This document provides an overview of IPv4 subnetting. It defines IP and IP addresses, and distinguishes between public and private IP addresses. It explains subnet masks versus prefix lengths and how to assign IP addresses. The key parts of an IP address are identified as the network ID and host ID. Specific IP address classes and private IP address ranges are listed. The roles of network IP, host IP, and broadcast IP are defined. Methods for converting IPv4 addresses and subnet masks to binary are introduced, as are CIDR and VLSM concepts.

1. Lesson IPv4 Subneting

2. Content
 What is IP?
 Public and Private IP address?
 Subnet mask Vs. Prefix length
 The way to assign IP address
 Network IP, Host IP and Broadcast IP
 How to covert IPv4 to binary?
 How to covert Subnet mask to binary?
 CIDR vs VLSM

3. What is IP?
The Internet Protocol that
computing devices such as
personal computers, tablets,
and smartphones use to
identify itself and
communicate with other
devices in the IP network.

4. What is IP?
IPv4 address structure
 32 bits
 4 octets ( 1 octet = 8 bits)
 ( . )
 Each octet from 0 to 255
 232 = 4,294,967,296

5. Network portion (Network ID)
: It tells us which network the
device is part of .
Host portion (Host ID) : It
identifies that unique device
within the network.

6. IP address
• CIDR
• Class A
0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255
• Class B
128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
• Class C
192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
• Class D
224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
• Class E
240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

7. Private IP address
• Class A
• 10.0.0.0/8 IP addresses: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
• Class B
• 172.16.0.0/12 IP addresses: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
• Class C
• 192.168.0.0/16 IP addresses: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

8. Subnet mask Vs. Prefix length
• Subnet mask is a 32-bit number which is used to divide the IP address
into network address and host address.

9. Subnet mask Vs. Prefix length
•The prefix length is another way of expressing
the subnet mask.
Example: 192.168.10.0/24

10. The way to assign IP address

11. Network IP, Host IP and Broadcast IP
Network IP Host IP Broadcast IP
192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1 – 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255
172.16.1.0/16 172.16.1.1 – 172.16.255.254 172.16.255.255

12. Identify IPv4
192.168.1.1/24
Network ID = Network IP 192.168.1.0
Host ID = Host IP 1 - 254
Prefix length = Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0