The file contain Knowledge about HYDROELECTRIC POWER ,,,DAM and Turbines types and operation ,,,,
its develop and constructed by ZAIN ALI student in UET LAHORE PAKISTAN in department of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ..
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
The file contain Knowledge about HYDROELECTRIC POWER ,,,DAM and Turbines types and operation ,,,,
its develop and constructed by ZAIN ALI student in UET LAHORE PAKISTAN in department of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ..
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
Comenius Water for Life - presentation by Martyna Borek, Paulina Borek, Piotr Rzepka and Mateusz Kot - students of Gimnazjum Publiczne im. A. Wajdy w Rudnikach
Introduction about hydropower, types of intakes, classification of hydropower plants, estimation of water potential, and planning aspects of hydropower.
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
Comenius Water for Life - presentation by Martyna Borek, Paulina Borek, Piotr Rzepka and Mateusz Kot - students of Gimnazjum Publiczne im. A. Wajdy w Rudnikach
Introduction about hydropower, types of intakes, classification of hydropower plants, estimation of water potential, and planning aspects of hydropower.
This presentation covers an imaginary design of diversion dam in Tarbela dam Pakistan. The design covers all the prospects of dam engineering, from basics dam planning to construction.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam.
Greatest water resources
The Dam is built on one of the World’s largest rivers – the Indus known as the “Abbasin” or the father of rivers
The World Bank accepted Tarbela Dam Project in 1965
WAPDA was entrusted with its execution on behalf of Govt. of Pak
General consultant of WAPDA is HAZARA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Built between 1968 and 1976
Project Consists of a 9,000 (2,743 meters) long.
It has a volume of 138,600,000
cubic yards (106,000,000 cubic m).
Reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet (13,690,000,000 cubic m).
The dam is 469 feet (143 m) high.
The Dam is 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest.
The total spillway capacity is 1,500,000
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
4. CONTENTS
Sources of power Generation
Concept hydroelectric power plant
Hydroelectric power plant
History of hydroelectric power plants
Major hydroelectric power plants
Hydroelectric power plants in Pakistan
Maximum power output
Working of hydroelectric power plants
Sizes of hydroelectric power plants
Major components of hydropower plants
Advantages and disadvantages
5. SOURCES OF POWER GENERATION
• Fuel
• Geothermal
• Biomass
• Solar
• Nuclear
• HYDROPOWER
8. CONCEPT OF HYDROELECTRIC
POWER PLANT
Earth is a watery place. But just how
much water exists on, in, and above
our planet? About 71 percent of the
Earth's surface is water-covered, and
the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of
all Earth's water. Rest is in lakes,
rivers, streams, water vapours
glaciers, icecaps
9. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated
by hydropower the production of electrical power through the
use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the
most widely used form of renewable energy accounting for 16
percent of global electricity generation –3,427 terawatt-
hours of electricity production in 2010 and is expected to
increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years
10. Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific
region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China
is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of
production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic
electricity use.
The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a
competitive source of renewable electricity.
The average cost of electricity from a hydro station larger than
10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
11. HISTORY
Humans have been harnessing water to perform work
for thousands of years. The Greeks used water wheels
for grinding wheat into flour more than 2,000 years
ago. Besides grinding flour, the power of the water was
used to saw wood and power textile mills and
manufacturing plants.
For more than a century, the technology for using
falling water to create hydroelectricity has existed. The
evolution of the modern hydropower turbine began in
the mid-1700s when a French hydraulic and military
engineer, Bernard Forest de Bélidor wrote Architecture
Hydraulique
12. HISTORY
During the 1700s and 1800s, water turbine development
continued. In 1880, a brush arc light dynamo driven by a
water turbine was used to provide theatre and storefront
lighting in Grand Rapids, Michigan; and in 1881, a brush
dynamo connected to a turbine in a flour mill provided
street lighting at Niagara Falls, New York. These two
projects used direct-current technology.
