtain the analytical expression for velocity profile, flow rate and fluid acceleration. The effect of magnetic field on velocity and fluid acceleration has been discussed with the help of graphs. It is found that velocity distribution, flow rate and fluid acceleration of blood in cylindrical artery decrease as magnetic field increases.
Exact Solutions for MHD Flow of a Viscoelastic Fluid with the Fractional Bur...IJMER
This paper presents an analytical study for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a
generalized Burgers’ fluid in an annular pipe. Closed from solutions for velocity is obtained by using finite
Hankel transform and discrete Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives. Finally, the
figures are plotted to show the effects of different parameters on the velocity profile.
Fluctuating Flow of Vescoelastic Fluids between Two Coaxial Cylindersinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes and compares different heuristic methods for allocating resources in housing construction projects. It analyzes six heuristic models - minimum slack, greatest resource utilization, greatest resource demand, most possible jobs, shortest processing time, and total resource usage - using data from 10 housing projects. The models are compared based on project time overrun and average resource utilization. Total resource usage heuristic allocates resources in full or part at each time period, carrying unfinished work to the next period. While minimum slack heuristic often performs best, no single heuristic is best for all projects. The document aims to evaluate which heuristic provides the optimal resource allocation with minimal time and cost overruns.
This study used latent class analysis to examine survey responses from a nationally representative sample of 7th graders in the US about their science attitudes, perceptions of teacher support, and later STEM career attainment. The analysis identified four latent classes: 1) students who found science useful and felt teacher encouragement, 2) students who found science useful but did not feel teacher encouragement, 3) students who did not find science useful but felt some teacher encouragement, and 4) students who did not find science useful and did not feel teacher encouragement. Students in the first two classes were twice as likely to enter STEM careers compared to the last two classes, indicating the importance of both positive science attitudes and perceived teacher support.
A study-to-understand-differential-equations-applied-to-aerodynamics-using-cf...zoya rizvi
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its application to aerodynamics. It begins by introducing CFD and the governing equations of fluid dynamics - the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. These partial differential equations can be used to model fluid flow. The document then examines the finite control volume approach and substantial derivative used to develop the Navier-Stokes equations from fundamental principles. An example application of CFD to aerodynamics is provided. The document aims to explain the methodology of CFD, including establishing the governing equations and interpreting results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document contains a question paper for a mechanical engineering examination with 15 multiple choice and numerical problems covering topics in fluid mechanics and machinery. The problems address concepts like cavitation, pressure drops in pipes, dimensional analysis, flow through turbines and pumps, and hydraulic efficiencies. The questions require calculations of flow rates, head losses, velocity triangles, and efficiencies based on given fluid properties, pipe dimensions, pump/turbine specifications, and operating conditions.
Lattice boltzmann simulation of non newtonian fluid flow in a lid driven cavitIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that uses Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to simulate non-Newtonian fluid flow in a lid driven cavity. The study explores the mechanism of non-Newtonian fluid flow using the power law model to represent shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids. It investigates the influence of power law index and Reynolds number on velocity profiles and streamlines. The LBM code is validated against published results and shows agreement with established theory and fluid rheological behavior.
This document contains 32 multiple choice questions from a 2012 physics exam administered by JSTSE. The questions cover topics in mechanics, energy, electricity, optics, and astronomy. For each question, the possible multiple choice answers are provided along with the answer key.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Blood Flow (Elastico- Viscous) Under Periodic Bod...IOSR Journals
Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnetic field on blood flow in cylindrical artery through porous medium. In this paper blood is considered elastico viscous, Non Newtonian fluid and flow is assumed as fully developed and laminar. Laplace transforms and Finite Hankel Transforms are used to obtain the analytical expression for velocity profile, flow rate and fluid acceleration. The effect of magnetic field on velocity and fluid acceleration has been discussed with the help of graphs. It is found that velocity distribution, flow rate and fluid acceleration of blood in cylindrical artery decrease as magnetic field increases.
