Hypnosis is a mental state involving focused concentration and heightened suggestibility. It can be self-induced or guided by a hypnotist. Theories of hypnosis include it being a role played or an altered state of consciousness. Hypnosis has been used medically to reduce pain, anxiety, and symptoms of various disorders. Ethical guidelines govern its use in therapy. Applications of hypnosis that have been researched include managing pain, IBS, skin conditions, ADHD symptoms, and supporting behavior changes like quitting smoking. People experience hypnosis differently, from detachment to full awareness.

1. Hypnosis

2. Content
Introduction History
Theories Types
Ethics of
Hypnosis
Use of
hypnosis
Impact of
hypnosis

3. Introduction
Hypnosis is a mental state of highly
focused concentration, diminished
peripheral awareness, and
heightened suggestibility. In simple
wards a mental state like sleep, in
which a person's thoughts can be
easily influenced by someone else.
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4. Introduction
Hypnosis is characterized by a
degree of increased receptiveness
and responsiveness in which inner
experiential perceptions are given
as much significance as is
generally given only to external
reality.
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5. Hypnotic induction
Hypnotic induction is the process
undertaken by a hypnotist to
establish the state or conditions
required for hypnosis to occur.
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6. Hypnotic state
Therapists bring about hypnosis
(also referred to as hypnotherapy
or hypnotic suggestion) with the
help of mental imagery and
soothing verbal repetition that ease
the patient into a trance-like state.
Once relaxed, patients’ minds are
more open to transformative
messages.
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7. Hypnotic State
In a hypnotic state an individual
tends to see, feel, smell, and
otherwise perceive in
accordance with the hypnotist’s
suggestions, even though
these suggestions may be in
apparent contradiction to the
actual stimuli present in the
environment.
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8. History
The history of hypnosis is as ancient as that of sorcery, magic,
and medicine; indeed, hypnosis has been used as a method in
all three. Its scientific history began in the latter part of the 18th
century with Franz Mesmer, a German physician who used
technique known as mesmerism or animal magnetism was
related to an invisible substance a fluid that runs within the
subject or between the subject and the therapist, was the
forerunner of the modern practice of hypnosis.
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9. History
A number of clinicians made use of
it without fully understanding its
nature until the middle of the 19th
century, when the English
physician James Braid studied the
phenomenon and coined the
terms hypnotism and hypnosis,
after the Greek god of
sleep, Hypnos. He also known as
father of hypnosis.
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10. History
Hypnosis attracted widespread scientific
interest in the 1880s. Ambroise-Auguste
Liébeault, an obscure French country
physician and Hippolyte Bernheim, a
professor of medicine at
Strasbourg they had written that hypnosis
involved no physical forces and no
physiological processes but was a
combination of psychologically mediated
responses to suggestions.
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11. History
Hypnosis became more important
in the field of psychology in the late
19th-century and was used by
Jean-Martin Charcot to treat
women experiencing what was
then known as hysteria. This work
influenced Sigmund Freud and the
development of psychoanalysis.
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12. Theories
1. The role theory states that a hypnotized
person is not actually in an alternate
state of consciousness but is playing the role of
being hypnotized, which includes complying
with the instructions of the hypnotist.
2. The state theory describes hypnosis as an
altered state of consciousness. According
to this theory, real, significant changes in
basic mental processes take
place during hypnosis.

13. Theories
3. In E. R. Hilgard's (1986) neodissociation
theory, responses are hypothesized to be due
to a division of consciousness into 2 or more
simultaneous streams, separated by an amnesic
barrier that prevents access to suggestion-
related executive functions, monitoring
functions, or both.
4. In K. S. Bowers's (1992) dissociated control
theory, hypnotic inductions are hypothesized to
weaken frontal control of behavioural schemas,
thereby allowing direct activation of behaviour by
the hypnotist's suggestions

14. Experiment
Experiments by researcher Ernest Hilgard
demonstrated how hypnosis can be used
to dramatically alter perceptions. After
instructing a hypnotized individual not to
feel pain in their arm, the participant's arm
was then placed in ice water. While non-
hypnotized individuals had to remove their
arm from the water after a few seconds
due to the pain, the hypnotized individuals
were able to leave their arms in the icy
water for several minutes without
experiencing pain.

15. Types
Guided
hypnosis
Hypnotherapy
Self-hypnosis

16. Guided hypnosis
This form of hypnosis involves the
use of tools such as recorded
instructions and music to induce a
hypnotic state. Online sites and
mobile apps often utilize this form
of hypnosis. Some apps
are Hypnobox, Relax and Sleep
Well Hypnosis and Harmony
Hypnosis Meditation.

17. Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy is a form of
adjunctive technique of hypnosis
that used in psychotherapy and is
practiced by licensed physicians .
Hypnotherapy works by inducing a
hypnotic state that is marked by a
state of waking awareness in which
people experience detached
external attention and a focus on
inner experiences

18. Self-hypnosis
Self-hypnosis is a process that
occurs when a person self-induces
a hypnotic state. It is often used as
a self-help tool for controlling pain
or managing stress.

19. The Ethics of
Hypnosis
The international society of
hypnosis (ISH) is dedicated to
promoting and maintaining the
highest professional standards in
the practice of hypnosis for clinical,
teaching or experimental purposes:
1. Professional Conduct with
Patients or Subjects
2. Applications of Hypnosis to
Professional Work

20. The Ethics of
Hypnosis
3. The Undertaking of Private
Therapy
4. Teaching of hypnosis and its
application in non-professional
work
5. Use of the Society’s Name
6. Hypnosis and Entertainment
7. Ending remarks

21. Use of Hypnosis
Hypnosis deal with chronic pain or to
alleviate pain and anxiety caused by
medical procedures such as surgery or
childbirth.
The following are just a few of the
applications for hypnosis that have been
demonstrated through research:
1. Alleviation of symptoms associated with
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
2. Control of pain during dental
procedures
3. Elimination or reduction of
skin conditions including warts and
psoriasis

22. Use of Hypnosis
4. Management of certain symptoms of
ADHD
5. Treatment of chronic pain conditions
such as rheumatoid arthritis
6. Treatment and reduction of pain during
childbirth
7. Reduction of dementia symptoms
8. Reduction of nausea and vomiting in
cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Hypnosis has also been used to help
people with behavior changes such as
quitting smoking, losing weight, or
preventing bed-wetting.

23. Impact of
Hypnosis
The experience of hypnosis can vary
dramatically from one person to another.
Some hypnotized individuals report feeling
a sense of detachment or extreme
relaxation during the hypnotic state while
others even feel that their actions seem to
occur outside of their conscious volition.
Other individuals may remain fully aware
and able to carry out conversations while
under hypnosis.

24. Reference
 Cherry, K. (n.d.). 5 Myths About Hypnosis Debunked.
 Hypnosis. (n.d.). Retrieved November 07, 2020, from
https://www.britannica.com/science/hypnosis
 Fritscher, L. (2020, September 25). Conquering Phobias Through Hypnotherapy.
 Code of Ethics. (n.d.). Retrieved November 07, 2020, from
https://www.ishhypnosis.org/administration/code-of-ethics
 SJ;, K. (n.d.). Dissociation theories of hypnosis. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9461855/
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