Alternating current is used today. That breakthrough
came when the electric generator was coupled to the
turbine, which resulted in the world's, and the United
States', first hydroelectric plant located in Appleton,
Wisconsin, in 1882.
15. TARBELAPOWER STATION
According to the original plan, four (4) power units of 175 MW
generating capacity each were to be installed on each of the
tunnels 1, 2 and 3 located on the right bank with the ultimate
installed capacity of 21,00 MW.
Tunnel 1 4 power units of 175MW = 700 MW
Tunnel 2 6 power units of 175MW =1000 MW
Tunnel 3 4 power units of 432 MW =1728 MW
After study installed six (6) units, instead of four (4) only on
tunnel NO.2. Based on studies, four power units of 432 MW
capacity each were installed on tunnel NO.3. Thus the total
ultimate power potential of the project enhanced from 2100
MW as originally planned to 3478 MW. It provides nearly 30
percent of all the irrigation water available in dry season
17. • the maximum power output is entirely dependent on how
much head and flow is available at the site
P = m x g x Hnet x System efficiency
P = Power, measured in Watts (W).
m = Mass flow rate in kg/s (numerically the same as the flow
rate in liters/second because 1 liter of water weighs 1 kg).
g = the gravitational constant, which is 9.81 m/s2.
Hnet = the net head This is the gross head physically
measured at the site, less any head losses.
System efficiency = the product of all of the component
efficiencies, which are normally the turbine, drive system
and generator.
For a ‘typical’ small hydro system the turbine efficiency would be 85%, drive efficiency
95% and generator efficiency 93%, so the overall system efficiency would be 0.85 x 0.95 x
0.93 = 0.751 or 75.1%.
MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT
18. MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT
if you had a relatively low gross head of 2.5 meters, and a turbine that could take
a maximum flow rate of 3 m3/s, the maximum power output of the system would
be: Hnet = 2.5 x 0.9 = 2.25 metres. 3 m3/s = 3,000 litres/second.
19. What is interesting here is that for two
entirely different sites, one with a net
head of 2.25 meters and the other 45
meters, can generate exactly the same
amount of power because the low-head
site has much more flow (3,000 liters /
second) compared to the high-head site
with just 150 liters/second.
This clearly shows how the two main
variables when calculating power output
from a hydropower system are the head
and the flow, and the power output is
proportional to the head multiplied by the
flow
MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT
21. WORKING
Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to
generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of
falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts
the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
23. SIZES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Facilities range in size from large power plants that supply many
consumers with electricity to small and micro plants that
individuals operate for their own energy needs or to sell power to
utilities.
• LARGE HYDROPOWER
Hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of more than 30
megawatts.
• SMALL HYDROPOWER
Small hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of 100
kilowatts to 30 megawatts.
• MICRO HYDROPOWER
A micro hydropower plant has a capacity of up to 100 kilowatts. A
small or micro-hydroelectric power system can produce enough
electricity for a home, farm or village.
24. MAJOR COMPONENTS
There are six major components
1. Reservoir
2. Dam & spillways
3. Intake or control gates
4. Penstock
5. Turbines
6. Generators
25. Reservoir
The water reservoir is the place
behind the dam where water is
stored. The water in the reservoir is
located higher than the rest of the
dam structure. The height of water
in the reservoir decides how much
potential energy the water
possesses. The higher the height of
water, the more its potential energy.
The high position of water in the
reservoir also enables it to move
downwards effortlessly.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
26. • Dam
A Dam is a barrier
that impounds water or
underground streams. The dam
is the most important
component of hydroelectric
power plant. The dam is built on
a large river that has abundant
quantity of water throughout the
year. It should be built at a
location where the height of the
river is sufficient to get the
maximum possible potential
energy from water.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
27. Spillways
A spillway is a structure used to
provide the controlled release of
flows from a dam into a
downstream area, typically being
the river that was dammed. In the
UK they may be known
as overflow channels. Spillways
release floods so that the water
does not overtop and damage or
even destroy the dam.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
28. Intake or control gates
These are the gates built on the
inside of the dam. The water from
reservoir is released and controlled
through these gates. These are
called inlet gates because water
enters the power generation unit
through these gates. When the
control gates are opened the water
flows due to gravity through the
penstock and towards the turbines.