Exact Solutions for MHD Flow of a Viscoelastic Fluid with the Fractional Bur...IJMER
This paper presents an analytical study for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a
generalized Burgers’ fluid in an annular pipe. Closed from solutions for velocity is obtained by using finite
Hankel transform and discrete Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives. Finally, the
figures are plotted to show the effects of different parameters on the velocity profile.
Fluctuating Flow of Vescoelastic Fluids between Two Coaxial Cylindersinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes and compares different heuristic methods for allocating resources in housing construction projects. It analyzes six heuristic models - minimum slack, greatest resource utilization, greatest resource demand, most possible jobs, shortest processing time, and total resource usage - using data from 10 housing projects. The models are compared based on project time overrun and average resource utilization. Total resource usage heuristic allocates resources in full or part at each time period, carrying unfinished work to the next period. While minimum slack heuristic often performs best, no single heuristic is best for all projects. The document aims to evaluate which heuristic provides the optimal resource allocation with minimal time and cost overruns.
This study used latent class analysis to examine survey responses from a nationally representative sample of 7th graders in the US about their science attitudes, perceptions of teacher support, and later STEM career attainment. The analysis identified four latent classes: 1) students who found science useful and felt teacher encouragement, 2) students who found science useful but did not feel teacher encouragement, 3) students who did not find science useful but felt some teacher encouragement, and 4) students who did not find science useful and did not feel teacher encouragement. Students in the first two classes were twice as likely to enter STEM careers compared to the last two classes, indicating the importance of both positive science attitudes and perceived teacher support.
This document summarizes a research study that modeled and simulated a three-dimensionally braided composite using finite element analysis software. Key points:
- A four-step braided composite micromechanical model was modeled and its mechanical properties analyzed under varying parameters like braiding angle and fiber volume fraction.
- The elastic constants of the composite against the parameters were calculated and their relationships analyzed based on the simulation results.
- It was found that the through-thickness stiffness and strength of the 3D braided composite increased with reinforcement along the thickness direction. The elastic constants also decreased with increasing braiding angle.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes’ second problem for unsteady second...IJERA Editor
In this paper, we investigated the combined effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes’ second problem for
unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the
temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and
temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.
Thermal Effects in Stokes’ Second Problem for Unsteady Second Grade Fluid Flo...IOSR Journals
In this paper, we investigated the effects of magnetic field and thermal in Stokes’ second problem for unsteady second grade fluid flow through a porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and temperature field are studied through graphs in detail.
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Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
D021201031040
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 2 ||Issue|| 12 || Pages || 31-40 || 2013 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
Peristaltic motion of a Micropolar fluid under the effect of a
magnetic field in an inclined channel
1
S. V. H. N. Krishna Kumari. P, 2Saroj D Vernekar, 3Y. V. K. Ravi Kumar
1
Department of Mathematics, Auroras Scientific Technological and Research Academy, HYDERABAD, India.
2
Department of Mathematics, Methodist College of Engineering and Technology, HYDERABD, India.
3
Practice School Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences(BITS) – Pilani, HYDERABAD, India.
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Mathematical modeling and numerical solution are presented for the flow of a Micro polar fluid under the
effect of magnetic field in an inclined channel of half width ‘a’ under the considerations of low Reynolds
number. A long wavelength approximation is used to solve the flow problem. The effect of various parameters
on the pumping characteristics is discussed through graphs.
