This document provides an overview of hypnosis, including definitions, theories, types, clinical uses, benefits and side effects, and misconceptions. Hypnosis is introduced as a state of heightened focus and suggestibility that can be self-induced or induced by a hypnotist. Theories discussed include role theory, altered state theory, and dissociation theory. Types of hypnosis covered are traditional, self, NLP, and Ericksonian hypnosis. Clinical uses highlighted are for phobias, smoking cessation, confidence building, motivation, and performance anxiety. Benefits include reduced anxiety and pain relief while side effects are usually mild. Common misconceptions are also addressed.

1. HYPNOSIS
(A STATE OF SUB_CONCIOUSNESS)

2. PRESENTED BY
• HAFSAH AFZAAL BT16039
• URWA BINT E KHALID BT16047
• MAIRA IFTIKHAR BT16010
• AYESHA NASEER AHMED BUTT BT16008
• SHANZAY KHALID BT16046

3. DEFINITION
OR
The induction of state of consciousness in
which a person apparently losses the power of
voluntary and is highly responsive to
suggestion or directions
Hypnosis is a relaxing, naturally occurring state
of mind which happens to us everyday. Each
time we read a novel, take a nap or see a
movie, we are in a natural state of hypnosis.

4. INTRODUCTION
• The word “hypnosis” and
“hypnotism” both derive from
the term “neuro-hypnotism”
(nervous-sleep) coined by the
Scottish surgeon James Braid
around 1841.

5. INTRODUCTION CONT.
Braid described “hypnotism” as a state of
physical relaxation accompanied and
induced by mental concentration
(“abstraction”)

6. INTRODUCTION CONT.
A heightened state of suggestibility, such that the
suggestions given are accepted as being true and
effect the beliefs, habits, perceptions and behaviors of
an individual in varying degrees according to the depth
of hypnosis established.

7. INTRODUCTION CONT.
• Contrary to a popular misconception – that hypnosis is
o form of unconsciousness resembling sleep –
contemporary research suggests that it is actually a
wakeful state of focused attention and heightened
suggestibility with diminished peripheral awareness.

8. INTRODUCTION CONT.
Deeper levels of hypnosis enable the hypnotized
individual to experience greater hypnotic phenomenon
such as light states being able to create catalepsy by
suggestion, and deeper states allowing the individual to
experience amnesia, anesthesia, and hallucinations.

9. Components
1. Absorption is the amount of investment a person has in the hypnosis
session.This is known as mental concentration.
2. Dissociation is when a person’s behavioral control is separated from his
or her awareness. The individual in a dissociated state is likely to
respond with autonomic, reflexive behaviors.
3. Suggestion is the act of focusing the conscious mind on a single idea. A
point person (usually the psychologist/hypnotist) guides the hypnotized
person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, helping the person change
ideas of their choice.

10. Theories of Hypnosis
Three theories of hypnosis are:
1. Role Theory
2. Altered-state Theory
3. Dissociation Theory

11. Role Theory
A person is not actually in an alternate state of
consciousness, but rather is acting out the role of
hypnotized person

12. Altered-State Theory
When a person is actually
hypnotized and is therefore in a different, or
altered, state of mind.

13. Dissociation Theory
Hypnosis causes a person to actively or
voluntarily split their consciousness.

14. TYPES OF HYPNOSIS
There are four main types of hypnosis that are used in today’s
society to hypnotize another person or to hypnotize one’s self.
Each type of hypnosis varies in terms of use and practice. The
main common denominator between the four types of hypnosis
is that they all begin with some sort of hypnotic induction, such
as fixed eye induction or counting backwards to induce a
hypnotic state.

15. TYPES OF HYPNOSIS
❑ Traditional hypnosis
❑ Self hypnosis
❑ NLP hypnosis
❑ Ericksonian hypnosis

16. TRADITIONAL HYPNOSIS
• Traditional hypnosis is when the hypnotist puts the subject into a hypnotic
trance and then tells the subject what to do by giving direct commands
and suggestions. Traditional hypnosis has received some bad press over
the years and unfortunately some of it is justified. There have been many
stories of actors and stooges playacting in the performance, and at the
other extreme people have become stuck in a hypnotic state of terror
unable to fully awaken. Having said this traditional hypnosis can be a fun
and effective tool when used by an experienced hypnotist

17. SELF HYPNOSIS

18. SELF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• Self hypnosis (also known as auto hypnosis) is a self induced form of
hypnosis and usually involves the subject learning a set of procedures, or
following a recording or some other form of media. A hypnotist will often
teach or recommend self-hypnosis to their patients. It can also be used
for relaxation and has been compared with meditation. The uses of self-
hypnosis are very similar to those of hypnotherapy and can be used to
combat psychological problems like phobias, addictions, stress and other
psychological problems

19. NLP SESSIONS.

20. N L P
* NLP hypnosis (neuro-linguistic programming) is another form of hypnosis
similar to self hypnosis but concentrates more on peoples behaviors.
* NLP hypnosis is used to tackle psychological or behavioral problems or to
simply improve ones sense of well being. It is a great tool for motivation and
improving self confidence, although again it is unclear in the scientific
community exactly what NLP is or how it works.