The water flowing through the gates
possesses potential as well as
kinetic energy.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
29. The penstock is the long pipe or the
shaft that carries the water flowing
from the reservoir towards the power
generation unit, The water in the
penstock possesses kinetic energy
due to its motion and potential energy
due to its height.
The total amount of power generated
in the hydroelectric power plant
depends on the height of the water
reservoir and the amount of water
flowing through the penstock. The
amount of water flowing through the
penstock is controlled by the control
gates.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
30. Turbine
Water flowing from the penstock is
allowed to enter the power generation
unit, which houses the turbine and the
generator. When water falls on the
blades of the turbine the kinetic and
potential energy of water is converted
into the rotational motion of the blades
of the turbine. The rotating blades
causes the shaft of the turbine to also
rotate. The turbine shaft is enclosed
inside the generator. In most
hydroelectric power plants there is
more than one power generation unit.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
31. Generators
In the generator the electricity is
produced. The shaft of the water
turbine rotates in the generator,
which produces alternating current
in the coils of the generator. It is
the rotation of the shaft inside the
generator that produces magnetic
field which is converted into
electricity by electromagnetic field
induction.
in hydroelectricity power plants
potential energy of water is
converted into electricity.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
32. Advantages are
Hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source,
meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil
fuels, such as coal or natural gas.
Hydroelectric power is a domestic source of energy, allowing
each state to produce their own energy without being reliant on
international fuel sources.
Some hydropower facilities can quickly go from zero power to
maximum output. Because hydropower plants can generate
power to the grid immediately, they provide essential back-up
power during major electricity outages or disruptions.
hydropower efforts produce a number of benefits, such as flood
control, irrigation, and water supply.
ADVANTAGES
33. Hydroelectricity does not "use" water, all of the water is returned
to its source of origin.
Cheep rate of electricity
Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a
constant rate.
When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do not
produce green house gases.
Hydropower creates reservoirs that offer a variety of
recreational opportunities, notably fishing, swimming, and
boating. Most water power installations are required to provide
some public access to the reservoir to allow the public to take
advantage of these opportunities.
ADVANTAGES
34. Disadvantages are
Hydroelectric plants are very expensive to build, and must be
built to a very high standard
The creation of dams can also create flooding of land, which
means natural environment and the natural habitat of animals,
and even people, may be destroyed.
Changing the river pathway and shortage of water can cause
serious disputes between people.
Making dams on rivers affect the amount, quality and
temperature of water that flow in streams which has drastic
effects on agriculture and drinking water.
Hydropower plants can be impacted by drought. When water is
not available, the hydropower plants can't produce electricity.
DISADVANTAGES
Fuel natural gas coal etc
biomass a specific type of fuel. It is generated from organic waste products, such as cornhusks, sewage, and grass clippings
dead trees, branches, wood chips, plant or animal matter
Aus,china,bangladaish.pak.nepal,japan.canada,NZ,etc
kilo, mega, gega terawatt is equal to one trillion (1012) watts
control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy
control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy
1 litre of water weighs 1 kg, so ‘m’ is the same numerically as the flow rate in litres/second, in this case 3,000 kg/s.
Brake horsepower (BHP) is the amount of power generated by a motor
1 hp = 745.699872 W = 0.745699872 kW
P(kW) = 0.745699872 × P(hp) power calculation P(kW) = 0.745699872 × 130hp = 96.941 kW
There are various types of water turbines such as Kaplan turbine Francis turbine, Pelton wheels