Keywords – Peristalsis, Micropolar fluid, Magnetic field, inclined channel.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 29 November 2013
Date of Acceptance: 15 December 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Peristaltic pumping is a form of fluid transport, generally from a region of lower to higher pressure,
by means of a progressive wave of area contraction or expansion which propagates along the length of a tube
like structure. Peristalsis occurs naturally as a means of pumping biofluids from one place of the body to
another. This mechanism occurs in the gastrointestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts and many other
glandular ducts in the living body. The early reviews of Ramachandra Rao and Usha [1] , Jaffrin and
Shapiro[2] , Manton [3], Brasseur et al. [4], Srivastava and Srivastava [5], Provost and Schwarz [6], Shukla
and Gupta [7], Misra and Pandey [8] ,Rao and Rajagopal [9],Kavitha et.al[10] Vajravelu et al. [11-15], Subba
Reddy[16,17], Srinivas [18,19] deal with the peristaltic transport of viscous fluids through tubes and channels
having impermeable flexible walls.
Eringen [20,21] reported the theory of micropolar fluids in which the fluid micro elements undergo
rotations without stretching. Micropolar fluids are superior to the Navier-Stokes fluids and they can sustain
stresses and body couples. Here the micro particles in the volume ∆v rotate with an angular velocity about the
centre of gravity of the volume in an average sense and is described by the micro rotation vector. The
micropolar fluids can support stress and body couples and find their applications in a special case of fluid in
which micro rotational motions are important. Airman and Cakmak [22] discussed three basic viscous flows of
micropolar fluids. They are Couette and Poiseuille flows between two parallel plates and the problem of a
rotating fluid with a free surface. The results obtained are compared with the results of the classical fluid
mechanics. Srinivasacharya et al.[23] made a study on the peristaltic pumping of a micro polar fluid in a tube.
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the science which deals with motion of highly conducting fluids in
the presence of a magnetic field. The motion conducting fluid across the magnetic field generates electric
currents which change the magnetic field, and the action of the magnetic field on these currents gives rise the
mechanical forces which modify the flow of the fluid.(Ferraro V C A,[24]). The effect of moving magnetic
field on blood flow was studied by Stud et al (Stud et al.[25]), and they observed that the effect of suitable
moving magnetic field accelerates the speed of blood.
Krishna Kumari et.al [26] studied the peristaltic pumping of a Casson fluid in an inclined channel
under the effect of a magnetic field. Krishna Kumari et.al [27] studied the peristaltic pumping of a Jeffrey fluid
in a porous tube. Ravi Kumar et.al [28] studied the unsteady peristaltic pumping in a finite length tube with
permeable wall. However, the peristaltic transport of micropolar fluids in an inclined channel in the presence
of magnetic field has not been studied.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
Page 31
2. International Journal of Engineering and Science
In view of this, we considered the peristaltic pumping of a micropolar fluid in an inclined channel
under the effect of magnetic field. This mathematical model may be useful to have a better understanding of
the physiological systems such as blood vessels.
.
II. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
Consider the peristaltic pumping of a micropolar fluid in an inclined channel of half-width ‘a’. A
longitudinal train of progressive sinusoidal waves takes place on the upper and lower walls of the channel. For
simplicity we restrict our discussion to the half-width of the channel as shown in Fig.1. The wall deformation
is given by
2
H ( X , t ) a b sin
where
is the amplitude,
( X ct )
(1)
is the wavelength and
is the wave speed.
λ
θ
Fig.1 Physical Model
Under the assumption that the channel length is an integral multiple of the wavelength
and the
pressure difference across the ends of the channel is a constant, the flow becomes steady in the wave frame
( x , y ) moving with velocity away from the fixed (laboratory) frame ( X , Y ) . The transformation between
these two frames is given by
x X ct ; y Y ; u ( x , y ) U ( X ct , Y ); v ( x , y ) V ( X ct , Y )
(2)
where U and V are velocity components in the laboratory frame and u , v are velocity components in the
wave frame. In many physiological situations it is proved experimentally that the Reynolds number of the flow
is very small. So, we assume that the flow is inertia-free. Further, we assume that the wavelength is infinite.
