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Hypnosis
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- 2. Franz AntonMesmer History ofHypnosis Hypnosis began with ancient civilizations. Many group rituals, such as mass chanting and meditation to a steady drum beat were parts of religious ceremonies. There was healing of the mind before any medical practice. The term Hypnosis comes from the Greek 'ypnos' which means sleep because of the Trance State. However Hypnosis is not sleep because the subject stays alert, can talk and move, and the brain waves differ. Lived from 1734-1815 First person to study and practice hypnosis Believed that the human body is filled with magnetic fluid which when misaligned it causes illnesses, and that by realigning, it would restore health. Treated his patients by putting them in a tub filled with water and iron fillings After he died, this healing techniques was known as "mesmerism" or "hypnotism."
- 3. AnimalHypnosis Animals canbe encouraged to enter a state that, on the face of it, bears some similarities to hypnosis in people. This state is best described as motor inhibition in response to restraint but has also been variously labeled as 'tonic immobility', 'animal hypnosis', 'immobility reflex', 'Totsell reflex', or 'fright paralysis'. The processes underlying hypnosis in humans with tonic immobility in animals are likely to be very different. Tonic immobility in animals is defined by 'immobility' and nothing more. Animals cannot inform us about their subjective experience, and may not be self-aware and able to introspect as humans can.
- 4. How does hypnosiswork? • Hypnotists induce a trance by slowly persuading the participant to relax and to lose interest in external distractions. By this point, the hypnotist can directly access the person's subconscious mind. People may think the participant is asleep during hypnosis, but in reality, a person is even more aware of what is going on than the person would ordinarily be. It takes cooperation in order for this practice to work. Also under hypnosis, people will not do things against their morals. They will only accept the things they think will benefit them.
- 5. Effectsof Hypnosis Effectscan vary dramatically from one person to another. Some hypnotized individuals report feeling a sense of detachment or extreme relaxation during the hypnotic state. Others feel that their actions seem to occur outside of their conscious volition. Other individuals may remain fully aware and able to carry out conversations while under hypnosis. Effects can be permanent as long as one believes in it and if it fulfills the needs of the person. Hypnosis will not work if the person does not think it will fulfill their own personal needs, or if they simply do not believe in it.
- 6. What can hypnosisbe used for? The treatment of chronic pain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment and reduction of pain during childbirth. The reduction of the symptoms of dementia. Hypnotherapy may be helpful for certain symptoms of ADHD. The reduction of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Control of pain during dental procedures. Elimination or reduction of skin conditions including warts and psoriasis. Alleviation of symptoms association with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
- 7. Can you beHypnotized? Fifteen percent of people are very responsive to hypnosis. Children tend to be more susceptible to hypnosis. Approximately ten percent of adults are considered difficult or impossible to hypnotize. People who can become easily absorbed in fantasies are much more responsive to hypnosis.
- 8. Theoriesof Hypnosis Hilgard’s neodissociation theoryof hypnosis People in a hypnotic state experience a split consciousness in which there are two different streams of mental activity. While one stream of consciousness responds to the hypnotist’s suggestions, another dissociated stream processes information outside of the hypnotized individuals conscious awareness. Dissociated control theory The DCT model proposes that when highly hypnotizable individuals are hypnotized the supervisory attentional system (SAS) has become functionally dissociated from the contention scheduling system (CS) - that is, these two levels cease to work together effectively. Some other studies have found evidence for enhanced attentional control under hypnosis - contrary to what DCT would predict.
- 9. Myths of Hypnosis The hypnotist has complete control of your actions while you’re under hypnosis. While people often feel that their actions under hypnosis seem to occur without the influence of their will, a hypnotist cannot make you perform actions that are against your values or morals. Hypnosis can make you super-strong, fast or athletically talented. While hypnosis can be used to enhance performance, it cannot make people stronger or more athletic than their existing physical capabilities. You can be hypnotized against your will. Despite stories about people being hypnotized without their consent, hypnosis requires voluntary participation on the part of the patient. Hypnosis can help people remember the exact details of a crime they witnessed. While hypnosis can be used to enhance memory, the effects have been dramatically exaggerated in popular media. Research has found that hypnosis does not lead to significant memory enhancement or accuracy, and hypnosis can actually lead to false or distorted memories. When you wake up from hypnosis, you won’t remember anything that happened when you were hypnotized. While amnesia may occur in very rare cases, people generally remember everything that occurred while they were hypnotized. However, hypnosis can have a significant effect on memory. Posthypnotic amnesia can lead an individual to forget certain things that occurred before or during hypnosis. However, this effect is generally limited and temporary.
- 10. Dangers of StageHypnosis Misinterpretation ofSuggestions One of the most important things that a stage hypnotist must do is to remove all suggestions at the end of the show. True stage hypnosis is mass hypnosis. Sometimes when you give a suggestion to just one particular individual another person also will react to the suggestion given. Physical Casualties On many occasions people will sustain minor injuries. These can occur from falling off their chair to the more dangerous accidents like falling off the stage. Grief Charge When we experience painful and traumatic events in life the emotions are sometimes locked away and forgotten about in the subconscious mind. When a person experiences deep hypnosis the brain waves slow down into a cycle known as theta. As soon as the subconscious mind is opened up the emotional pain is released. If the psyche or ego is damaged through this uncontrolled re- stimulation of emotions it could well lead to depression or personality changes for life.
- 11. Work Cited http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Does-Hypnosis-Work?&id=4057240 http://www.sleepnow.com/HypnosisBackground.html http://www.danielolson.com/hypnosis/hypnosis_history.html http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/a/hypnosis.htm http://www.hypnosisandsuggestion.org/animal-hypnosis.html http://www.dangers-of- hypnosis.co.uk/hypnotist_dangers_of_stage_hypnosis.html http://www.essortment.com/articles/effects-hypnosis-last_4865.htm