An IP address is a numerical label for devices on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol, categorized into IPv4 and IPv6 formats. IPv4 consists of 32 bits with four decimal numbers, while IPv6 has 128 bits, accommodating a larger address space. Different classes of IP addresses serve various network sizes and purposes, with private addresses usable within local networks without regional registry approval.

1. IP & Networking
Devices

2. What Is An IP Address ?
An Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) Is A Numerical
Label Assigned To Each Device Participating In A Computer
Network That Uses The Internet Protocol For Communication.

3. Representation Of IP Addresses• IP Address
• IPv4
• IPv6

4. IPv4
• An Ipv4 An Address Consists Of 32 Bits.
• Address Space To 232 Possible Unique Addresses.
• Consists Of Four Decimal Numbers, Each Ranging From 0 To 255.

5. IPv6
• The Address Size Was Increased From 32 To 128 Bits.
• Up To 2128 Addresses.
• All Modern Systems Include Native Support For The Ipv6 Protocol.

6. Classification Of IP Addresses• IP Address
• Public IP
• Private IP

7. Public - Class A
• The class A is used for very large networks.
• There are 1 to 126 are part of this class.
• It accounts for half of the total available IP
addresses.
1.0.0.1 To 126.255.255.254

8. Public - Class B
• Used for medium sized networks.
• The IP address with a first octet from 128 to 191.
128.1.0.1 To 191.255.255.254

9. Public - Class C
• Class C is used for small to middle size networks.
• IP address with a first octet starts from 192-223.
192.0.0.0 To 223.255.255.254

10. Public - Class D
• Reserved for multicast groups
224.0.0.0 To 239.255.255.255

11. Public - Class E
• Reserved for future use, or Research and
Development Purposes.
240.0.0.0 To 254.255.255.254

12. Private IP Addresses
• These addresses are commonly used for home,
office, and enterprise local area networks (LANs).
• Addresses in the private space are not allocated to
any organization, anyone may use these addresses
without approval from a regional Internet registry.
10.0.0.0 To 10.255.255.255 ~
16,777,216
172.16.0.0 To 172.31.255.255 ~
1,048,576
192.168.0.0 To 192.168.255.255 ~
65,536

13. Networking Devices

14. Network Interface Card
• A network interface card (NIC) is a
circuit board or card that is installed in
a computer so that it can be
connected to a network.

16. Repeater
• A repeater is a device that receives a
digital signal on an electromagnetic or
optical transmission medium and
regenerates the signal along the next
leg of the medium.
• A series of repeaters make possible
the extension of a signal over a
distance.

19. Modem
• A modem (modulator-demodulator) is
a network hardware device that
modulates one or more carrier wave
signals to encode digital information
for transmission and demodulates
signals to decode the transmitted
information.
• The goal is to produce a signal that
can be transmitted easily and decoded
to reproduce the original digital data.

21. Hubs
• Used to link several computers
together and repeat a signal from one
port to all other ports
• Passive Hubs simply connect all ports
together and are not electrically
powered
• Active hubs use power to amplify and
clean the signal before broadcasting

23. Switches
• A switch is a device used to connect
different network segments together.
• Switches are capable of inspecting
frames.
• It receives processes and forward the
data.

25. Routers
• Highly Intelligent Devices That
connect multiple network types
• Routers usually bridge multiple
networks
• Routers examine every incoming
packet and determines the destination
of the data

28. Thank You!