Using the non-dimensional quantities.
u
u
x
;x
c
;y
y
pa
; p
2
c
a
;
a
c
;h
H
a
The non-dimensional form of equations governing the motion (dropping the bars) are
u
2
y
2
N
( u 1) M
y
2 N
2
m
2
where
y
2
N
u
y
k
2
1 N
p
x
(3)
sin 0
(4)
2 0
is coupling number,
is the micro rotation velocity, u is the velocity, is the viscosity of
k
the fluid, k is the micropolar viscosity, m is the micropolar parameter, p is the fluid pressure,
Hartmann number.
www.theijes.com
The IJES
M
is the
Page 32
3. International Journal of Engineering and Science
The corresponding non-dimensional boundary conditions are
u
y
y
0
at y 0
(5)
0
at y 0
(6)
Da u
u
at y h ( x )
(7)
y
Da u
1
at y h ( x )
(8)
y
where Da is the Darcy number and is the slip parameter.
III. SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
The general solution of (3) and (4) using the boundary conditions (5)-(8) is given by
L4
u L 10 cosh( L 3 y )( L 8 L 14 L 9 ) c 1
e
L4
L3 y
e
L4 y
(9)
L3 y
e
L3
c 1 L 14 1 ( e
L4 y
e
L4 y
L1
L3
M
(9)
2
L 3 L 10 Sin ( L 3 y ) L 5 L 3 ( L 6 L 8 L 14 L 9 ) C 1 L 15 L 4 L 5 L 3
2
2
L4
2
M
1 N
2
m
2
2
p
x
1
L4 y
L 4 ( L 5 L 3 )c1e
2
2 N
sin , L 2
2 M
L
2
L 4 L 5 L 3 L 6 ( L 14 c 1 L 15 ) e
L1 M
)( L 14 1 ) c 1 L 15 L 10 L 8 cosh( L 3 y
2
m
2
m
2
2
N M
, L3
2
2
M
m
2
1
2
2
2 N
2
L 14 1 C 1 L 15 e
L3 y
(10)
L4 y
m
6
2
2 M
m
2
2
N M
2
m
2
2 N
2
2
;
2
; L5 M
2
NL
2
; L 6 1 / 2 NL
2
;
L 7 L 3 ( L 3 L 5 L 3 ); L 8 L 4 ( L 5 ( L 3 L 4 ) ( L 3 L 4 )); L 9 L 4 ( L 5 ( L 3 L 4 ) ( L 3 L 4 ));
3
3
L 10 L 4 / L 7 ; L 11
3
Da / ;
L 12 L 8 L 10 (cosh[
L 3 h ] L 11 L 3 sinh[
L 13 L 9 L 10 (cosh[
L 3 h ] L 11 L 3 sinh[
L 14 L 13 / L 12 ;
3
3
L 3 h ]) L 4 (( 1 / L 3 ) L 11 ) exp[ L 3 h ] (1 L
11
L 3 h ]) L 4 (( 1 / L 3 ) L 11 ) exp[ L 3 h ] (1 L
L 15 L 3 L 10 ( L 5 L 3 )( L 8 L 14 L 9 )(sinh[
2
L 4 ) exp[ L 4 h ];
11
L 4 ) exp[ L 4 h ];
L 3 h ] ( L 3 L 11 ) cosh[ L 3 h ]);
L 16 L 4 L 5 L 14 (exp[ L 3 h ] exp[ L 4 h ]);
L 17 L 4 L 14 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]);
L 18 L 4 L 5 (exp[ L 3 h ] exp[ L 4 h ]);
L 19 L 4 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]);
2
2
2
L 20 L 3 L 8 L 10 ( L 5 L 3 )( L 3 L 11 cosh[ L 3 h ] sinh[
2
2
L 3 h ]);
L 21 L 4 L 5 ( L 11 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]) (exp[ L 3 h ] exp[ L 4 h ]));
L 22 L 4 ( L 11 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]) ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]));
3
3
2
2
L 23 L 4 L 5 L 11 ( L 14 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]) ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]));
L 24 L 4 L 11 ( L 14 ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]) ( L 3 exp[ L 3 h ] L 4 exp[ L 4 h ]));
3
3
2
3
L 25 L 15 L 16 L 17 L 18 L 19 L 23 L 24 ; L 26 L 20 L 21 L 22 ;
c 1 ( 1 / L 25 L 6 ) ( L 15 L 26 / L 25 )
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The volume flux q through each cross section in the wave frame is given by
h
q
udy
(11)
0
The pressure gradient is obtained from equation (11)
p / x ( M
2
( 1 N ))(( q S 6 ) /( S 7 hL 12 )) L 12 ( M
S1
(12) ( L 10 / L 3 ) Sinh ( L 3 h ),
S 5 S1L9 S 2 S 3 ,
S 2 L 4 (e
L2h
1) / L 3 , S 3 ( e
2
L4h
2
sin ) /( 1 N );
1) / L 4 ,
2
(12)
S 4 S 1 L8 S 2 S 3 ,
S 6 S 4 (1 L 14 ) / L 6 L 25 , S 7 ( L 26 ( S 4 (1 L 14 ) S 5 ) / L 25
The time averaged flow rate is
Q q 1
(13)
IV. THE PUMPING CHARACTERISTICS