21. ERICKSONIAN HYPNOSIS

22. ERICKSONIAN HYPNOSIS CONT.
It is also known as conversational hypnosis or covert hypnosis, Ericksonian
hypnosis is when a subject can be hypnotized within a normal
conversation, often without the subject realizing they are being hypnotized
at all.
Ericksonian hypnosis or conversational hypnosis was started by the
hypnotherapist dr. Milton h. Erickson, who learnt to use his speech so
effectively after becoming paralyzed and seriously ill himself. After
contracting polio at the age of 17 he was essentially bed ridden for long
periods, but during this time he learnt the significance of non-verbal
communication - things

23. ERICKSONIAN HYPNOSIS CONT.
This form of hypnosis can be used on those who are skeptical about
hypnotherapy or more traditional hypnosis, and has been said to be more
effective on those who are more skeptical. It can be used by therapists
during conversation and bypasses the traditional stage where a hypnotist
will 'induce trance' before performing their work, although according to
Erickson the patient will still enter this trance like state, but it will happen
within a few second using clever hypnotic language and techniques during
normal conversation.

24. CLINICAL USE OF HYPNOSIS

25. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• Modern Hypnotherapists Use Hypnosis Not Only For Medical Purposes
But Also As An Aid For The Resolution Of Many Problems Of
Psychological Origins It Is Estimated That Approximately 85% Of People
Of All Age Groups Will Readily Respond To Clinical Hypnotherapy.
Some Of The Conditions For Which
Hypnotherapy Is Indicated As A Practical
Treatment Are:

26. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• PHOBIAS
• STOP SMOKING
• CONFIDENCE , SELF ESTEEM AND ASSERTIVENESS
• MOTIVATION
• PERFORMANCE ANXIETY(Exam Stress, Public Speaking Etc)

27. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• If You've Suffered From Fear Of
Something Which Leads To Avoidance Of
It Then You Could Benefit From A Phobia
Treatment. They Primarily Use
Techniques Based In The Behavioural
School Of Psychotherapy, We Also
Employ Techniques From Neurolinguistic
Programming (NLP) In Addition To
Traditional Hypnotherapeutic Methods

28. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• A Two Session Treatment Which Can
Break The Habit Now And Forever.
• A Number Of Different Techniques
Can Be Employed To Suit The
Individual:
• Traditional Habit Breaking ,
Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP)
And Others.

29. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• There Are Many Ways In Which
Hypnosis Can Help You To
Become More Confident, Assertive
And Gain A Greater Self-esteem.
Through Mental Rehearsal Of
'Difficult' Situations, Ego Boosting
Techniques And Other Methods, It
Is Possible To Change Old
Behaviours and patterns.

30. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• They Can Help Clarify Goals
And Achieve Them . They Will
Discuss What You Wish To
Achieve, The Options For
Achieving Goals And Help To
Set Those Goals Within
Hypnosis .

31. CLINICAL USES OF HYPNOSIS CONT.
• Hypnosis Can Help, Through The
Use Of visualisations ,
Suggestions And Your Own
Undiscovered Inner Resources,
We Can Help You To Use The
Stress Energy To Enhance Your
Performance Without It Becoming
A Problem, Keeping The Good
Energy And Losing The Bad
Stress.

32. Benefits and Side Effects of Hypnosis
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33. Benefits of Hypnosis
Reduced anxiety
Pain Relief
Weight Loss
Sleeping Disorders
Sports Enhancement
Lower Blood Pressure
Migraines

34. Side Effects of Hypnosis
Hypnosis in itself is not dangerous but can be harmful if conducted by an
unskilled practitioner.
Dizziness
Headache
Anxiety
Stomach Upset
False memories

35. Hypnotizability
• Differences in the ability of people to become hypnotized
• Varies from person to person
• Varies from situation to situation
• Most adults are moderately hypnotizable.
• Children are easier to hypnotize.
• People who have positive, receptive attitudes towards hypnosis and expectations
that they respond tend to hypnotize easier.

36. Magnetic Fingers Test

37. Misconceptions
1. Only uneducated, or less intelligent people can be hypnotized. (To be
hypnotized, people must be willing and active participants.)
2. You can be forced to act against your will.(Clients are in full control
throughout hypnosis but will not be receptive to suggestions that
contradict their values.)
3. Hypnotherapy can cure(It is appropriate for many self-improvement
goals but is not appropriate for all conditions).
4. You may not "wake up" from a hypnotic trance.(If a person were to
refuse to emerge, he or she would eventually fall asleep and upon
waking would no longer be hypnotized.)

38. HAVE A HAPPY HYPNOSIS

39. Thanks
No ……