TCP/IP is the protocol that governs internet addressing and routing. The IANA and IETF define IP address types and classes, including Class A addresses from 0-127, Class B from 128-191, and Class C from 192-223. Routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP search for the shortest path between routed protocols like IP, IPX, and Appletalk that carry data packets. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses while IP version 6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses.

1. TCP/IP
IP addressing

2. *Internet Assigned Number
Authority(IANA)
*Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF)

4. Internet Engineering Task
force (IETF)
It is the governing body which
defines the IP address types, its
classes and Reaserch.

5. Routing Protocol and Routed
Protocol
RIP,IGRP,EIGRP,OSPF,BGP are Routing Protocols
which searches for the shortest path.
IP, IPX, Appletalk are routed protocols which
carries the data packets and travels through
the shortest path searched by routing protocol

6. IP-V4 32 (bit binary)
IP-V6 128 bit (hexadecimal)

9. I) Class -A -> 0 – 127
0 is not a network
127.0.0.1 IP address is reserved for loopback.
1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255
(126 Networks and 1,67,77,216 Host per Network)
Example:- 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.1/8
255.00.0

10. II)Class-B -> 128 - 191
128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
(16,384 Networks and 65,535 Host per Network)
Example:- 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.1/16
255.255.0.0

11. III)Class-C -> 192 - 223
192.0.0.1 - 223.255.255.255
(1,67,77,216 Network and 256 Host)
Example:- 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1/24
255.255.255.0

13. IV)Class-D -> 224 – 239
224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255
This class is reserved for Multicasting.

14. V) Class-E -> 240 - 255
240.0.0.0 - 240.255.255.255
This class is reserved for Research.

15. Reserved Private Address
I) Class-A ---> 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
II) Class-B ---> 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
III)Class-C ----> 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255