Integrating the equation (12) with respect to over one wave length, we get the pressure rise (drop)
over one cycle of the wave as
1
p
0
p
x
(14)
dx
The dimensionless frictional force F
at the wall across one wavelength in the inclined channel is
given by
1
F
h
0
p
dx
x
(15)
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The variation of pressure rise p with time averaged flow rate for different values of
is shown in
Fig.2. It is observed that for a given Q , p decreases as the slip parameter increases in the pumping and
free pumping regions. The opposite behavior is observed in co-pumping region. And also for a given p the
flux Q increases with increase in .
The variation of pressure rise with time averaged flow rate for different values of Hartmann
number M is shown in Fig.3. It is observed that for a given Q , p decreases for a decreasing M in pumping
and free pumping regions. For a given p
the flux Q
depends on
M
and it increases with
increasing M .The variation of pressure rise with time averaged flow rate for different values of micropolar
parameter M is shown in Fig.4. It is observed that for a given Q , p increases for a increasing
in pumping
and free pumping regions. For a given p the flux Q depends on m and it increases with increasing m .
The effect of the inclination angle on pumping characteristics is shown in Fig.5. It is observed that
for a given Q , p increases as the angle of inclination increases. Also for a given , p increases as Q
increases.The variation of pressure rise with time averaged flow rate for different values of Darcy number Da
is shown in Fig.6. It is observed that for a given Q , p increases for a increasing in Da pumping and free
pumping regions. For a given p the flux Q depends on Da and it increases with increasing Da.
The effect of coupling parameter on the pumping characteristics is shown in Fig.7. We observed that
the large the coupling number N , the pressure rises against which the pumping works. For a given Q the
pressure difference increases with increase in N .The effect of amplitude ratio on pumping characteristics is
shown in Fig.8. It is observed that the large the amplitude ratio, the greater the pressure rise against which the
pump works. For a given p , the flux Q depends on h and it increases with increasing h .
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The effect of
on pumping characteristics is shown in Fig.9. It is observed that for a given Q , p
increases as increases. Also for a given p increases as Q increases. Figs.10 to 14 are drawn to study
the effect of various parameters on the microrotation velocity. From Fig.10 it is observed that an increase in the
slip parameter decreases the microrotation velocity. From Fig. 11 it is noticed that decrease in the darcy
number decreases the microrotation velocity. From Fig. 12 it is observed that increase in M increases the
microrotation velocity. Similarly increase in coupling parameter increases the microrotation velocity and is
shown in figure.The effect of micropolar parameter on the microrotation velocity is shown in Fig.13. It can be
seen that the decrease in m decreases the microrotation velocity.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Mathematical modeling of the peristaltic pumping of a Micropolar fluid under the effect of a magnetic
field in an inclined channel is done in this paper. The following are the conclusions drawn from this.
