This document discusses IP addresses and MAC addresses. It provides details on: 1) IP addresses - including the structure of IP addresses, classes of IP addresses, private vs public IP addresses, and the roles of the network ID and host ID. 2) MAC addresses - including the unique 48-bit hardware number embedded in network cards, the format of MAC addresses, common manufacturer identifiers, and types of MAC addresses like unicast, multicast, and broadcast. 3) The relationship between IP addresses, which are logical addresses, and MAC addresses, which are physical addresses. IP addresses help identify devices over the network while MAC addresses uniquely identify network interfaces.

1. Course Title: ComputerNetwork
Course Code: CSE 317
Submitted by
Md. Anik
ID: 1834902582
Batch: 49th
Submitted to
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
City University
Assignment
On
IP Address, MAC Address

2. IP address: An IP address represents an internet protocol address. A unique address that
identifies the device over the network. It is almost like a set of rules governing the structure of
data sent over the internet or through a local network. An IP address helps the internet to
distinguish between different routers, computers and websites. It serves as a specific machine
identifier is a specific network and helps to improve visual communication between source and
destination.
Protocol defines W3C (World Wide Web consoleTM). Protocol means rules and regulation.
IP address structure: IP addresses are displayed as a set of four digits. For example 192.168.1.1.
Each number on the set may range from 0 to 255.
There are two types of addressing
IP divided into 5 classes
 Class A - 1 to 126
 Class B - 128 to 191
 Class C - 192 to 223
 Class D - 224 to 239
 Class E - 240 to 255
[127 numbers IP is called Loop Back Address]
Address
IpV6
Logical
address
MAC
address IP
address
IpV4
Physical
address
Private Public

3. Class A = 1 network, 1 host
Class B = 2 network, 2 host
Class C = 3 network, 3 host
For Class A 10th number IP is private IP.
For Class B 172th number IP is private IP.
For Class C 192th number IP is private IP.
IP address is basically divided into two parts: [X1. X2. X3. X4]
1. [X1. X2. X3] is the network ID: It defines the specific network where the device is
located. It is customary to fill that in the last part that is not zero.
2. [X4] is the host ID: It defines the specific device in the network.
There are four types of IP address
1. Public IP address
2. Private IP address
3. Static IP address
4. Dynamic IP address
MAC address: MAC (Media Access Control) Addresses are unique 48 bits hardware number
of a computer, which is embedded into Network Card during the time of manufacturing. MAC
Address is also known as physical Address of a network device.
Format of mac address: MAC Address is a 12 digit hexadecimal number (6 byte binary number),
which is mostly represented by colon hexadecimal notation. First 6 digits (say 00: 40: 96) of
MAC Address identify the manufacturer, called OUI (organizational unique identifier).
Here are some OUI of well-known manufacturers:
 CC: 46: D6 = Cisco
 3C: 5A: B4 = Google, Inc.
 3C: D9: 2B = Hewlett Packard
 00: 9A: CD = Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Type of MAC Address:
1. Unicast: A Unicast addressed frame is only sent out to the interface leading to specific
NIC. If the LSB (least significant bit) of first octet of an address is set to zero, the frame
is meant to reach only one receiving NIC. MAC Address of source machine is always
Unicast.

4. 2. Multicast: Multicast address allows the source to send a frame to group of devices. In
Layer-2 (Ethernet) Multicast address, LSB (least significant bit) of first octet of an
address is set to one. IEEE has allocated the address block 01-80-C2-xx-xx-xx (01-80-
C2-00-00-00 to 01-80-C2-FF-FF-FF) for group addresses for use by standard protocols.
3. Broadcast: Similar to Network Layer, Broadcast is also possible on underlying layer
(Data Link Layer). Ethernet frames with ones in all bits of the destination address (FF-
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF) are referred as broadcast address. Frames which are destined with
MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF will reach to every computer belong to that LAN
segment.