1. Pumping decreases as the slip parameter increases in the pumping and free pumping regions. The
opposite behavior is observed in co-pumping region.
2. For a given time averaged flow rate, the pressure difference decreases for a decreasing magnetic
parameter.
3. The increase in micropolar parameter , increases the pumping in all the pumping regions. The same
phenomenon is observed for the angle of inclination, Darcy number also.
4. The effect of various parameters on the microrotation velocity is studied. An increase in the slip
parameter decreases the microrotation velocity. A decrease in the Darcy number decreases the
microrotation velocity. An increase in the magnetic parameter increases the microrotation velocity.
Similarly increase in coupling parameter increases the microrotation velocity.
0.1
0.02
0.5
0.9
0.00
P
0.02
0.04
0.06
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig. 2. Variation of p with Q for different values of .
3
M
0.32
2
M
0.34
1
P
M
0.36
0
1
2
3
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig.3. Variation of p with Q for different values of M .
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m
4.0
0.05
m
4.5
m
5.0
0.00
P
0.05
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig.4. Variation of p with Q for different values of micropolar parameter m .
0.03
1 2
0.02
8
0.01
6
0.00
P
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig. 5. Variation of p with Q for different values of angle of inclination .
0.15
Da
0.02
0.10
0.05
P
Da
0.04
Da
0.08
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig.6. Variation of p with Q for different values of Darcy number Da .
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0.15
N
0.02
0.10
N
0.04
0.05
N
0.08
0.00
P
0.05
0.10
0.15
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig.7. Variation of p with Q for different values of coupling parameter N .
0.0080
h
0.3
0.0075
h
0.5
0.0070
h
0.7
0.0065
P
0.0060
0.0055
0.0050
0.0045
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Q
Fig.8. Variation of p with Q for different values of h .
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.00
P
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
20
10
0
10
20
Q
Fig.9. Variation of p with Q for different values of .
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0
5
10
0.1
0.4
15
0.8
20
25
30
4
2
0
2
4
y
Fig.10. Variation of with y for different values of slip parameter .
5
10
15
Da
0.001
20
Da
0.002
Da
0.007
25
30
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y
Fig.11. Variation of with y for different values of Darcy number Da .
0
5
M
0.1
10
M
0.2
M
0.3
15
20
25
4
2
0
2
4
y
Fig.12. Variation of with y for different values of slip parameter .
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0
5
N
0.1
N
0.2
10
N
0.3
15
20
25
4
2
0
2
4
y
Fig.13. Variation of Ω with y for different values of coupling parameter N .
0
20
40
m
0.9
m
1
60
m
1.1
80
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y
Fig.14. Variation of Ω with y for different values of micropolar parameter m .
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BIOGRAPHIES:
S.V.H.N.Krishna Kumari.P is a gold medalist in M.Sc(Applied Mathematics) from S.P.M.V.V., Tirupati. She obtained
her Ph.D from Osmania University, Hyderabad. Her area of research is Mathematical modeling of Physiological flows. She
has 15 international research publications to her credit. Presently she is working as Professor (Mathemtics),Aurors
Scientific Technological and Research Academy, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad.
Saroj
D Verneker completed M.Sc, M.Phil from Bangalore University, Bangalore.She working as
Asst.Professor(Mathematics),Methodist College of Engineering and Technology, Abids,Hyderabad. She is pursuing her
Ph.D from JNTU, Hyderabad.
Y.V.K.Ravi Kumar did his M.Sc (Applied Mathematics) from S.V.University,Tirupati and Ph.D from Osmania
University, Hyderabad. He is having 20 years of experience in teaching Mathematics and Computer Science courses. His
research interests are Biofluid flows, Flow through porous media and speech recognition. He published 23 research papers
in international journals. He is an editorial board member of international journals JETEAS, IJMES.
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